''Caecum'' is a

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...

of minute

sea snail Sea snail is a common name for slow-moving marine gastropod molluscs, usually with visible external shells, such as whelk or abalone. They share the taxonomic class Gastropoda with slugs, which are distinguished from snails primarily by the ...

marine Marine is an adjective meaning of or pertaining to the sea or ocean. Marine or marines may refer to: Ocean * Maritime (disambiguation) * Marine art * Marine biology * Marine debris * Marine habitats * Marine life * Marine pollution Military * ...

gastropod The gastropods (), commonly known as snails and slugs, belong to a large taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda (). This class comprises snails and slugs from saltwater, from freshwater, and from land. T ...

micromolluscs or

micromollusk A micromollusk is a shelled mollusk which is extremely small, even at full adult size. The word is usually, but not exclusively, applied to marine mollusks, although in addition, numerous species of land snails and freshwater mollusks also ...

s in the family

Caecidae Caecidae is a taxonomic family of very small and minute sea snails or micromolluscs, marine gastropod molluscs in the order Littorinimorpha.Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S. (2013). Caecidae. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http ...

or blind shells.

Distribution

This genus occurs worldwide in warm and temperate seas. Many species live in sponges, in sandy spots on reefs, or in grassy beds in shallow waters in bays and lagoons. Some species are very common and can be extremely numerous where they do occur, such as the "beautiful caecum"(''Caecum pulchellum''), but even they can be easily overlooked as they are so tiny. Many species are considered to be uncommon, but this assessment may be a result of lack of proper sampling.

Shell description

The shells in this genus, like the others in the family, are very small with a length between 2 mm and 6 mm. Their colour is white to yellowish white and some are almost translucent. They are unusual in that the

teleoconch The gastropod shell is part of the body of a gastropod or snail, a kind of mollusc. The shell is an exoskeleton, which protects from predators, mechanical damage, and dehydration, but also serves for muscle attachment and calcium storage. Some ...

of the adult shell is a curving tube for most of its length. In the first stage of the shell it is spiral-shaped but soon becomes cylindrical. The shell is sealed with a permanent

calcareous Calcareous () is an adjective meaning "mostly or partly composed of calcium carbonate", in other words, containing lime or being chalky. The term is used in a wide variety of scientific disciplines. In zoology ''Calcareous'' is used as an adje ...

plug at one end and (when the animal has withdrawn into the shell) with a circular, multispiral, horny operculum at the other end, the shell

aperture In optics, an aperture is a hole or an opening through which light travels. More specifically, the aperture and focal length of an optical system determine the cone angle of a bundle of rays that come to a focus in the image plane. An opt ...

. The

sculpture Sculpture is the branch of the visual arts that operates in three dimensions. Sculpture is the three-dimensional art work which is physically presented in the dimensions of height, width and depth. It is one of the plastic arts. Durable sc ...

is smooth or consists of a close-set, large number of annular ridges.

Feeding habits

These snails feed on one-celled organisms on sand grains or pebbles.

Species

Species in the genus ''Caecum'' include: * † '' Caecum aartseni'' Van Dingenen, Ceulemans & Landau, 2016 * '' Caecum achirona'' (de Folin, 1867) * '' Caecum adamsi'' Raines, 2020 * '' Caecum amputatum'' Ch. Hedley, 1894 * '' Caecum amydroglyptum'' Rehder, 1980 * '' Caecum angustum'' de Folin, 1879 * '' Caecum annulatum'' Emmons, 1858 * '' Caecum antillarum''

Carpenter Carpentry is a skilled trade and a craft in which the primary work performed is the cutting, shaping and installation of building materials during the construction of buildings, Shipbuilding, ships, timber bridges, concrete formwork, etc. ...

