''Calappa'' is a

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...

crab Crabs are decapod crustaceans of the infraorder Brachyura, which typically have a very short projecting "tail" (abdomen) ( el, βραχύς , translit=brachys = short, / = tail), usually hidden entirely under the thorax. They live in all the ...

s known commonly as box crabs or shame-faced crabs. The name ''box crab'' comes from their distinctly bulky

carapace A carapace is a Dorsum (biology), dorsal (upper) section of the exoskeleton or shell in a number of animal groups, including arthropods, such as crustaceans and arachnids, as well as vertebrates, such as turtles and tortoises. In turtles and tor ...

, and the name ''shame-faced'' is from anthropomorphising the way the crab's

chelae A chela ()also called a claw, nipper, or pinceris a pincer (biology), pincer-like organ at the end of certain limbs of some arthropods. The name comes from Ancient Greek , through New Latin '. The plural form is chelae. Legs bearing a chela are ...

(claws) fold up and cover its face, as if it were hiding its face in shame.

Species

There are 43 extant species in the genus: *'' Calappa acutispina'' Lai, Chan & Ng, 2006 *'' Calappa africana'' Lai & Ng, 2006 *'' Calappa bicornis'' Miers, 1884 *'' Calappa bilineata'' Ng, Lai & Aungtonya, 2002 *''

Calappa calappa ''Calappa calappa'', also known as the smooth box crab or red-spotted box crab, is a tropical marine species of crab with an Indo-Pacific distribution, and showing great variability in its patterning and colouration. First described as ''Cancer c ...

'' (Linnaeus, 1758) *'' Calappa capellonis'' Laurie, 1906 *'' Calappa cinerea'' Holthuis, 1958 *'' Calappa clypeata'' Borradaile, 1903 *'' Calappa conifera'' Galil, 1997 *'' Calappa convexa'' Saussure, 1853 *'' Calappa dumortieri'' Guinot, 1962 *'' Calappa exanthematosa'' Alcock & Anderson, 1894 *'' Calappa flammea'' (Herbst, 1794) *'' Calappa galloides'' Stimpson, 1859 *''

Calappa gallus ''Calappa gallus'', common name rough box crab, or lumpy box crab, and Hawaiian name poki poki, is a benthic species of box crab in the family Calappidae Calappidae is a family of crabs containing 16 genera, of which 7 are only known as fos ...

'' (Herbst, 1803) *''

Calappa granulata ''Calappa'' may refer to: * ''Calappa'' (crab), a genus of crabs, including the box crab * ''Calappa'', a genus of palms in the family Arecaceae; synonym of '' Cocos'' {{Genus disambiguation ...

'' ( Linnaeus,

1758 Events January–March * January 1 – Swedish biologist Carl Linnaeus (Carl von Linné) publishes in Stockholm the first volume (''Animalia'') of the 10th edition of Systema Naturae, 10th edition of ''Systema Naturae'', the sta ...

) *'' Calappa guerini'' De Brito Capello, 1871 *''

Calappa hepatica ''Calappa hepatica'', the reef box crab, is a common benthic species of Calappa (crab), box crab of Tropics, tropical and subtropical parts of the Indian Ocean, Indian and Pacific Oceans and the Red Sea. Description ''Calappa hepatica'' grows to ...

'' (Linnaeus, 1758) *''

Calappa japonica ''Calappa japonica'', also known as the Japanese shame-faced crab, is a marine species of box crab in the family Calappidae. Originally found in the waters around Japan, more recently it has been found in Africa, the Red Sea and Western Austral ...

'' Ortmann, 1892 *'' Calappa karenae'' Ng & Lai, 2012 *'' Calappa liaoi'' Ng, 2002 *'' Calappa lophos'' (Herbst, 1782) *'' Calappa monilicanthus'' Latreille, 1812 *'' Calappa nitida'' Galil, 1997 *'' Calappa ocellata'' Holthuis, 1958 *'' Calappa ocularia'' Holthuis, 1958 *'' Calappa pelii'' Herklots, 1851 *'' Calappa philargius'' (Linnaeus, 1758) *'' Calappa pokipoki'' Ng, 2000 *'' Calappa pustulosa'' Alcock, 1896 *'' Calappa quadrimaculata'' Takeda & Shikatani, 1990 *'' Calappa rosea'' Jarocki, 1825 *'' Calappa rubroguttata'' Herklots, 1851 *'' Calappa sebastieni'' Galil, 1997 *'' Calappa springeri'' Rathbun, 1931 *'' Calappa sulcata'' Rathbun, 1898 *'' Calappa tortugae'' Rathbun, 1933 *'' Calappa torulosa'' Galil, 1997 *'' Calappa tuberculata'' (Fabricius, 1793) *'' Calappa tuerkayana'' Pastore, 1995 *'' Calappa undulata'' Dai & Yang, 1991 *'' Calappa woodmasoni'' Alcock, 1896 *'' Calappa yamasitae'' Sakai, 1980 Image:Calappidae - Calappa calappa.JPG, ''

'' Image:Flame Box Crab.jpg, '' Calappa flammea'' Image:Calappa gallus (exuvie).JPG, ''

'' Image:Calappa granulata.jpg, ''

'' Image:Calappa hepatica.JPG, ''

'' Image:Calappa japonica.jpg, ''

'' Image:Specimen of Calappa lophos-2.JPG, '' Calappa lophos'' Image:Calappa philargius female.jpg, '' Calappa philargius'' Image:Calappa sulcata.jpg, '' Calappa sulcata''

Extinct species

A further 18 species are known only from fossils.Fossilworks
/ref> *''Calappa chungii'' Hu and Tao 1985 *''Calappa costaricana'' Rathbun 1918 *''Calappa earlei'' Withers 1924 *''Calappa heberti'' Brocchi 1883 *''Calappa lanensis'' Rathbun 1926 *''Calappa laraensis'' Van Straelen 1933 *''Calappa madoerensis'' Van Straelen 1938 *''Calappa oboui'' Hu and Tao 1996 *''Calappa pavimenta'' Schweitzer et al. 2006 *''Calappa praelata'' Lorenthey 1929 *''Calappa protopustulosa'' Noetling 1901 *''Calappa restricta'' Milne-Edwards 1873 *''Calappa robertsi'' Ross 1964 *''Calappa sahelensis'' Van Straelen 1936 *''Calappa sangiranensis'' Van Straelen 1938 *''Calappa sexapinosa'' Morris and Collins 1991 *''Calappa zinsmeisteri'' Feldmann and Wilson 1988 *''Calappa zurcheri'' Bouvier 1899 Fossils of within this genus can be found in sediment of

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and

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from

Paleogene The Paleogene ( ; British English, also spelled Palaeogene or Palæogene; informally Lower Tertiary or Early Tertiary) is a geologic period, geologic period and system that spans 43 million years from the end of the Cretaceous Period million yea ...

to recent (age range: 33.9 to 0.0 Ma).

References

External links

* Calappoidea Paleogene first appearances {{Crab-stub