''Calligonum'' is a
genus
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...
of
plant
Plants are predominantly photosynthetic eukaryotes of the kingdom Plantae. Historically, the plant kingdom encompassed all living things that were not animals, and included algae and fungi; however, all current definitions of Plantae exclud ...
s in the family
Polygonaceae
The Polygonaceae are a family of flowering plants known informally as the knotweed family or smartweed—buckwheat family in the United States. The name is based on the genus ''Polygonum'', and was first used by Antoine Laurent de Jussieu in 1789 ...
with about 80
species
In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate s ...
across the
Mediterranean Sea
The Mediterranean Sea is a sea connected to the Atlantic Ocean, surrounded by the Mediterranean Basin and almost completely enclosed by land: on the north by Western and Southern Europe and Anatolia, on the south by North Africa, and on the ea ...
region,
Asia
Asia (, ) is one of the world's most notable geographical regions, which is either considered a continent in its own right or a subcontinent of Eurasia, which shares the continental landmass of Afro-Eurasia with Africa. Asia covers an area ...
and
North America
North America is a continent in the Northern Hemisphere and almost entirely within the Western Hemisphere. It is bordered to the north by the Arctic Ocean, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, to the southeast by South America and the Car ...
.
Description
Plants of the genus ''Calligonum'' are shrubs, diffusely but irregularly branched, with flexuous woody branches. Leaves are simple, opposite, nearly sessile, linear or scale-like, sometimes absent or very small, linear or filiform, distinct or united with short membranous ochreae. Flowers are bisexual, solitary or in loose axillary inflorescences. Flowers have persistent, 5-parted
perianth
The perianth (perigonium, perigon or perigone in monocots) is the non-reproductive part of the flower, and structure that forms an envelope surrounding the sexual organs, consisting of the calyx (sepals) and the corolla (petals) or tepals when ...
s not accrescent in fruit, and 10-18
stamen
The stamen (plural ''stamina'' or ''stamens'') is the pollen-producing reproductive organ of a flower. Collectively the stamens form the androecium., p. 10
Morphology and terminology
A stamen typically consists of a stalk called the filame ...
s with filaments connate at the base. The
ovary
The ovary is an organ in the female reproductive system that produces an ovum. When released, this travels down the fallopian tube into the uterus, where it may become fertilized by a sperm. There is an ovary () found on each side of the body. ...
is tetragonous.
Taxonomy
The genus ''Calligonum'' was first published by
Carl Linnaeus
Carl Linnaeus (; 23 May 1707 – 10 January 1778), also known after his ennoblement in 1761 as Carl von Linné Blunt (2004), p. 171. (), was a Swedish botanist, zoologist, taxonomist, and physician who formalised binomial nomenclature, the ...
in 1753.
It is placed in the subfamily
Polygonoideae
Polygonoideae is a subfamily of plants in the family Polygonaceae. It includes a number of plants that can be highly invasive, such as Japanese knotweed, ''Reynoutria japonica'', and its hybrid with '' R. sachalinensis'', ''R.'' × ''bohemica'' ...
, tribe Calligoneae, along with its sister genus, ''
Pteropyrum
''Pteropyrum'' is a genus of plants in the family Polygonaceae. Plants of the World Online accepts two species, native to Iran, Oman and the Gulf States.
Description
Species of ''Pteropyrum'' are shrubs. The few leaves may be arranged alternate ...
''.
Species
*''
Calligonum acanthopterum
''Calligonum'' is a genus of plants in the family Polygonaceae with about 80 species across the Mediterranean Sea region, Asia and North America.
Description
Plants of the genus ''Calligonum'' are shrubs, diffusely but irregularly branched, wi ...
''
I.G.Borshch.
*''
Calligonum alatosetosum
''Calligonum'' is a genus of plants in the family Polygonaceae with about 80 species across the Mediterranean Sea region, Asia and North America.
Description
Plants of the genus ''Calligonum'' are shrubs, diffusely but irregularly branched, wi ...
''
Maassoumi & Kazempour
*''
Calligonum aphyllum''
(Pall.) Gürke
*''
Calligonum arborescens
''Calligonum'' is a genus of plants in the family Polygonaceae with about 80 species across the Mediterranean Sea region, Asia and North America.
