CSX Susquehanna River Bridge

The CSX Susquehanna River Bridge is a railroad bridge that carries CSX's Philadelphia Subdivision across the Susquehanna River between Havre de Grace and Perryville, Maryland, via Garrett Island. It was built in 1907-10 by the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad (B&O) on the same alignment as an 1886 B&O bridge. Like its predecessor, it was the longest continuous bridge on the B&O system.

History

1866-1884: PW&B Bridge

The 1866 completion of the nearby Philadelphia, Wilmington, and Baltimore (PW&B) railroad bridge allowed trains between Baltimore and Philadelphia to cross the Susquehanna without the aid of a ferryboat for the first time. The B&O used trackage rights on the PW&B to operate trains to Philadelphia and Jersey City (PRR). When the B&O's president John W. Garrett was outbid by the PRR for control of the PW&B in early 1881, Garrett realized that B&O's Philadelphia and New York connections were in jeopardy. B&O began planning immediately for its own line between Baltimore and Philadelphia, where a connection to the friendly Reading Railroad would provide access to the New York area.

B&O passenger trains continued crossing the river on the PW&B until the trackage rights agreement expired on October 12, 1884.

1884-1907: First B&O Bridge

B&O's new line, the Baltimore and Philadelphia Railroad, was built to higher engineering standards than typical on its system, despite the company's shaky finances. At the Susquehanna, the B&O resolved to create a bridge that was superior to the PW&B bridge it formerly used. As Garrett wrote in an 1884 report:

It...will be one of the largest and most remarkable structures of its class in the world. It is the determination of the company that it shall be of the most substantial, safe and durable character. It will be in length, above low mean tide, and will rest on eleven granite piers, having their foundations on the bed-rock of the river... The foundations for six of the piers have been difficult, reaching, as they do, a depth of below low water, and necessitating the use of caissons, with air chambers, in which the men, engaged in removing the debris in order to reach bed-rock, have worked under a pressure of .

The bridge consisted of the following segments: a western approach viaduct, four Whipple deck truss spans, a through truss span over the western navigation channel, a deck truss span, a viaduct over Garrett Island, one and one Whipple deck truss spans, a through truss span over the eastern navigation channel, and finally a eastern approach viaduct. The eastern approach also crossed the PRR's Columbia and Port Deposit Railroad. Unlike the remainder of the Philadelphia line, the bridge contained only a single track.The lengths of the three spans on the eastern side of the river are surmised from the 1914 B&O truss bridge report. The Baltimore Sun article of May 10, 1886, quoted by McCrain says the through truss section is 520 feet. The B&O report assigns this length to one of the deck truss sections instead.

The bridge cost $1.7 million to construct. It was opened with a ceremonial train on May 11, 1886. Freight operations began on May 25 of that year; passenger operations followed on August 23. The first Washington to New York train to use the new route crossed on December 15. Starting in 1890, passenger trains that used the bridge were marketed under the name Royal Blue Line.

1908-present: Second B&O Bridge

In the early years of the 20th century, the iron bridges on the Philadelphia line could no longer handle the latest locomotive designs at optimal speeds. The Susquehanna Bridge also required an additional track. In November 1907, the American Bridge Company and Eyre-Shoemaker Company began renovating the structure. Timber falsework was used to shore up sections of the bridge under construction, allowing construction to proceed with minimal disruption to traffic.

On September 23, 1908, a coal car derailed on the bridge and struck a mobile crane. The crane collapsed, bringing down the eastern channel through truss, which sank in deep water. One person was injured and 12 cars at the end of the train were lost.

The PRR granted the B&O the right to detour trains over its new double-track bridge, and so track connections between the B&O and PRR were built at Swan Creek (west of Havre de Grace) and Aiken (near Perryville). At Aiken, the steep grade between the two lines required the use of helpers. This detour was maintained while the renovations to the Susquehanna Bridge were completed.

Compared to the original bridge, the new bridge has shorter and more numerous deck truss spans. The superstructure is constructed of of steel and can support two tracks. Pennsylvania through truss spans are used over both navigation channels. 30 new piers were built; 10 were widened and remodeled. Three of the new piers were sunk in the west channel using the caisson process.

The renovations cost more than $2 million. The new bridge opened for traffic on January 6, 1910.

Passenger service east of Baltimore ended on April 26, 1958. By 1960, the entire Philadelphia line including the Susquehanna Bridge was single-tracked. Ownership of the bridge later passed to the Chessie System and CSX along with other B&O assets.

Present status

, CSX runs about 24 trains daily on the Philadelphia Subdivision, including intermodal, autorack, and general merchandise freights.

See also

*List of bridges documented by the Historic American Engineering Record in Maryland

Notes

References

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External links

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{{Crossings navbox
, structure = Bridges
, place = Susquehanna River
, bridge = CSX Susquehanna River Bridge
, bridge signs =
, upstream = Millard E. Tydings Memorial Bridge
, upstream signs =
, downstream = Thomas J. Hatem Memorial Bridge
, downstream signs =

Baltimore and Ohio Railroad bridges
Bridges completed in 1886
Bridges completed in 1910
Bridges over the Susquehanna River
CSX Transportation bridges
Buildings and structures in Havre de Grace, Maryland
Railroad bridges in Maryland
Historic American Engineering Record in Maryland
Bridges in Harford County, Maryland
Bridges in Cecil County, Maryland
Steel bridges in the United States
Pratt truss bridges in the United States
1910 establishments in Maryland