''Caladenia pholcoidea'' subsp. ''pholcoidea'', commonly known as the Albany spider orchid, is a plant in the orchid family Orchidaceae and is endemic to the

south-west The points of the compass are a set of horizontal, radially arrayed compass directions (or azimuths) used in navigation and cartography. A compass rose is primarily composed of four cardinal directions—north, east, south, and west—each se ...

of Western Australia. It has a single hairy leaf and up to four pale yellow flowers with long drooping

petal Petals are modified Leaf, leaves that surround the reproductive parts of flowers. They are often advertising coloration, brightly colored or unusually shaped to attract pollinators. All of the petals of a flower are collectively known as the ''c ...

s and lateral sepals.

Description

''Caladenia pholcoidea'' subsp. ''pholcoidea'' is a terrestrial, perennial, deciduous,

herb In general use, herbs are a widely distributed and widespread group of plants, excluding vegetables and other plants consumed for macronutrients, with savory or aromatic properties that are used for flavoring and garnishing food, for medicinal ...

with an underground tuber and a single erect, hairy leaf, long and wide. Up to four pale yellow flowers long and wide are borne on a spike tall. The sepals and

s have long, brown, drooping, thread-like tips. The dorsal sepal curves forward and is long and about wide. The lateral sepals are long and wide, spreading or turned downwards near their bases but then drooping. The petals are long and wide and arranged like the lateral sepals. The labellum is long, wide and white or cream coloured. The sides of the labellum curve upwards and have erect teeth up to long on their sides and the tip of the labellum curves downwards. There are four or more rows of pink calli along the centre of the labellum. Flowering occurs from November to early January.

Taxonomy and naming

''Caladenia pholcoidea'' was first described in 2001 by

Stephen Hopper Stephen Donald Hopper AC FLS FTSE (born 18 June 1951) is a Western Australian botanist. He graduated in Biology, specialising in conservation biology and vascular plants. Hopper has written eight books, and has over 200 publications to his n ...

and

Andrew Phillip Brown Andrew Phillip Brown (born 1951) is a conservation biologist and taxonomist at the Western Australian Department of Environment and Conservation. He is also curator of Orchidaceae and Myoporaceae Myoporaceae was a family of plants, found mostly ...

and the description was published in '' Nuytsia''. At the same time they described two subspecies, including subspecies ''pholcoidea''. The

specific epithet In taxonomy, binomial nomenclature ("two-term naming system"), also called nomenclature ("two-name naming system") or binary nomenclature, is a formal system of naming species of living things by giving each a name composed of two parts, bot ...

(''pholcoidea'') refers to the similarity of the flowers to the common spider '' Pholcus phalangioides''. The suffix ''-oidea'' means "likeness" in Latin.

Distribution and habitat

The Albany spider orchid is found between Albany and Augusta in the Esperance Plains, Jarrah Forest and

Warren A warren is a network of wild rodent or lagomorph, typically rabbit burrows. Domestic warrens are artificial, enclosed establishment of animal husbandry dedicated to the raising of rabbits for meat and fur. The term evolved from the medieval Angl ...

biogeographic regions A biogeographic realm or ecozone is the broadest biogeographic division of Earth's land surface, based on distributional patterns of terrestrial organisms. They are subdivided into bioregions, which are further subdivided into ecoregions. De ...

where it usually grows around the edges of winter-wet swamps.

Conservation

''Caladenia pholcoidea'' subsp. ''pholcoidea'' is classified as "not threatened" by the Western Australian Government

Department of Parks and Wildlife The Department of Parks and Wildlife (DPaW) was the department of the Government of Western Australia responsible for managing lands described in the ''Conservation and Land Management Act 1984'' and implementing the state's conservation and e ...

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q26211631 pholcoidea Endemic orchids of Australia Orchids of Western Australia Plants described in 2001 Taxa named by Stephen Hopper Taxa named by Andrew Phillip Brown