, 1858 - Antillean caecum * '' Caecum arabicum'' Issel, 1869 * '' Caecum armoricum'' de Folin, 1869 - De Folin's lagoon snail. This species is fully protected in the United Kingdom under the

Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 The Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 is an Act of Parliament in the United Kingdom implemented to comply with European Council Directive 79/409/EEC on the conservation of wild birds. In short, the act gives protection to native species (especia ...

since 1992. * '' Caecum atlantidis'' R. B. Watson, 1897 * '' Caecum attenuatum'' de Folin, 1879 * '' Caecum auriculatum'' de Folin, 1868 * '' Caecum austrafricanum'' Vannozzi, Pizzini & Raines, 2015 * '' Caecum australe'' Pizzini & Raines, 2011 * '' Caecum bathus'' Pizzini, Raines & Vannozzi, 2013 * † '' Caecum benhami'' Goedert & Raines, 2016 * † '' Caecum bensoni'' Goedert & Raines, 2016 * '' Caecum beaufortensis'' Ward and Blackwelder 1987 * '' Caecum bimamillatum'' de Folin, 1867 * '' Caecum bimarginatum'' Carpenter, 1859 * '' Caecum bipartitum'' de Folin, 1870 * '' Caecum borneoense'' de Folin, 1867 * '' Caecum bounty'' Pizzini & Raines, 2011 * '' Caecum brasilicum'' de Folin, 1874 * '' Caecum brennani'' Raines & Pizzini, 2009 * '' Caecum breve'' de Folin, 1867 * '' Caecum bucerium'' Golikov, 1967 * '' Caecum californicum'' Dall, 1885 - California caecum * '' Caecum calvertense'' Martin, 1904 * '' Caecum campanulatum'' Raines & Pizzini, 2005 * '' Caecum campe'' Pilsbry and Olsson, 1941 * '' Caecum carolinianum'' Dall, 1892 - Carolina caecum * † '' Caecum carpenteri'' Deshayes, 1861 * '' Caecum caverna'' Moolenbeek, Faber & Iliffe, 1989 * '' Caecum chilense'' Stuardo, 1962 * '' Caecum chinense'' de Folin, 1879 * '' Caecum chipolanum'' Gardner, 1947 * '' Caecum cinctum'' Olsson & Harbison, 1953 * '' Caecum circumvolutum'' de Folin, 1867 * '' Caecum clarkii'' P. P. Carpenter, 1858 * '' Caecum clarum'' Lamy, 1910 x de Folin MS/small> * '' Caecum clathratum'' P. P. Carpenter, 1857 * '' Caecum clava'' de Folin, 1867 - club caecum * '' Caecum cocoense'' Sibaja-Cordero, García-Méndez & Troncoso, 2013 * '' Caecum codoceoae'' Gálvez & Huidobro, 2017 * '' Caecum condylum'' Moore, 1969 - bone caecum * '' Caecum continens'' Van der Linden & Moolenbeek, 2000 * '' Caecum cooki'' Pizzini & Raines, 2011 * '' Caecum cooperi'' S. I. Smith, 1860 - Cooper's Atlantic caecum * '' Caecum corrugatulum'' Carpenter, 1857 * '' Caecum crassum'' de Folin, 1870 * '' Caecum crebricinctum''

, 1864 - many-named caecum * '' Caecum crispum'' A. E. Verrill &

Bush Bush commonly refers to: * Shrub, a small or medium woody plant Bush, Bushes, or the bush may also refer to: People * Bush (surname), including any of several people with that name **Bush family, a prominent American family that includes: *** ...

, 1900 * '' Caecum crystallinum'' de Folin, 1880 * '' Caecum cubitatum'' (de Folin, 1868) - smooth caecum * '' Caecum cuspidatum'' Chaster, 1896 * '' Caecum cycloferum'' de Folin, 1867 - fatlip caecum * '' Caecum dakuwaqa'' Pizzini, Raines & Vannozzi, 2013 * '' Caecum dalli'' Bartsch, 1920 * '' Caecum danielei'' Pizzini & Raines, 2011 * '' Caecum debile'' A. E. Verrill &