Description
Plants of the genus ''Calligonum'' are shrubs, diffusely but irregularly branched, w ...
''
Litv.
*''
Calligonum azel
''Calligonum'' is a genus of plants in the family Polygonaceae with about 80 species across the Mediterranean Sea region, Asia and North America.
Description
Plants of the genus ''Calligonum'' are shrubs, diffusely but irregularly branched, wi ...
''
Maire
*''
Calligonum babakianum
''Calligonum'' is a genus of plants in the family Polygonaceae with about 80 species across the Mediterranean Sea region, Asia and North America.
Description
Plants of the genus ''Calligonum'' are shrubs, diffusely but irregularly branched, w ...
''
Godw.
*''
Calligonum bakuense
''Calligonum bakuense'' is a species of ''Calligonum'' shrub, endemic to Azerbaijan. It has pinkish flowers and grows on coastal sands along the Caspian Sea, Caspian shore, reaching 1.5 m in height. The habitat is limited to the Absheron Peninsul ...
''
Litv.
*''
Calligonum bucocladum
''Calligonum'' is a genus of plants in the family Polygonaceae with about 80 species across the Mediterranean Sea region, Asia and North America.
Description
Plants of the genus ''Calligonum'' are shrubs, diffusely but irregularly branched, wi ...
''
Bunge
*''
Calligonum bykovii
''Calligonum'' is a genus of plants in the family Polygonaceae with about 80 species across the Mediterranean Sea region, Asia and North America.
Description
Plants of the genus ''Calligonum'' are shrubs, diffusely but irregularly branched, wi ...
''
Godw.
*''
Calligonum calvescens
''Calligonum'' is a genus of plants in the family Polygonaceae with about 80 species across the Mediterranean Sea region, Asia and North America.
Description
Plants of the genus ''Calligonum'' are shrubs, diffusely but irregularly branched, wi ...
''
Maire
*''
Calligonum caput-medusae
''Calligonum'' is a genus of plants in the family Polygonaceae with about 80 species across the Mediterranean Sea region, Asia and North America.
Description
Plants of the genus ''Calligonum'' are shrubs, diffusely but irregularly branched, wi ...
''
Schrenk
*''
Calligonum crinitum
''Calligonum'' is a genus of plants in the family Polygonaceae with about 80 species across the Mediterranean Sea region, Asia and North America.
Description
Plants of the genus ''Calligonum'' are shrubs, diffusely but irregularly branched, wi ...
''
Boiss.
*''
Calligonum crispum
''Calligonum'' is a genus of plants in the family Polygonaceae with about 80 species across the Mediterranean Sea region, Asia and North America.
Description
Plants of the genus ''Calligonum'' are shrubs, diffusely but irregularly branched, wi ...
''
Bunge
*''
Calligonum cristatum
''Calligonum'' is a genus of plants in the family Polygonaceae with about 80 species across the Mediterranean Sea region, Asia and North America.
Description
Plants of the genus ''Calligonum'' are shrubs, diffusely but irregularly branched, wi ...
''
Bunge
*''
Calligonum ebinuricum
''Calligonum'' is a genus of plants in the family Polygonaceae with about 80 species across the Mediterranean Sea region, Asia and North America.
Description
Plants of the genus ''Calligonum'' are shrubs, diffusely but irregularly branched, wi ...
''
N.A.Ivanova ex Soskov
*''
Calligonum eriopodum
''Calligonum'' is a genus of plants in the family Polygonaceae with about 80 species across the Mediterranean Sea region, Asia and North America.
Description
Plants of the genus ''Calligonum'' are shrubs, diffusely but irregularly branched, wi ...
''
Bunge
*''
Calligonum junceum
Calligonum junceum is a small shrub native to Central Asia and China, including the Kyzylkum Desert
The Kyzylkum Desert ( uz, Qizilqum, Қизилқум, قىزىلقۇم; kk, Қызылқұм, Qyzylqūm, قىزىلقۇم) is the 15th larges ...
''
(Fisch. & C.A.Mey.) Litv.
