Calpine Corporation is the largest generator of electricity from
natural gas
Natural gas (also called fossil gas or simply gas) is a naturally occurring mixture of gaseous hydrocarbons consisting primarily of methane in addition to various smaller amounts of other higher alkanes. Low levels of trace gases like carbo ...
and
geothermal resources in the
United States
The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territorie ...
, with operations in competitive power markets.
A
Fortune 500
The ''Fortune'' 500 is an annual list compiled and published by ''Fortune'' magazine that ranks 500 of the largest United States corporations by total revenue for their respective fiscal years. The list includes publicly held companies, along ...
company based in
Houston, Texas
Houston (; ) is the most populous city in Texas, the most populous city in the Southern United States, the fourth-most populous city in the United States, and the sixth-most populous city in North America, with a population of 2,304,580 in ...
,
the company is owned by an affiliate of Energy Capital Partners and a
consortium
A consortium (plural: consortia) is an association of two or more individuals, companies, organizations or governments (or any combination of these entities) with the objective of participating in a common activity or pooling their resources for ...
of other investors, including
Access Industries Inc. and
Canada Pension Plan Investment Board
The Canada Pension Plan Investment Board (CPPIB; french: Office d'investissement du régime de pensions du Canada), operating as CPP Investments (french: Investissements RPC), is a Canadian Crown corporation established by way of the 1997 ''Cana ...
.
[ http://www.calpine.com/about-us/news/18-03-08-close.]
Operations
Through wholesale power operations and its retail businesses, Calpine serves customers in 23 states, Canada and Mexico.
As of March 2018, the directors of Calpine are CEO Thad Hill; Executive Vice Chairman Thad Miller; Tyler Reeder, Douglas Kimmelman, Andrew Singer and Andrew Gilbert of Energy Capital Partners; and Donald Wagner of Access Industries, Inc. The executive leadership team includes President/CEO Thad Hill, EVP/Chief Legal Officer Thad Miller, EVP/Chief Financial Officer Zamir Rauf, EVP/Power Operations Charlie Gates and EVPs of Commercial Operations Andrew Novotny and Caleb Stephenson.
Its fleet of 78 power plants in operation or under construction represents nearly 26,000 megawatts of generation capacity.
History
In response to the
1973 oil crisis
The 1973 oil crisis or first oil crisis began in October 1973 when the members of the Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries (OAPEC), led by Saudi Arabia, proclaimed an oil embargo. The embargo was targeted at nations that had supp ...
and the
1979 energy crisis
The 1979 oil crisis, also known as the 1979 Oil Shock or Second Oil Crisis, was an energy crisis caused by a drop in oil production in the wake of the Iranian Revolution. Although the global oil supply only decreased by approximately four per ...
, much legislation was passed that made domestic energy production an attractive enterprise. In 1984, Peter Cartwright and four of his co-workers, the Guy F. Atkinson Construction Company of
South San Francisco
South San Francisco is a city in San Mateo County, California, United States, located on the San Francisco Peninsula in the San Francisco Bay Area. The city is colloquially known as "South City". The population was 66,105 at the 2020 census. ...
, and the
Electrowatt corporation struck an investment arrangement, and Calpine was born with initial capital of
US$
The United States dollar (symbol: $; code: USD; also abbreviated US$ or U.S. Dollar, to distinguish it from other dollar-denominated currencies; referred to as the dollar, U.S. dollar, American dollar, or colloquially buck) is the official ...
1 million. It was essentially a Silicon Valley startup company. The name "Calpine" is derived from the company's original California location and alpine, a reference to the
Zürich
Zürich () is the list of cities in Switzerland, largest city in Switzerland and the capital of the canton of Zürich. It is located in north-central Switzerland, at the northwestern tip of Lake Zürich. As of January 2020, the municipality has 43 ...
home base of Electrowatt. Calpine is the largest generator of electricity from natural gas and geothermal resources in the United States.
* 1984: provider of management services for independent energy companies
* 1988: first power production
* 1992: assets of US$21 billion
* 1994: 141
MW capacity
* 1996: largest
IPO
An initial public offering (IPO) or stock launch is a public offering in which shares of a company are sold to institutional investors and usually also to retail (individual) investors. An IPO is typically underwritten by one or more investment ...
ever for an independent energy company
* 1998: purchased 45 gas turbine power plants
* 1999: purchased 18 gas turbine power plants
* 1999: acquired
PG&E
The Pacific Gas and Electric Company (PG&E) is an American investor-owned utility (IOU). The company is headquartered in the Pacific Gas & Electric Building, in San Francisco, California. PG&E provides natural gas and electricity to 5.2 milli ...
