Calgranulin is an S100 calcium-binding protein that is expressed in multiple cell types, including

renal The kidneys are two reddish-brown bean-shaped organs found in vertebrates. They are located on the left and right in the retroperitoneal space, and in adult humans are about in length. They receive blood from the paired renal arteries; blood ...

epithelial cells Epithelium or epithelial tissue is one of the four basic types of animal tissue, along with connective tissue, muscle tissue and nervous tissue. It is a thin, continuous, protective layer of compactly packed cells with a little intercellula ...

and

neutrophils Neutrophils (also known as neutrocytes or heterophils) are the most abundant type of granulocytes and make up 40% to 70% of all white blood cells in humans. They form an essential part of the innate immune system, with their functions varying in ...

. The proteins

S100A8 S100 calcium-binding protein A8 (S100A8) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''S100A8'' gene. It is also known as calgranulin A. The proteins S100A8 and S100A9 form a heterodimer called calprotectin Calprotectin is a complex of the m ...

and

S100A9 S100 calcium-binding protein A9 (S100A9) also known as migration inhibitory factor-related protein 14 (MRP14) or calgranulin B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''S100A9'' gene. The proteins S100A8 and S100A9 form a heterodimer calle ...

form a

heterodimer In biochemistry, a protein dimer is a macromolecular complex formed by two protein monomers, or single proteins, which are usually non-covalently bound. Many macromolecules, such as proteins or nucleic acids, form dimers. The word ''dimer'' has ...

called

calprotectin Calprotectin is a complex of the mammalian proteins S100A8 and S100A9. Other names for calprotectin include MRP8-MRP14, calgranulin A and B, cystic fibrosis antigen, L1, 60BB antigen, and 27E10 antigen. The proteins exist as homodimers but preferen ...

Human genes

* ''

'' (calgranulin A) * ''

'' (calgranulin B) * ''

S100A12 S100 calcium-binding protein A12 (S100A12) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''S100A12'' gene. Human S100A12, also known as calgranulin C, was first described in 1995. The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the S100 family of ...

'' (calgranulin C)

Function

Some ''in vitro'' evidence suggests that calgranulin can inhibit the precipitation of

calcium oxalate Calcium oxalate (in archaic terminology, oxalate of lime) is a calcium salt of oxalic acid with the chemical formula . It forms hydrates , where ''n'' varies from 1 to 3. Anhydrous and all hydrated forms are colorless or white. The monohydrate ...

in a

urine Urine is a liquid by-product of metabolism in humans and in many other animals. Urine flows from the kidneys through the ureters to the urinary bladder. Urination results in urine being excretion, excreted from the body through the urethra. Cel ...

-like environment at calgranulin concentrations below physiological concentrations. Thus, it may also function ''in vivo'' as an inhibitor of calcium oxalate

kidney stone Kidney stone disease, also known as nephrolithiasis or urolithiasis, is a crystallopathy where a solid piece of material (kidney stone) develops in the urinary tract. Kidney stones typically form in the kidney and leave the body in the urine s ...

formation. However, the role of calgranulin in the stone formation process has not been evaluated.

References

External links

* * {{Portal bar, Biology S100 proteins

Human genes

Function

See also

References

External links