''Cadellia'' is a

monotypic genus In biology, a monotypic taxon is a taxonomic group (taxon) that contains only one immediately subordinate taxon. A monotypic species is one that does not include subspecies or smaller, infraspecific taxa. In the case of genera, the term "unispec ...

of trees in the botanical family

Surianaceae The Surianaceae are a family of plants in the order Fabales with five genera and eight known species. It has an unusual distribution: the genus ''Recchia'' is native to Mexico, and the sole member of ''Suriana'', ''Suriana maritima, S. mari ...

. The sole species, ''Cadellia pentastylis'', commonly known as ooline, is a medium to large

tree In botany, a tree is a perennial plant with an elongated stem, or trunk, usually supporting branches and leaves. In some usages, the definition of a tree may be narrower, including only woody plants with secondary growth, plants that are ...

with bright green leaves and rough tile-pattern bark. It has

rain forest Rainforests are characterized by a closed and continuous tree canopy, moisture-dependent vegetation, the presence of epiphytes and lianas and the absence of wildfire. Rainforest can be classified as tropical rainforest or temperate rainforest ...

origins dating from the

Pleistocene The Pleistocene ( , often referred to as the ''Ice age'') is the geological Epoch (geology), epoch that lasted from about 2,580,000 to 11,700 years ago, spanning the Earth's most recent period of repeated glaciations. Before a change was fina ...

Era when much of

Australia Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a Sovereign state, sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australia (continent), Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous List of islands of Australia, sma ...

was wetter than it is today. It grows on moderately fertile soils, preferably those suited for agriculture or pasture development. Due to extensive

forest clearing Deforestation or forest clearance is the removal of a forest or stand of trees from land that is then converted to non-forest use. Deforestation can involve conversion of forest land to farms, ranches, or urban use. The most concentrated d ...

, it is now considered a vulnerable plant in Australia.

Description

The ''Cadellia'' tree grows to be about 10 m - rarely 25 m in height. It has leaves that are alternate, undivided and

obovate The following is a list of terms which are used to describe leaf morphology in the description and taxonomy of plants. Leaves may be simple (a single leaf blade or lamina) or compound (with several leaflets). The edge of the leaf may be regular o ...

or "oval" in shape. Flowering occurs from about October to December. The flowers have five white petals, about 5–7 mm in length. The ooline's fruit is brownish, wrinkled, and remains surrounded by five red

sepals A sepal () is a part of the flower of angiosperms (flowering plants). Usually green, sepals typically function as protection for the flower in bud, and often as support for the petals when in bloom., p. 106 The term ''sepalum'' was coined b ...

at its base. Fruiting generally occurs from November to December. The fruit's edibility for humans is not stated.

Distribution

''Cadellia pentastylis'' is listed as vulnerable under the Australian Environment and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999. Small and typically fragmented stands of Ooline may be found in scattered localities on the lower western slopes of Australia's great dividing range between latitudes of 24ºS to 30ºS. Populations are known from the North Western Slopes of

New South Wales ) , nickname = , image_map = New South Wales in Australia.svg , map_caption = Location of New South Wales in AustraliaCoordinates: , subdivision_type = Country , subdivision_name = Australia , established_title = Before federation , es ...

; such as around Mount Black Jack near

Gunnedah Gunnedah is a town in north-eastern New South Wales, Australia and is the seat of the Gunnedah Shire local government area. In the the town recorded a population of 9,726. Gunnedah is situated within the Liverpool Plains, a fertile agricultur ...

Tenterfield Tenterfield is a regional town in New South Wales, Australia. At the , Tenterfield had a population of 4,066. Tenterfield's proximity to many regional centres and its position on the route between Sydney and Brisbane led to its development as a ...

Terry Hie Hie Terry Hie Hie is a very small farming town in the north of New South Wales, Australia within the Moree Plains Shire Council. Terry Hie Hie is south of the Gwydir Highway, east of the Newell Highway and 47 km south-east of Moree, the nea ...

, and Moree. Ooline can also be found in

Sundown National Park Sundown is a national park in Queensland, Australia, 198 km south west of Brisbane. The park contains spectacular gorge country and a number of peaks higher than 1,000 m. Landforms It is the source of the Severn River, which is the st ...

and Tregole National Park in

Queensland ) , nickname = Sunshine State , image_map = Queensland in Australia.svg , map_caption = Location of Queensland in Australia , subdivision_type = Country , subdivision_name = Australia , established_title = Before federation , established_ ...

