Calanoida is an order of

copepod Copepods (; meaning "oar-feet") are a group of small crustaceans found in nearly every freshwater and saltwater habitat (ecology), habitat. Some species are planktonic (inhabiting sea waters), some are benthos, benthic (living on the ocean floor) ...

s, a group of arthropods commonly found as

zooplankton Zooplankton are the animal component of the planktonic community ("zoo" comes from the Greek word for ''animal''). Plankton are aquatic organisms that are unable to swim effectively against currents, and consequently drift or are carried along by ...

. The order includes around 46 families with about 1800 species of both marine and

freshwater Fresh water or freshwater is any naturally occurring liquid or frozen water containing low concentrations of dissolved salts and other total dissolved solids. Although the term specifically excludes seawater and brackish water, it does include ...

s between them.

Description

Calanoids can be distinguished from other planktonic copepods by having first antennae at least half the length of the body and biramous second antennae. However, their most distinctive anatomical trait is the presence of a joint between the fifth and sixth body segments. The largest specimens reach long, but most do not exceed long.

Classification

Calanoida contains the following families, as well as the genus '' Microdisseta'' (which is currently ''

incertae sedis ' () or ''problematica'' is a term used for a taxonomic group where its broader relationships are unknown or undefined. Alternatively, such groups are frequently referred to as "enigmatic taxa". In the system of open nomenclature, uncertain ...

''); * Acartiidae *

Aetideidae Aetideidae is a family of copepods belonging to the order Calanoida. Genera Genera: * ''Aetideopsis'' Sars, 1903 * ''Aetideus'' Brady, 1883 * ''Aetidius'' Brady, 1883 References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q3606128 Copepods ...

* Arctokonstantinidae * Arietellidae *

Augaptilidae Augaptilidae is a family of copepods, comprising the following genera: *'' Alrhabdus'' Grice, 1973 *'' Augaptilina'' G. O. Sars, 1920 *'' Augaptilus'' Giesbrecht, 1889 *'' Centraugaptilus'' G. O. Sars, 1920 *''Euaugaptilus ''Euaugaptilus'' is ...

* Bathypontiidae *

Calanidae Calanidae is the largest taxonomic family of calanoid copepods. It includes the genus ''Calanus'', which may be the most abundant metazoan genus on Earth. Copepods of the genera ''Calanus'' and '' Neocalanus'' are ecologically important in the ...

Calocalanidae Paracalanidae is a family Family (from la, familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its ...

* Candaciidae *

Centropagidae Centropagidae is a family of copepods in the order Calanoida. Its members are particularly known as plankton in coastal waters and in fresh water in Australia and southern South America. They are also found on subantarctic islands and in lake ...

* Clausocalanidae *

Diaixidae Diaixidae is a family of copepods belonging to the order Calanoida. Genera: * '' Anawekia'' Othman & Greenwood, 1994 * '' Diaixis'' Sars, 1902 * '' Pogonura'' Komeda & Ohtsuka, 2020 * '' Procenognatha'' Markhaseva & Schulz, 2010 * '' Ranthaxus ...

Diaptomidae Diaptomidae is a family of freshwater pelagic copepods. It includes around 50 genera: *''Acanthodiaptomus'' Kiefer, 1932 *''Aglaodiaptomus'' Light, 1938 *''Allodiaptomus'' Kiefer, 1936 *''Arctodiaptomus'' Kiefer, 1932 *''Argyrodiaptomus'' Breh ...

Discoidae Discoidae is a family of crustaceans Crustaceans (Crustacea, ) form a large, diverse arthropod taxon which includes such animals as decapods, seed shrimp, branchiopods, fish lice, krill, remipedes, isopods, barnacles, copepods, amphipod ...

Epacteriscidae Epacteriscidae is a family of copepods belonging to the order Calanoida. Genera Genera: * '' Azygonectes'' Fosshagen & Iliffe, 2004 * '' Balinella'' Fosshagen, Boxshall & Iliffe, 2001 * '' Bofuriella'' Fosshagen, Boxshall & Iliffe, 2001 ...

Eucalanidae Eucalanidae is a family of copepods belonging to the order Calanoida. Genera: * '' Eucalanus'' Dana, 1852 * '' Pareucalanus'' Geletin, 1976 References {{Taxonbar, from=Q6552116 Copepods ...

Euchaetidae Euchaetidae is a family of marine copepods. The family is cosmopolitan and occurs in all the oceans, including the Southern and Arctic Oceans. Euchaetidae are medium to large-sized copepods. Genera There are two genera with in total 114 species ...

Fosshageniidae Fosshageniidae is a family of crustaceans Crustaceans (Crustacea, ) form a large, diverse arthropod taxon which includes such animals as decapods, seed shrimp, branchiopods, fish lice, krill, remipedes, isopods, barnacles, copepods, amp ...

