A cable fairing is a structure attached to a towed cable designed to streamline the flow around the cable, primarily in marine environments. Cables are faired primarily for two reasons: (1) to reduce normal drag and thus achieve more depth for a given cable scope and speed; and (2) to eliminate cable vibration caused by

vortex shedding In fluid dynamics, vortex shedding is an oscillating flow that takes place when a fluid such as air or water flows past a bluff (as opposed to streamlined) body at certain velocities, depending on the size and shape of the body. In this flow, v ...

, commonly known as cable strum.R. D. Blevins, "Flow-Induced Vibration" (Second Edition). New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1990, p. 91.

Types of cable fairing

There are several major types of cable fairing: *Hard fairing: essentially a streamlined teardrop-shaped shell clamped in sections over the cable;Patent 4,567,841 “Fairing assembly for towed underwater cables.” *Ribbon fairing: flexible ribbons attached to the cable that assume a streamlined shape when towed;Patent 3,696,599 “Cable fairing system.” *Hairy fairing: similar to ribbon fairing, but the “ribbons” take the form of hair-like flexible structures.Patent 4,084,065 “Antistrumming cable.” All cables (faired or unfaired) have hydrodynamic loading functions.R. Folb, “Experimental determination of hydrodynamic loading functions for ten cable fairing models.” Report number DTNSRDC-R-4610, David W. Taylor Naval Ship Research & Development Center, 1975. These describe the variation in drag coefficient as a function of angle

a

with respect to the flow. As an example, the loading function for the normal drag coefficient of an unfaired cable, represented as a flexible circular cylinder, is

\textstyle\sin^

(

\alpha = 90^

means that the cable is normal to the flow).

Operational complexities

Fairing a cable can increase the complexity of the handling system. An unfaired cable can be wrapped many times on a winch drum. Some types of faired cable may only permit a single wrap. Furthermore, many types of hard fairing require the use of anti-stacking rings.A. Mech, “Development of an axial load bearing ring for use on double-served strength member electromechanical marine cable.” ''Oceans'' 17, 1001, 1985. When under tension, the diameter of a steel-armored cable gets smaller. This in turn would cause the fairing sections to loosen and slide down the cable (until they “stack” at the aft end) without the use of the anti-stacking rings.

References

{{Reflist Hydraulic engineering