*''
Calligonum klementzii
''Calligonum'' is a genus of plants in the family Polygonaceae with about 80 species across the Mediterranean Sea region, Asia and North America.
Description
Plants of the genus ''Calligonum'' are shrubs, diffusely but irregularly branched, wi ...
''
Losinsk.
*''
Calligonum laristanicum
''Calligonum'' is a genus of plants in the family Polygonaceae with about 80 species across the Mediterranean Sea region, Asia and North America.
Description
Plants of the genus ''Calligonum'' are shrubs, diffusely but irregularly branched, wi ...
''
Rech.f. & Schiman-Czeika
*''
Calligonum leucocladum
''Calligonum leucocladum'' (many Synonym (taxonomy), synonyms including ''Calligonum elegans'') is a species of flowering plant in the family Polygonaceae. It is native to Central Asia (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekis ...
''
(Schrenk) Bunge
*''
Calligonum litwinowii''
Drobow
*''
Calligonum macrocarpum''
I.G.Borshch.
*''
Calligonum matteianum
''Calligonum'' is a genus of plants in the family Polygonaceae with about 80 species across the Mediterranean Sea region, Asia and North America.
Description
Plants of the genus ''Calligonum'' are shrubs, diffusely but irregularly branched, wi ...
''
Drobow
*''
Calligonum mejidum''
Al-Khayat
*''
Calligonum microcarpum''
I.G.Borshch.
*''
Calligonum mongolicum
''Calligonum'' is a genus of plants in the family Polygonaceae with about 80 species across the Mediterranean Sea region, Asia and North America.
Description
Plants of the genus ''Calligonum'' are shrubs, diffusely but irregularly branched, w ...
''
Turcz.
*''
Calligonum murex''
Bunge
*''
Calligonum polygonoides''
L.
*''
Calligonum rubicundum
''Calligonum'' is a genus of plants in the family Polygonaceae with about 80 species across the Mediterranean Sea region, Asia and North America.
Description
Plants of the genus ''Calligonum'' are shrubs, diffusely but irregularly branched, wi ...
''
Bunge
*''
Calligonum santoanum
''Calligonum'' is a genus of plants in the family Polygonaceae with about 80 species across the Mediterranean Sea region, Asia and North America.
Description
Plants of the genus ''Calligonum'' are shrubs, diffusely but irregularly branched, wi ...
''
Korovin
*''
Calligonum schizopterum
''Calligonum'' is a genus of plants in the family Polygonaceae with about 80 species across the Mediterranean Sea region, Asia and North America.
Description
Plants of the genus ''Calligonum'' are shrubs, diffusely but irregularly branched, wi ...
''
Rech.f. & Schiman-Czeika
*''
Calligonum setosum
''Calligonum'' is a genus of plants in the family Polygonaceae with about 80 species across the Mediterranean Sea region, Asia and North America.
Description
Plants of the genus ''Calligonum'' are shrubs, diffusely but irregularly branched, wi ...
''
(Litv.) Litv.
*''
Calligonum spinosetosum
''Calligonum'' is a genus of plants in the family Polygonaceae with about 80 species across the Mediterranean Sea region, Asia and North America.
Description
Plants of the genus ''Calligonum'' are shrubs, diffusely but irregularly branched, wi ...
''
Maassoumi & Batooli
*''
Calligonum taklimakanense
''Calligonum'' is a genus of plants in the family Polygonaceae with about 80 species across the Mediterranean Sea region, Asia and North America.
Description
Plants of the genus ''Calligonum'' are shrubs, diffusely but irregularly branched, wi ...
''
B.R.Pan & K.M.Shen
*''
Calligonum tetrapterum''
Jaub. & Spach
*''
Calligonum trifarium''
Z.M.Mao
*''
Calligonum triste''
Litv.
*''
Calligonum turbineum
''Calligonum'' is a genus of plants in the family Polygonaceae with about 80 species across the Mediterranean Sea region, Asia and North America.
Description
Plants of the genus ''Calligonum'' are shrubs, diffusely but irregularly branched, wi ...
''
Pavlov
References
{{Taxonbar, from=Q2988961
Polygonaceae genera
Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus