CSS Carondelet

CSS ''Carondelet'' was a sidewheel steamer that served in the Confederate States Navy during the American Civil War. Construction for the vessel started in 1861, and she was launched on January 25, 1862, and commissioned on March 16. Her sister ship was CSS ''Bienville''. On April 4, ''Carondelet'', along with CSS ''Oregon'' and CSS ''Pamlico'', took part in a small naval action near Pass Christian against USS ''New London'', USS ''John P. Jackson'', and the troop transport USS ''Henry Lewis''. ''Carondelet'' suffered damage to her wheel during the fight, and likely fired the only two shots that struck ''John P. Jackson''. Later that month, with the Confederates abandoning New Orleans, Louisiana, ''Carondelet'' was scuttled by her crew in either Lake Pontchartrain, the Tchefuncte River, or the Bogue Falaya River.

Service history

In late 1861, during the American Civil War, Confederate authorities were establishing a naval force to defend New Orleans, Louisiana. Many vessels had been sent north up the Mississippi River to help defend Columbus, Kentucky, but a smaller fleet remained in the New Orleans area. To strengthen the New Orleans fleet, two sister ships were constructed on Bayou St. John: ''Carondelet'' and the steamer CSS ''Bienville''. ''Carondelet'' was built by S. D. Porter of the Confederate States Navy and by John Hughes. A sidewheel steamer, she was launched on January 25, 1862 and commissioned on March 16. She weighed 700 tons and was long, with a small draft. Naval historian Paul Silverstone states that she was armed with five 42-pounder cannon, while historian W. Craig Gaines and the ''Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships'' state that she was also armed with a 32-pounder rifled cannon.

After her commissioning, ''Carondelet'' was placed under the command of First Lieutenant Washington Gwathmey. As sailors were in short supply, the ship's crew was supplemented by 30 Confederate States Army soldiers from the garrison of Fort Pike. The 42-pounder guns had also come from Army stockpiles. On April 3, two Union Navy shipsthe steamers USS ''New London'' and USS ''John P. Jackson'' and the troop transport USS ''Henry Lewis'' left Biloxi, Mississippi, to move against Confederate positions at Pass Christian. Along with the gunboats CSS ''Oregon'' and CSS ''Pamlico'', ''Carondelet'' moved to combat the Union vessels on April 4. ''Henry Lewis'' withdrew after a Confederate shot struck her deck, wounding three men, and two shots probably fired by ''Carondelet'' caused minor damage to ''John P. Jackson''. However, after both ''Oregon'' and ''Carondelet'' were hit in their wheels and the steamer USS ''Hatteras'' arrived to reinforce the Union ships, the Confederate vessels withdrew to Lake Pontchartrain, guarding the Chef Menteur Pass and the Rigolets. The 1,200 troops aboard ''Henry Lewis'' were then unloaded onto shore, and the Union forces captured the Pass Christian area and destroyed a local Confederate camp.

On April 24, Union Navy ships passed the Confederate positions of Fort Jackson and Fort St. Philip and passed the weaker defenses at Chalmette the next day. New Orleans was now essentially indefensible. ''Oregon'' was sunk as a blockship, but the location of the wreck later interfered with attempts by ''Carondelet'', ''Bienville'', ''Pamlico'', and the transport CSS ''Arrow'' to escape. After ferrying Confederate troops out of the city to Covington across Lake Pontchartrain, ''Carondelet'', ''Bienville'', and ''Pamlico'' were scuttled by their crews on April 25. Their cannons were sent to Vicksburg, Mississippi, via the Confederate training facility Camp Moore. Naval historian Neil P. Chatelain, Silverstone, and the ''Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships'' both state that ''Carondelet'' was sunk in Lake Pontchartrain, with Chatelain specifying the northern part of the lake. Gaines states that she was sunk in either the Tchefuncte River or the Bogue Falaya River. The wreck later became covered with sand and was a hazard to navigation. According to Gaines, it was likely removed in 1871 by the United States Army Corps of Engineers.

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Carondelet
Gunboats of the Confederate States Navy
Ships built in New Orleans
Shipwrecks of the American Civil War
1862 ships
Maritime incidents in April 1862
Scuttled vessels