, 1900 * '' Caecum delicatulum'' A. E. Verrill &

, 1900 * '' Caecum derjugini'' Golikov, 1967 * '' Caecum dextroversum'' P. P. Carpenter, 1858 * '' Caecum digitulum'' Hedley, 1904 * '' Caecum diminutum'' C. B. Adams, 1852 * '' Caecum directum'' Vannozzi, 2019 * '' Caecum donmoorei'' Mitchell-Tapping, 1979 * '' Caecum draperi'' Raines, 2020 * '' Caecum dux'' de Folin, 1871 * '' Caecum eburneum'' C. B. Adams, 1852 * '' Caecum egenum'' Vannozzi, 2017 * '' Caecum elegantissimum'' Carpenter, 1859 * '' Caecum eliezeri'' Absalao, 1997 * '' Caecum elongatum'' P. P. Carpenter, 1857 *'' Caecum engli'' Nofroni, Pizzini, Oliverio, 1997 * '' Caecum eunoi'' Nofroni, Pizzini, Oliverio, 1997 * '' Caecum exile'' de Folin, 1875 * '' Caecum farcimen'' P. P. Carpenter, 1857 * '' Caecum fijiense'' Pizzini, Raines & Vannozzi, 2013 * '' Caecum firmatum'' C. B. Adams, 1852 * '' Caecum floridanum'' Stimpson, 1851 - Florida caecum * '' Caecum folini'' Kisch, 1959 * '' Caecum frugi'' Vannozzi, 2019 * '' Caecum galapagoense'' Raines, 2020 * '' Caecum geigeri'' Pizzini & Raines, 2011 * '' Caecum glabellum'' A. Adams, 1868 * '' Caecum glabriforme'' Carpenter, 1857 * ''

Caecum glabrum ''Caecum glabrum'' is a species of minute sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk or micromollusk in the family Family (from la, familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or ...

'' (Montagu, 1803) * '' Caecum gofasi'' Pizzini & Nofroni, 2001 * '' Caecum granulatum'' Vannozzi, 2019 * '' Caecum greensboroense'' Martin, 1904 * '' Caecum gulosum'' Hedley, 1899 * '' Caecum gurgulio''

, 1858 - windpipe caecum * '' Caecum hemphilli'' Bartsch, 1920 * '' Caecum heptagonum'' (Bartsch, 1920) * '' Caecum heterochromum'' Raines & Pizzini, 2005 * '' Caecum hyalinum'' Vannozzi, 2022 * '' Caecum imbricatum''

, 1858 - imbricate caecum * '' Caecum incisum'' Vannozzi, Pizzini & Raines, 2015 * '' Caecum imperforatum'' Kanamacher, 1798 (''nomen dubium'') * '' Caecum inclinatum'' de Folin, 1869 * '' Caecum infimum'' de Folin, 1867 * '' Caecum inflatulum'' Vannozzi, 2017 * '' Caecum inflatum'' de Folin, 1867 * '' Caecum inhacaense'' Albano & Pizzini 2011 * '' Caecum insculptum'' Carpenter, 1857 * '' Caecum insularum'' Moore, 1969 * '' Caecum intortum'' Vannozzi, Pizzini & Raines, 2015 * '' Caecum japonicum'' (Habe, 1978) * '' Caecum johnsoni'' Winkley, 1908 * '' Caecum jonatani'' Espinosa, Ortea & Fernandez-Garcés, 2007 * '' Caecum jucundum'' de Folin, 1867 * '' Caecum knysnaense'' Vannozzi, Pizzini & Raines, 2015 * '' Caecum kontiki'' Pizzini & Raines, 2011 * '' Caecum laeve'' C.B. Adams, 1852 * '' Caecum lapita'' Pizzini, Raines & Vannozzi, 2013 * '' Caecum laqueatum'' C. B. Adams, 1852 * † '' Caecum larieyense'' Lozouet, Lesport & Renard, 2001 * '' Caecum leilae'' Vannozzi, Pizzini & Raines, 2015 * '' Caecum lightfootanum'' Raines, 2020 * '' Caecum limnetes'' Long, 1972 * '' Caecum limpidum'' de Folin, 1874 * '' Caecum lindae'' Vannozzi, Pizzini & Raines, 2015 * '' Caecum lineicinctum'' de Folin, 1880 * '' Caecum liratocinctum''

, 1857 * '' Caecum lohri'' Strong & Hertlein, 1939 * '' Caecum loyaltense'' Pizzini, Raines & Vannozzi, 2013 * '' Caecum lucidum'' de Folin, 1867 * '' Caecum macrum'' Van der Linden & Moolenbeek, 2000 * '' Caecum maestratii'' Pizzini, Raines & Vannozzi, 2013 * '' Caecum magellanicum'' di Geronimo, Privitera & Valdovinos, 1995 * '' Caecum malleatum'' de Folin, 1867 * † '' Caecum mammillatum'' S. V. Wood, 1848 * '' Caecum maori'' Pizzini & Raines, 2006 * '' Caecum maraisi'' Vannozzi, Pizzini & Raines, 2015 * '' Caecum marginatum'' de Folin, 1869 * '' Caecum marmoratum'' de Folin, 1869 * '' Caecum massambabense'' Absalao, 1994 * '' Caecum mauritianum'' de Folin, 1867 * '' Caecum metamorphosicum'' S. Lima, Santos & Absalão, 2013 * '' Caecum mexicanum'' Collins, 1937 * '' Caecum microstriatum'' Pizzini, Raines & Vannozzi, 2013 * † '' Caecum mineuri'' Lozouet, 1999 * '' Caecum mirificum'' de Folin, 1867 * '' Caecum modestum'' de Folin, 1867 * '' Caecum monstrosum'' C. B. Adams, 1852 * '' Caecum moorei'' (Marincovich, 1973) * '' Caecum morgan'' Vannozzi, Pizzini & Raines, 2015 * '' Caecum multicostatum'' de Folin, 1867 * '' Caecum musorstomi'' Pizzini, Raines & Vannozzi, 2013 * '' Caecum nasutum'' Vannozzi, 2019 * † '' Caecum nemoralis'' Lozouet, 2015 * '' Caecum neocaledonicum'' de Folin, 1867 * '' Caecum neoguineanum'' Vannozzi, 2019 * '' Caecum nofronii'' Vannozzi, 2019 * '' Caecum oahuense'' H. A. Pilsbry, 1921 * '' Caecum obtusum'' Carpenter, 1857 * '' Caecum occidentale'' (Bartsch, 1920) - western caecum * '' Caecum orcutti'' ( Dall, 1885) * '' Caecum paradoxum'' de Folin, 1867 * '' Caecum parvum'' C. B. Adams, 1852 * '' Caecum pascuanum'' Raines & Pizzini, 2005 * † '' Caecum pertenuis'' Laws, 1941 * '' Caecum planum'' de Folin, 1874 * '' Caecum patuxentium'' Martin, 1904 * '' Caecum plicatum''

, 1858 - plicate caecum * '' Caecum pollicare'' Carpenter, 1859 * '' Caecum praegrande'' Vannozzi, 2017 * '' Caecum profundicolum'' Bartsch, 1920 - deepwater caecum * '' Caecum properegulare'' Mansfield, 1925 * '' Caecum pulchellum'' Stimpson, 1851 - beautiful caecum * '' Caecum pygmaeum'' C. B. Adams, 1852 * '' Caecum quadratum'' P. P. Carpenter, 1857 * '' Caecum rapanuiense'' Raines & Pizzini, 2005 * '' Caecum regulare''

, 1858 * '' Caecum rehderi'' Raines & Pizzini, 2005 * '' Caecum reversum'' Carpenter, 1857 * '' Caecum richthofeni'' A. M. Strong & J. G. Hertlein, 1939 * '' Caecum rijgersmai'' Jong & Coomans, 1988 * '' Caecum rolani'' Pizzini & Nofroni, 2001 * '' Caecum rosanum'' Bartsch, 1920 * '' Caecum rostratum'' de Folin, 1881 * '' Caecum ruggerii'' Pizzini, 1997 * '' Caecum rugulosum'' Phil, 1836 * '' Caecum ryssotitum'' de Folin, 1867 - minute caecum * '' Caecum searleswoodii'' Carpenter, 1859 * '' Caecum semilaeve'' Carpenter, 1857 * '' Caecum senegambianum'' de Folin, 1870 * '' Caecum sepimentum'' de Folin, 1868 * '' Caecum shaskyi'' Raines, 2020 * '' Caecum simplicissimum'' Thiele, 1925 * '' Caecum sinuatum'' de Folin, 1867 * '' Caecum skoglundae'' Pizzini, Raines & Nofroni, 2007 * '' Caecum smriglioi'' Pizzini, Nofroni & Bonfitto, 2008 * '' Caecum someri'' (de Folin, 1867) * '' Caecum spiculum'' Raines, 2020 * '' Caecum striatum'' de Folin, 1875 * '' Caecum strictum'' de Folin, 1871 * '' Caecum strigosum'' de Folin, 1868 * '' Caecum subannulatum'' de Folin, 1870 * '' Caecum subaustrale'' Stuardo, 1970 * '' Caecum subconicum'' Carpenter, 1857 * '' Caecum subcylindratum'' Pizzini, Raines & Vannozzi, 2013 * '' Caecum subflavum'' de Folin, 1879 * '' Caecum subimpressum'' P. P. Carpenter, 1857 * '' Caecum subobsoletum'' Carpenter, 1857 * '' Caecum subornatum'' de Folin, 1874 * '' Caecum subspirale'' Carpenter, 1857 * '' Caecum subquadratum'' Carpenter, 1859 * '' Caecum subspirale'' Carpenter, 1857 * '' Caecum subvolutum'' de Folin, 1874 * '' Caecum succineum'' de Folin, 1879 * '' Caecum swinneni'' Nofroni, Pizzini, Oliverio, 1997 * '' Caecum taeniatum'' de Folin, 1869 * '' Caecum tahitianum'' Pizzini & Raines, 2011 * '' Caecum tenue'' Verrill & Bush, 1900 * '' Caecum tenuicostatum'' de Folin, 1881 * '' Caecum tenuiliratum'' Carpenter, 1857 * † '' Caecum tenuistriatum'' O. Boettger, 1869 * '' Caecum teres'' Carpenter, 1857 * '' Caecum textile'' de Folin, 1867 - textile caecum * '' Caecum tornatum'' A. E. Verrill &

, 1900 * '' Caecum torquetum'' de Folin, 1867 * '' Caecum tortile'' Dall, 1892 - twisted caecum * '' Caecum trachea'' G. Montagu, 1803 * '' Caecum trindadense'' S. Lima, Santos & Absalão, 2013 * '' Caecum troglodyta'' Moolenbeek, Faber & Iliffe, 1989 * † '' Caecum tumidum'' Carpenter, 1858 * '' Caecum uncinatum'' de Folin, 1867 * '' Caecum undatum'' P. P. Carpenter, 1857 * '' Caecum vanuatuarum'' Pizzini, Raines & Vannozzi, 2013 * '' Caecum varanoi'' Pizzini, Nofroni & Bonfitto, 2008 * '' Caecum variegatum'' de Folin, 1867 * '' Caecum venosum'' de Folin, 1867 * † '' Caecum verai'' Moreno, Peñas & Rolán, 2003 * '' Caecum vertebrale'' Ch. Hedley, 1899 * '' Caecum vicinum'' de Folin, 1870 * '' Caecum virginiae'' Pizzini, Raines & Vannozzi, 2013 * '' Caecum vitreum'' P. P. Carpenter, 1858 * '' Caecum wami'' Raines & Pizzini, 2009 * '' Caecum wayae'' Pizzini & Nofroni, 2001 * '' Caecum zaagmani'' Jong and Coomans, 1988 ; Subgenera brought into synonymy : * ''Caecum (Defolinia)'' Weisbord, 1962: synonym of ''Caecum'' Fleming, 1813 * ''Caecum (Meioceras)'' Carpenter, 1859: synonym of '' Meioceras'' Carpenter, 1859 ;Species brought into synonymy: * ''Caecum abnormale'' Carpenter, 1857: synonym of '' Caecum subspirale'' Carpenter, 1857 * ''Caecum amaltheanum'' Hedley, 1899: synonym of '' Mauroceras legumen'' (Hedley, 1899) * ''Caecum amamiense'' Habe, 1978: synonym of '' Mauroceras amamiense'' (Habe, 1978) * ''Caecum arcuatum'' de Folin, 1867 : synonym of '' Caecum sepimentum'' de Folin, 1868 * ''Caecum bahiahondaense'' A. M. Strong & J. G. Hertlein, 1939 : synonym of '' Caecum clathratum'' Carpenter, 1857 * ''Caecum bakeri'' ( Bartsch, 1920): synonym of '' Caecum dextroversum'' Carpenter, 1857 * ''Caecum berthae'' Lange de Morretes, 1954: synonym of ''Caecum plicatum'' Carpenter, 1858 * ''Caecum biminicola'' Pilsbry, 1951: synonym of ''Caecum plicatum'' Carpenter, 1858 * ''Caecum buccina'' de Folin, 1870: synonym of ''Caecum circumvolutum'' de Folin, 1867 * ''Caecum bucheri'' Parenzan, 1979: synonym of '' Filogranula annulata'' (O. G. Costa, 1861) * ''Caecum butoti'' Jong & Coomans, 1988 : synonym of '' Caecum marmoratum'' de Folin, 1869 * ''Caecum capitanum'' de Folin, 1874: synonym of ''Caecum pulchellum'' Stimpson, 1851 * ''Caecum carmenense'' de Folin, 1870: synonym of ''Caecum circumvolutum'' de Folin, 1867 * ''Caecum carpenteri'' (Bartsch, 1920): synonym of '' Caecum adamsi'' Raines, 2020 * ''Caecum cayoense'' Rehder, 1943: synonym of ''Caecum floridanum'' Stimpson, 1851 * ''Caecum clenchi'' Olsson & McGinty, 1958: synonym of'' Caecum cycloferum'' de Folin, 1867 * ''Caecum compactum'' P. P. Carpenter, 1857 : synonym of '' Caecum quadratum'' Carpenter, 1857 * ''Caecum conjunctum'' de Folin, 1867: synonym of ''Caecum pulchellum'' Stimpson, 1851 * ''Caecum contractum'' de Folin, 1870: synonym of ''Caecum bipartitum'' de Folin, 1870 * ''Caecum corneum'' R. W. Dunker, 1875 : synonym of '' Caecum ryssotitum'' de Folin, 1867 * ''Caecum cornucopiae'' (

, 1858) - horn-of-plenty caecum : synonym of ''

Meioceras cornucopiae ''Meioceras cornucopiae'' is a species of minute sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk or micromollusk in the family Caecidae. Distribution Description The maximum recorded shell Shell may refer to: Architecture and design * Shell (struc ...

'' Carpenter, 1859 * ''Caecum coronatum'' de Folin, 1867: synonym of ''Caecum imbricatum'' Carpenter, 1858 * ''Caecum coronellum'' Dall, 1892: synonym of ''Caecum cycloferum'' de Folin, 1867 * ''Caecum costatum'' A. E. Verrill, 1872: synonym of ''Caecum cooperi'' S. I. Smith, 1860 * ''Caecum crassicostum'' Gabb, 1881: synonym of ''Caecum floridanum'' Stimpson, 1851 * ''Caecum curtatum'' de Folin, 1867: synonym of ''Caecum pulchellum'' Stimpson, 1851 * ''Caecum decussatum'' de Folin, 1869: synonym of ''Caecum plicatum'' Carpenter, 1858 * ''Caecum dux'' de Folin, 1871: synonym of ''Caecum floridanum'' Stimpson, 1851 * ''Caecum eburneum'' de Folin, 1886: synonym of '' Caecum folini'' Kisch, 1959 * ''Caecum elagans'' Deregaslavtseva, 1891: synonym of ''Caecum trachea'' (Montagu, 1803) * ''Caecum elegans'' Perejoslavitseva, 1831 : synonym of '' Caecum trachea'' (Montagu, 1803) * ''Caecum fasciatum'' de Folin, 1876: synonym of ''Caecum trachea'' (Montagu, 1803) * ''Caecum formulosum'' de Folin, 1869: synonym of ''Caecum imbricatum'' Carpenter, 1858 * ''Caecum fulvum'' Kisch, 1959: synonym of ''Caecum neocaledonicum'' de Folin, 1867 * ''Caecum heladum'' Olsson and Harbison, 1953 - fine-line caecum : synonym of '' Caecum multicostatum'' de Folin, 1867 * ''Caecum heterapex'' T. Habe, 1963 : synonym of '' Caecum clarum'' Lamy, 1910 * ''Caecum hinoidei'' T. Habe, 1978 : synonym of '' Caecum neocaledonicum'' de Folin, 1867 * ''Caecum insigne'' de Folin, 1867: synonym of ''Caecum imbricatum'' Carpenter, 1858 * ''Caecum instructum'' de Folin, 1870: synonym of ''Caecum bipartitum'' de Folin, 1870 * ''Caecum irregulare'' de Folin, 1867: synonym of '' Caecum floridanum'' Stimpson, 1851 * ''Caecum legumen'' Hedley, 1904: synonym of '' Meioceras legumen'' (Hedley, 1904) * ''Caecum leptoglyphos'' de Folin, 1881: synonym of ''Caecum textile'' de Folin, 1867 * ''Caecum lermondi'' Dall, 1924: synonym of '' Meioceras nitidum'' ( Stimpson, 1851) * ''Caecum lightfootae'' Pizzini, Nofroni, Oliverio, 1994 : synonym of '' Caecum atlantidis'' Watson, 1897 * ''Caecum lilianum'' Ch. Hedley, 1903 : synonym of '' Caecum sepimentum'' de Folin, 1867 * ''Caecum maculatum'' T. Habe, 1963 : synonym of '' Caecum sepimentum'' de Folin, 1867 * ''Caecum malleatum'' var. ''sublaevis'' de Folin, 1868: synonym of '' Caecum modestum'' de Folin, 1868 * ''Caecum microcyclus'' de Folin, 1879 : synonym of '' Caecum attenuatum'' de Folin, 1880 (subsequent spelling) * ''Caecum nitidum'' Stimpson, 1851 - little horn caecum: synonym of '' Meioceras nitidum'' ( Stimpson, 1851) * ''Caecum obesum'' A. E. Verrill &

, 1900 : synonym of ''Caecum plicatum'' Carpenter, 1858 * ''Caecum orientale'' de Folin, 1868 : synonym of ''Caecum clarkii'' Carpenter, 1859 * ''Caecum phronimum'' de Folin, 1867 : synonym of ''Caecum floridanum'' Stimpson, 1851 * ''Caecum puntagordanum'' Weisbord, 1962: synonym of '' Caecum floridanum'' Stimpson, 1851 * ''Caecum putnamense'' Mansfield, 1924 : synonym of ''Caecum johnsoni'' Winkley, 1908 * ''Caecum rotundum'' de Folin, 1868 : synonym of '' Meioceras nitidum'' ( Stimpson, 1851) * ''Caecum saavedrae'' Beltran, 1965 : synonym of ''Caecum auriculatum'' de Folin, 1868 * ''Caecum sardinianum'' de Folin, 1869 : synonym of '' Caecum clarkii'' Carpenter, 1859 * ''Caecum sculptum'' de Folin, 1881: synonym of ''Caecum imbricatum'' Carpenter, 1858 * ''Caecum semitracheum'' S. Brusina, 1865 : synonym of '' Caecum clarkii'' Carpenter, 1859 * ''Caecum smithi'' Cooper, 1872: synonym of Caecum cooperi S. Smith, 1860 * ''Caecum solitarium'' Oliver, 1915 : synonym of '' Caecum maori'' Pizzini & Raines, 2006 * ''Caecum syriacum'' de Folin, 1869: synonym of ''Caecum auriculatum'' de Folin, 1868 * ''Caecum tenue'' A. E. Verrill &

, 1900: synonym of ''Caecum armoricum'' de Folin, 1869 * ''Caecum termes'' Heilprin, 1889: synonym of ''Caecum plicatum'' Carpenter, 1858 * ''Caecum tomaculum'' (Weisbord, 1962) : synonym of '' Caecum ryssotitum'' de Folin, 1867 * ''Caecum triornatum'' de Folin, 1870: synonym of ''Caecum bipartitum'' de Folin, 1870 * ''Caecum uvea'' Pizzini, Raines & Vannozzi, 2013: synonym of '' Caecum folini'' Kisch, 1959 * ''Caecum veracruzanum'' Collins, 1937 : synonym of '' Caecum circumvolutum'' de Folin, 1867 * ''Caecum vestitum'' de Folin, 1868 - Vera Cruz caecum: synonym of '' Caecum circumvolutum'' de Folin, 1867 ;

Nomina dubia In binomial nomenclature, a ''nomen dubium'' (Latin for "doubtful name", plural ''nomina dubia'') is a scientific name that is of unknown or doubtful application. Zoology In case of a ''nomen dubium'' it may be impossible to determine whether a s ...

: * ''Caecum abreviatum'' de Folin, 1870 * ''Caecum bicinctum'' de Folin, 1870 * ''Caecum gracile'' Carpenter, 1858 * ''Caecum hemisphericum'' de Folin, 1867 * ''Caecum imperforatum'' (Kanmacher, 1798)

References

* Vaught, K.C. (1989). ''A classification of the living Mollusca''. American Malacologists: Melbourne, FL (USA). . XII, 195 pp * Gofas, S.; Le Renard, J.; Bouchet, P. (2001). Mollusca, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). ''European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification''. Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50: pp. 180–213 * Spencer, H.; Marshall. B. (2009). ''All Mollusca except Opisthobranchia''. In: Gordon, D. (Ed.) (2009). New Zealand Inventory of Biodiversity. Volume One: Kingdom Animalia. 584 pp * Aartsen, J. J. van (1977). Revision of the East Atlantic and Mediterranean Caecidae. - Basteria 41 (1/4): 7-19

External links

Moore, Donald R., ''The Systematic Position of the Family Caecidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda)'' , Bulletin of Marine Science, Volume 12, Number 4, 1962 ,pp. 695-701(7)

Moore, Donald R., ''Ecological and Systematic Notes on Caecidae from St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands'', Bulletin of Marine Science, Volume 22, Number 4, December 1972 , pp. 881-899(19)
* Powell A. W. B., ''New Zealand Mollusca'', William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand 1979
Shell-bearing Mollusca: : Caecidae

Malacolog Version 4.1.0 : A Database of Western Atlantic Marine Mollusca

The Paleobiology Database : Classification of the Caecidae

Goedert J.L. & Raines B.K. (2016). First Paleogene Caecidae (Gastropoda: Truncatelloidea) from the northeastern Pacific Ocean and the earliest record for the genus Caecum Fleming, 1813. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. 129: 38-47
File:Caecum auriculatum 001.jpg, '' Caecum auriculatum'' File:Caecum subannulatum 001.jpg, '' Caecum subannulatum'' {{Taxonbar, from=Q4878190 Caecidae Gastropod genera