Heterorhabdidae Heterorhabdidae is a family of copepods belonging to the order Calanoida. Genera: * '' Disseta'' Giesbrecht, 1889 * '' Hemirhabdus'' Wolfenden, 1911 * '' Heterohabdus'' * '' Heterorhabdus'' Giesbrecht, 1898 * '' Heterostylites'' Sars, 1920 * ' ...

Hyperbionychidae Hyperbionycidae is a family of crustaceans Crustaceans (Crustacea, ) form a large, diverse arthropod taxon which includes such animals as decapods, seed shrimp, branchiopods, fish lice, krill, remipedes, isopods, barnacles, copepods, am ...

Lucicutiidae Lucicutiidae is a family of copepods belonging to the order Calanoida. Genera: * '' Lucicutia'' Giesbrecht, 1898 References Copepods {{Calanoida-stub ...

Mecynoceridae Paracalanidae is a family Family (from la, familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its ...

* Megacalanidae * Mesaiokeratidae * Metridinidae * Nullosetigeridae *

Paracalanidae Paracalanidae is a family Family (from la, familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its ...

* Parapontellidae * Parkiidae *

Phaennidae Phaennidae is a family of planktonic copepods, found in pelagic or benthopelagic waters. It contains the following genera: * '' Brachycalanus'' Farran, 1905 * '' Cephalophanes'' Sars, 1907 * '' Cornucalanus'' Wolfenden, 1905 * '' Kirnesius'' Mar ...

* Phyllopodidae *

Pontellidae Pontellidae is a family of copepods in the order Calanoida Calanoida is an order of copepods, a group of arthropods commonly found as zooplankton. The order includes around 46 families with about 1800 species of both marine and freshwater cop ...

* Pseudocyclopidae (syn: Boholinidae) * Pseudocyclopiidae *

Pseudodiaptomidae Pseudodiaptomidae is a family of crustaceans belonging to the order Calanoida. Genera: * ''Archidiaptomus'' Madhupratap & Haridas, 1978 * ''Calanipeda'' Krichagin, 1873 * ''Parapoppella'' Sars, 2020 * ''Pseudodiaptomus'' Herrick, 1884 Reference ...

* Ridgewayiidae * Ryocalanidae * Scolecitrichidae * Spinocalanidae * Stephidae * Subeucalanidae * Sulcanidae *

Temoridae Temoridae is a family Family (from la, familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its mem ...

Tharybidae Tharybidae is a family of copepods belonging to the order Calanoida. Genera: * '' Neoscolecithrix'' Canu, 1896 * '' Parundinella'' Fleminger, 1957 * '' Rythabis'' Schulz & Beckmann, 1995 * '' Tharybis'' Sars, 1902 * '' Undinella'' Sars, 1900 ...

* Tortanidae

Ecology

Calanoid copepods are the dominant animals in the

plankton Plankton are the diverse collection of organisms found in Hydrosphere, water (or atmosphere, air) that are unable to propel themselves against a Ocean current, current (or wind). The individual organisms constituting plankton are called plankt ...

in many parts of the world's oceans, making up 55%–95% of plankton samples. They are therefore important in many food webs, taking in energy from

phytoplankton Phytoplankton () are the autotrophic (self-feeding) components of the plankton community and a key part of ocean and freshwater ecosystems. The name comes from the Greek words (), meaning 'plant', and (), meaning 'wanderer' or 'drifter'. Ph ...

and

algae Algae (; singular alga ) is an informal term for a large and diverse group of photosynthetic eukaryotic organisms. It is a polyphyletic grouping that includes species from multiple distinct clades. Included organisms range from unicellular mic ...

and 'repackaging' it for consumption by higher

trophic level The trophic level of an organism is the position it occupies in a food web. A food chain is a succession of organisms that eat other organisms and may, in turn, be eaten themselves. The trophic level of an organism is the number of steps it ...

predators. Many commercial fish are dependent on calanoid copepods for diet in either their

larva A larva (; plural larvae ) is a distinct juvenile form many animals undergo before metamorphosis into adults. Animals with indirect development such as insects, amphibians, or cnidarians typically have a larval phase of their life cycle. The ...

l or adult forms. Baleen whales such as bowhead whales,

sei whale The sei whale ( , ; ''Balaenoptera borealis'') is a baleen whale, the third-largest rorqual after the blue whale and the fin whale. It inhabits most oceans and adjoining seas, and prefers deep offshore waters. It avoids polar and tropical ...

s, right whales and

fin whale The fin whale (''Balaenoptera physalus''), also known as finback whale or common rorqual and formerly known as herring whale or razorback whale, is a cetacean belonging to the parvorder of baleen whales. It is the second-longest species of ce ...

s rely substantially on calanoid copepods as a food source.

References

External links

* *
Calanoida fact sheet – guide to the marine zooplankton of south eastern Australia

Classification of Calanoida

Key to calanoid copepod families
{{Taxonbar, from=Q478553 Crustacean orders