's plants at
The Geysers, making Calpine the world's largest
geothermal provider
* 2001: the
California electricity crisis
* 2004: Investment bank
Lehman Brothers
Lehman Brothers Holdings Inc. ( ) was an American global financial services firm founded in 1847. Before Bankruptcy of Lehman Brothers, filing for bankruptcy in 2008, Lehman was the fourth-largest investment bank in the United States (behind Gol ...
begins
shorting
In finance, being short in an asset means investing in such a way that the investor will profit if the value of the asset falls. This is the opposite of a more conventional "long" position, where the investor will profit if the value of the a ...
Calpine, with researcher Christine Daley lacking confidence in Calpine. This information spreads to clients of Lehman. By the time Calpine goes bankrupt in 2005, Lehman will profit roughly $100,000,000 from the short.
* 2005: November: CEO Peter Cartwright and CFO Bob Kelly leave the company.
* 2005: December 20: Calpine files bankruptcy, US$22 billion in debt. Calpine's aggressive leveraged expansion plan was unsupportable in the economic environment formed by the 2000-2001 California energy crisis and the collapse of
Enron
Enron Corporation was an American energy, commodities, and services company based in Houston, Texas. It was founded by Kenneth Lay in 1985 as a merger between Lay's Houston Natural Gas and InterNorth, both relatively small regional companies. ...
. Stock price dropped to less than US$0.30 per share. Delisted from NYSE.
* 2008: On 1/31/08, Calpine emerges from bankruptcy. Previous stock was exchanged for warrants. New Calpine stock began trading on the NYSE under the ticker symbol "CPN."
* 2008: Executive leadership team headed by president and CEO Jack Fusco join the company.
* 2009: Moved corporate headquarters from
San Jose, California
San Jose, officially San José (; ; ), is a major city in the U.S. state of California that is the cultural, financial, and political center of Silicon Valley and largest city in Northern California by both population and area. With a 2020 popul ...
to
Houston, Texas
Houston (; ) is the most populous city in Texas, the most populous city in the Southern United States, the fourth-most populous city in the United States, and the sixth-most populous city in North America, with a population of 2,304,580 in ...
.
* 2010: Acquired Conectiv Energy (generation) from
Pepco Holdings.
* 2010: Calpine dedicates the Geothermal Visitor Center and celebrates 50 years of geothermal power production at The Geysers in Northern California.
* 2010: Thad Hill is named chief operating officer.
* 2012: Calpine's power plant fleet generates a record 116 million MWh of electricity.
* 2013: Calpine rings the opening bell at the New York Stock Exchange on January 18.
* 2014: Jack Fusco becomes Calpine's executive chairman of the board and Thad Hill becomes the company's chief executive officer effective May 21.
* 2014: Calpine executes on a strategic priority by selling six power plants in its Southeast region.
* 2015: Calpine acquired award-winning retail electric provider Champion Energy, expanding customer channels in its core Texas and Northeastern U.S. markets.
* 2016: Calpine acquired Granite Ridge Energy Center in
Londonderry, New Hampshire.
* 2016: Frank Cassidy becomes chairman of the board.
* 2016: Calpine acquires
Noble Group Ltd's North American energy business.
[http://investor.calpine.com/news/press-release-details/2016/Calpine-Closes-on-Acquisition-of-Noble-Americas-Energy-Solutions/default.aspx]
* 2018: Calpine is acquired by an affiliate of Energy Capital Partners and a consortium of other investors, including
Access Industries
Access Industries, Inc. is an American privately held multinational industrial group. It was founded in 1986 by businessman Leonard "Len" Blavatnik, who is also its chairman. Access's industrial focus is in four areas: natural resources and c ...
Inc. and
Canada Pension Plan Investment Board
The Canada Pension Plan Investment Board (CPPIB; french: Office d'investissement du régime de pensions du Canada), operating as CPP Investments (french: Investissements RPC), is a Canadian Crown corporation established by way of the 1997 ''Cana ...
, on March 8. A new board is named. Shares of Calpine's common stock stop trading prior to the March 9, 2018, opening of the New York Stock Exchange.
References
* Editors, ''Scientific American'' (2004)
The 2004 Scientific American 50 Award: Business Leaders Retrieved February 7, 2006.
* Editors, ''World-Generation''
Retrieved February 10, 2006.
* Peters, Sara (2002)
Retrieved February 10, 2006.
* {{cite news , title=Calpine to Trim Jobs, Shed Businesses to Reduce Costs , date=2 Feb 2006 , work=Los Angeles Times , url=http://www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-calpine2feb02,1,3466491.story?coll=la-headlines-business
* Schlager, Neil (2006)
Retrieved February 10, 2006.
* Green, Sherri (2016). http://www.calpine.com/. Revised July 17, 2019.
Companies based in Houston
Energy companies established in 1984
Electric power companies of the United States
1984 establishments in Texas