''Calycadenia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family

Asteraceae The family Asteraceae, alternatively Compositae, consists of over 32,000 known species of flowering plants in over 1,900 genera within the order Asterales. Commonly referred to as the aster, daisy, composite, or sunflower family, Compositae w ...

, known commonly as the western rosinweeds.''Calycadenia''.
Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS). They are native to

California California is a U.S. state, state in the Western United States, located along the West Coast of the United States, Pacific Coast. With nearly 39.2million residents across a total area of approximately , it is the List of states and territori ...

, especially around the Central Valley.Carr, G
''Calycadenia''.
Department of Botany. University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa. The ranges of two species ''( C. fremontii + C. truncata)'' do extend north into

Oregon Oregon () is a U.S. state, state in the Pacific Northwest region of the Western United States. The Columbia River delineates much of Oregon's northern boundary with Washington (state), Washington, while the Snake River delineates much of it ...

.''Calycadenia''.
The Jepson eFlora 2013.

Description

These are annual herbs variable in size from just a few centimeters tall to well over one meter. They are

aroma An odor (American English) or odour (Commonwealth English; see spelling differences) is caused by one or more volatilized chemical compounds that are generally found in low concentrations that humans and animals can perceive via their sense ...

tic. The leaves are

alternate Alternative or alternate may refer to: Arts, entertainment and media * Alternative (''Kamen Rider''), a character in the Japanese TV series ''Kamen Rider Ryuki'' * ''The Alternative'' (film), a 1978 Australian television film * ''The Alternative ...

ly arranged except in '' C. oppositifolia'', in which they are opposite. The leaves are narrow and linear in shape, resembling

grass Poaceae () or Gramineae () is a large and nearly ubiquitous family of monocotyledonous flowering plants commonly known as grasses. It includes the cereal grasses, bamboos and the grasses of natural grassland and species cultivated in lawns an ...

leaves. They sometimes have slightly toothed edges.

Flower heads A pseudanthium (Greek for "false flower"; ) is an inflorescence that resembles a flower. The word is sometimes used for other structures that are neither a true flower nor a true inflorescence. Examples of pseudanthia include flower heads, compos ...

are solitary or borne in open arrays or clusters in the leaf

axils A leaf ( : leaves) is any of the principal appendages of a vascular plant stem, usually borne laterally aboveground and specialized for photosynthesis. Leaves are collectively called foliage, as in "autumn foliage", while the leaves, st ...

. The peduncles that hold the

flower heads A pseudanthium (Greek for "false flower"; ) is an inflorescence that resembles a flower. The word is sometimes used for other structures that are neither a true flower nor a true inflorescence. Examples of pseudanthia include flower heads, compos ...

have

bract In botany, a bract is a modified or specialized leaf, especially one associated with a reproductive structure such as a flower, inflorescence axis or cone scale. Bracts are usually different from foliage leaves. They may be smaller, larger, or of ...

s with one or more tack-shaped glands. The head usually has one or more

phyllaries In botanical terminology, a phyllary, also known an involucral bract or tegule, is a single bract of the involucre of a composite flower. The involucre is the grouping of bracts together. Phyllaries are reduced leaf-like structures that form one or ...

stuck to the

ray florets The family Asteraceae, alternatively Compositae, consists of over 32,000 known species of flowering plants in over 1,900 genera within the order Asterales. Commonly referred to as the aster, daisy, composite, or sunflower family, Compositae w ...

; these often have similar tack-shaped

glands In animals, a gland is a group of cells in an animal's body that synthesizes substances (such as hormones) for release into the bloodstream (endocrine gland) or into cavities inside the body or its outer surface (exocrine gland). Structure De ...

. There are one to six

on the head, each with 3 lobes at the tip. They are white, cream, pink, or yellow, and some have a dark red spot near the base. There are up to 25

disc floret The family Asteraceae, alternatively Compositae, consists of over 32,000 known species of flowering plants in over 1,900 genera within the order Asterales. Commonly referred to as the aster, daisy, composite, or sunflower family, Compositae w ...

s in shades of white, cream, pink, or yellow, with

anthers The stamen (plural ''stamina'' or ''stamens'') is the pollen-producing reproductive organ of a flower. Collectively the stamens form the androecium., p. 10 Morphology and terminology A stamen typically consists of a stalk called the filam ...

that are usually purple or black, sometimes yellow or brown. The fruit is an angular cypsela. Fruits from the

disc flower The family Asteraceae, alternatively Compositae, consists of over 32,000 known species of flowering plants in over 1,900 genera within the order Asterales. Commonly referred to as the aster, daisy, composite, or sunflower family, Compositae we ...

s usually have

pappi In Asteraceae, the pappus is the modified calyx, the part of an individual floret, that surrounds the base of the corolla tube in flower. It functions as a wind-dispersal mechanism for the seeds. The term is sometimes used for similar s ...

made up of several scales.''Calycadenia''.
Flora of North America. The

gland In animals, a gland is a group of cells in an animal's body that synthesizes substances (such as hormones) for release into the bloodstream (endocrine gland) or into cavities inside the body or its outer surface (exocrine gland). Structure De ...

-dotted bracts on the peduncles are a distinguishing character of the genus. The name ''Calycadenia'' comes from the

Greek Greek may refer to: Greece Anything of, from, or related to Greece, a country in Southern Europe: *Greeks, an ethnic group. *Greek language, a branch of the Indo-European language family. **Proto-Greek language, the assumed last common ancestor ...

''calyx'' ("cup") and ''aden'' ("gland"), and references the tack-shaped glands on these bracts and the phyllaries.

Biology

Most of the species are

self-incompatible Self-incompatibility (SI) is a general name for several genetic mechanisms that prevent self-fertilization in sexually reproducing organisms, and thus encourage outcrossing and allogamy. It is contrasted with separation of sexes among individuals ...

. The biology of the genus is variable; several species have races that differ in

chromosome A chromosome is a long DNA molecule with part or all of the genetic material of an organism. In most chromosomes the very long thin DNA fibers are coated with packaging proteins; in eukaryotic cells the most important of these proteins are ...

count but not much in

morphology Morphology, from the Greek and meaning "study of shape", may refer to: Disciplines *Morphology (archaeology), study of the shapes or forms of artifacts *Morphology (astronomy), study of the shape of astronomical objects such as nebulae, galaxies, ...

, while several others have races that are different in morphology but all have the same chromosome count.

Species

;Species * '' Calycadenia fremontii'' – Frémont's western rosinweed * '' Calycadenia hooveri'' – Hoover's western rosinweed * '' Calycadenia micrantha'' – small-flowered calycadenia * '' Calycadenia mollis'' – soft western rosinweed * '' Calycadenia multiglandulosa'' – sticky western rosinweed * '' Calycadenia oppositifolia'' – Butte County western rosinweed * ''

Calycadenia pauciflora ''Calycadenia pauciflora'' is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae known by the common name smallflower western rosinweed. It is Endemism, endemic to northern California, where it grows in the California Coast Ranges, Coast Range ...

'' – smallflower western rosinweed * '' Calycadenia spicata'' – spiked western rosinweed * '' Calycadenia truncata'' – Oregon western rosinweed * '' Calycadenia villosa'' – dwarf western rosinweed ;formerly includedThe Plant List, ''Calycadenia tenella'' (Nutt.) Torr. & A.Gray
/ref> * '' Calycadenia tenella'' Torr. & A. Gray, see '' Osmadenia tenella'' Nutt.

References

External links

*
''Calycadenia''.
United States Department of Agriculture plants profiles {{Taxonbar, from=Q2464862 Asteraceae genera Flora of the Western United States