Calogero Conjecture
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The Calogero conjecture is a minority interpretation of quantum mechanics. It is a quantization explanation involving
quantum mechanics Quantum mechanics is a fundamental theory in physics that provides a description of the physical properties of nature at the scale of atoms and subatomic particles. It is the foundation of all quantum physics including quantum chemistry, ...
, originally stipulated in 1997 and further republished in 2004 by
Francesco Calogero Francesco Calogero (born 6 February 1935) is an Italian physicist, active in the community of scientists concerned with nuclear disarmament. Biography Born on 6 February 1935, he is the son of the philosopher Guido Calogero. After his father was ...
that suggests the classical stochastic background field to which
Edward Nelson Edward Nelson (May 4, 1932 – September 10, 2014) was an American mathematician. He was professor in the Mathematics Department at Princeton University. He was known for his work on mathematical physics and mathematical logic. In mathematical ...
attributes quantum mechanical behavior in his theory of
stochastic quantization In theoretical physics, stochastic quantization is a method for modelling quantum mechanics, introduced by Edward Nelson in 1966, and streamlined by Parisi and Wu. Details Stochastic quantization serves to quantize Euclidean field theories, and ...
is a fluctuating space-time, and that there are further mathematical relations between the involved quantities. The hypothesis itself suggests that if the
angular momentum In physics, angular momentum (rarely, moment of momentum or rotational momentum) is the rotational analog of linear momentum. It is an important physical quantity because it is a conserved quantity—the total angular momentum of a closed syst ...
associated with a stochastic tremor with
spatial coherence In physics, two wave sources are coherent if their frequency and waveform are identical. Coherence is an ideal property of waves that enables stationary (i.e., temporally or spatially constant) interference. It contains several distinct concepts, ...
provides an action purported by that motion within the order of magnitude of Planck's constant then the order of magnitude of the associated angular momentum has the same value. Calogero himself suggests that these findings, originally based on the simplified model of the universe "are affected (and essentially, unaffected) by the possible presence in the mass of the Universe of a large component made up of particles much lighter than nucleons". Essentially, the relation explained by Calogero can be expressed with the formulas: :h \approx \alpha G^ m^ (t). Furthermore: :h \equiv h(t) = A \sqrt = h_0 \sqrt Const G,m Where: :G represents the
gravitational constant The gravitational constant (also known as the universal gravitational constant, the Newtonian constant of gravitation, or the Cavendish gravitational constant), denoted by the capital letter , is an empirical physical constant involved in ...
:m represents the mass of a hydrogen atom. :R(t) represents the radius of the universe accessible by gravitational interactions in time, t. :A is a dimensional constant. Despite its common description, it has been noted that the conjecture is not entirely defined within the realms of Nelson's stochastic mechanics, but can also be thought of as a means of inquiring into the statistical effects of interaction with distant masses in the universe and was expected by Calogero himself to be within the same order of magnitude as quantum mechanical effects.


Analysis


Compatibility with fundamental constants

After the publication of Calogero's original paper, " he smic origin of quantization" a response was published by Giuseppe Gaeta of the University of Rome in which he discussed the compatibility of the conjecture with present bounds on variation of fundamental constants, but also outlined his focus on the modification of the relation between
redshift In physics, a redshift is an increase in the wavelength, and corresponding decrease in the frequency and photon energy, of electromagnetic radiation (such as light). The opposite change, a decrease in wavelength and simultaneous increase in f ...
and distance, and of the estimations attained from observations of elapsed time from the production of cosmic radiation and implications—both being related also, to the observed blackbody distribution of background cosmic radiation.


References

* {{cite journal , last=Gaeta , first=Giuseppe , title=Calogero Conjecture and Hubble Law, journal=International Journal of Theoretical Physics , publisher=Springer Science and Business Media LLC , volume=39 , issue=5 , year=2000 , issn=0020-7748 , doi=10.1023/a:1003647122051 , pages=1339–1350, s2cid=118571985 Quantum mechanics Conjectures