Taxonomy

The ''Cadellia'' is one of four sections of the

Fabales The Fabales are an order (biology), order of flowering plants included in the Rosids, rosid group of the eudicots in the APG II system, Angiosperm Phylogeny Group II classification system. In the APG II circumscription, this order includes the f ...

clade. Its pollen is prolate spheroidal,

striate In geology, a striation is a groove, created by a geological process, on the surface of a rock or a mineral. In structural geology, striations are linear furrows, or linear marks, generated from fault movement. The striation's direction revea ...

with a granular aperture surface membrane. Pollen

morphology Morphology, from the Greek and meaning "study of shape", may refer to: Disciplines *Morphology (archaeology), study of the shapes or forms of artifacts *Morphology (astronomy), study of the shape of astronomical objects such as nebulae, galaxies, ...

has linked the

in a clade comprising

Polygalaceae The Polygalaceae or the milkwort family are made up of flowering plants in the order Fabales. They have a near-cosmopolitan range, with about 27 genera and ''ca''. 900 known species of herbs, shrubs and trees. Over half of the species are in one ...

Fabaceae The Fabaceae or Leguminosae,International Code of Nomenc ...

, and ''

Quillaja ''Quillaja'' is a genus of flowering plants, the only extant genus in the family Quillajaceae with two or three known species. It was once thought to be in the rose family, Rosaceae, but recent research shows it belongs in its own family. The i ...

''. There are also strong genetic affinities between the Mexican endemic genus ''

Recchia ''Recchia'' is a genus of trees in the family Surianaceae. It is native to tropical habitats of Mexico. Species It includes the following species: * '' Recchia connaroides'' — endemic to Oaxaca state in southwestern Mexico. * '' Recchia mexic ...

'' and ''Cadellia''. These can be determined by different types of microscopy, such as; light microscopy, scanning electro microscopy, transmission electro microscop

Gallery

Image:Ooline - silhouette Terry Hie Hie.jpg, Ooline - Gamilaroi Nature Reserve,

NSW ) , nickname = , image_map = New South Wales in Australia.svg , map_caption = Location of New South Wales in AustraliaCoordinates: , subdivision_type = Country , subdivision_name = Australia , established_title = Before federation , es ...

Image:Tregole NP Black Orchids DSC03273.JPG, Black Orchids growing on Ooline - Tregole National Park Image:Ooline - base soil moss at Terry Hie Hie.jpg, Base of an Ooline thicket, with associated mosses - Gamilaroi Nature Reserve,

image:Trgole NP Ooline Trees DSC03274.JPG, Stand of ''Cadellia pentastylis'' in Tregole National Park

References

* WOS:000227860100005 / Pollen morphology of families Quillajaceae and Surianaceae (Fabales) * WOS:A1995TM23000006 / A reassessment of the familial affinity of the Mexican genus Recchia Mocino & Sesse ex DC * PlantNET - The Plant Information Network System of Botanic Gardens Trust, Sydney, Australia * Curran, T.J. & Curran, S.R. (2005). Rediscovery of Ooline, Cadellia pentastylis, near Gunnedah: notes on the habitat and ecology of this dry rainforest tree. Cunninghamia 9 (2): 311-316. * Department of Environment & Climate Change New South Wales (2005), Ooline - Profile, Accessed 18 March 2009. http://www.threatenedspecies.environment.nsw.gov.au/tsprofile/profile.aspx?id=10118 . * Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts (2008). Cadellia pentastylis in Species Profile and Threats Database, Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts, Canberra. Accessed 25/09/2008. * Harden, G.J., McDonald, W.J.F. & Williams, J.B. (2006). Rainforest trees and shrubs: a field guide to their identification in Victoria, New South Wales and subtropical Queensland using vegetative features. Gwen Harden Publishing, Nambucca Heads, NSW. * Herbrecs (2008). Cadellia pentastylis, in BriMapper version 2.12. Queensland Herbarium. Accessed 25/09/2008. * Pollock, A.B. (1999). Cadellia pentastylis, in Species Management Manual. Department of Natural Resources, Brisbane. * www.nationalcapital.gov.au https://archive.today/20121129011753/http://wetlandinfo.derm.qld.gov.au/wetlands/factsfigures/FloraAndFauna/Species/cadellia-pentastylis.html {{Taxonbar, from=Q5016356, from2=Q15604341 Fabales of Australia Trees of Australia Flora of New South Wales Flora of Queensland Vulnerable flora of Australia Monotypic Fabales genera Surianaceae Taxa named by Ferdinand von Mueller