The Calucones were a Gallic or

Rhaetian The Rhaetian is the latest age of the Triassic Period (in geochronology) or the uppermost stage of the Triassic System (in chronostratigraphy). It was preceded by the Norian and succeeded by the Hettangian (the lowermost stage or earliest age ...

tribe dwelling around present-day

Chur , neighboring_municipalities= Arosa, Churwalden, Tschiertschen-Praden, Domat/Ems, Felsberg, Malix, Trimmis, Untervaz, Pfäfers , twintowns = Bad Homburg (Germany), Cabourg (France), Mayrhofen (Austria), Mondorf-les-Bains (Luxembourg), ...

(eastern Switzerland) during the

Roman period The Roman Empire ( la, Imperium Romanum ; grc-gre, Βασιλεία τῶν Ῥωμαίων, Basileía tôn Rhōmaíōn) was the post-Roman Republic, Republican period of ancient Rome. As a polity, it included large territorial holdings aro ...

Name

They are mentioned as ''Calucones'' (var. ''Callucones'', ''Allucones'') by Pliny (1st c. AD), and as ''kaloúkōnes'' (καλούκωνες; var. καλούκονες, κουλούκωνες) by

Ptolemy Claudius Ptolemy (; grc-gre, Πτολεμαῖος, ; la, Claudius Ptolemaeus; AD) was a mathematician, astronomer, astrologer, geographer, and music theorist, who wrote about a dozen scientific treatises, three of which were of importanc ...

(2nd c. AD)., s.v. Calucones. The etymology of the name remains debated. It could go back to a Celtic form ''calo-uco-on''-, derived from the stem ''calo''- ('call'). Alternatively, it may be derived from a stem *''calu''- ('hard') attached to -''cones'' ('wolves'), and translated as 'hard wolves'. An homonym tribe, the ''Kaloukones'', lived further north, near the Germanic

Suebi The Suebi (or Suebians, also spelled Suevi, Suavi) were a large group of Germanic peoples originally from the Elbe river region in what is now Germany and the Czech Republic. In the early Roman era they included many peoples with their own names ...

Geography

The Calucones probably dwelled around present-day

(Curia), in the Canton of Grisons. Their territory was located north of the Suanetes and Rugusci, west of the

Focunates The Focunates were an ancient Alpine tribe dwelling near present-day Innsbruck (Tyrol) during the Iron Age. Name They are mentioned as ''Focunates'' by Pliny (1st c. AD).Pliny. ''Naturalis Historia''3:20 Geography The Focunates lived west o ...

and

Venostes The Venostes were a Celtic or Rhaetian tribe dwelling in the present-day Vinschgau Valley (Val Venosta) during the Iron Age. Geography The Venostes dwelled in the Vinschgau valley. They were located south of the Focunates, west of the Isarci, ...

, south of the

Vennones The Vennones or Vennonetes were a Rhaetian tribe dwelling in the northern Alps, between Chur and Lake Constance, during the Iron Age and the Roman era. Name They are mentioned as ''Ouénnōnes'' (Οὐέννωνες) by Strabo (early 1st c. ...

., Map 19: Raetia.

History

They are mentioned by Pliny the Elder as one of the Alpine tribes conquered by Rome in 16–15 BC, and whose name was engraved on the Tropaeum Alpium. Pliny. ''Naturalis Historia''
3:20

References

Primary sources

Bibliography