The 4000 series is a

CMOS Complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS, pronounced "sea-moss", ) is a type of metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) fabrication process that uses complementary and symmetrical pairs of p-type and n-type MOSFE ...

logic family In computer engineering, a logic family is one of two related concepts: * A logic family of monolithic digital integrated circuit devices is a group of electronic logic gates constructed using one of several different designs, usually with compati ...

integrated circuits An integrated circuit or monolithic integrated circuit (also referred to as an IC, a chip, or a microchip) is a set of electronic circuits on one small flat piece (or "chip") of semiconductor material, usually silicon. Large numbers of tiny ...

(ICs) first introduced in 1968 by

RCA The RCA Corporation was a major American electronics company, which was founded as the Radio Corporation of America in 1919. It was initially a patent trust owned by General Electric (GE), Westinghouse, AT&T Corporation and United Fruit Comp ...

. It had a supply voltage range of 5V to 20V, which is much wider than any contemporary logic family. Almost all IC manufacturers active during this initial era fabricated models for this series. Its naming convention is still in use today.

History

The 4000 series was introduced as the ''CD4000 COS/MOS'' series in 1968 by

as a lower power and more versatile alternative to the

7400 series The 7400 series of integrated circuits (ICs) are a popular logic family of transistor–transistor logic (TTL) logic chips. In 1964, Texas Instruments introduced the SN5400 series of logic chips, in a ceramic semiconductor package. A low-co ...

of transistor-transistor logic (TTL) chips. The logic functions were implemented with the newly introduced Complementary Metal–Oxide–Semiconductor (CMOS) technology. While initially marketed with "COS/MOS" labeling by RCA (which stood for Complementary Symmetry Metal-Oxide Semiconductor), the shorter ''CMOS'' terminology emerged as the industry preference to refer to the technology. The first chips in the series were designed by a group led by

Albert Medwin Albert H. Medwin (October 27, 1925 – October 26, 2020) was an American electrical engineer. He held several US patents, including ones in the field of electronic encoders. Medwin was involved in the early development of integrated circuits while ...

. Wide adoption was initially hindered by the comparatively lower speeds of the designs compared to TTL based designs. Speed limitations were eventually overcome with newer fabrication methods (such as self aligned gates of polysilicon instead of metal). These CMOS variants performed ona par with contemporary TTL. The series was extended in the late 1970s and 1980s with new models that were given 45xx and 45xxx designations, but are usually still regarded by engineers as part of the 4000 series. In the 1990s, some manufacturers (e.g.

Texas Instruments Texas Instruments Incorporated (TI) is an American technology company headquartered in Dallas, Texas, that designs and manufactures semiconductors and various integrated circuits, which it sells to electronics designers and manufacturers globall ...

) ported the 4000 series to newer

HCMOS HCMOS ("high-speed CMOS") is the set of specifications for electrical ratings and characteristics, forming the 74HC00 family, a part of the 7400 series of integrated circuits.

based designs to provide greater speeds.

Design considerations

The 4000 series facilitates simpler circuit design through relatively low

power Power most often refers to: * Power (physics), meaning "rate of doing work" ** Engine power, the power put out by an engine ** Electric power * Power (social and political), the ability to influence people or events ** Abusive power Power may a ...

consumption, a wide range of supply

voltage Voltage, also known as electric pressure, electric tension, or (electric) potential difference, is the difference in electric potential between two points. In a static electric field, it corresponds to the work needed per unit of charge to m ...

s, and vastly increased load-driving capability (fanout) compared to

TTL TTL may refer to: Photography * Through-the-lens metering, a camera feature * Zenit TTL, an SLR film camera named for its TTL metering capability Technology * Time to live, a computer data lifespan-limiting mechanism * Transistor–transistor lo ...

. This makes the series ideal for use in prototyping LSI designs. While

ICs are similarly

modular Broadly speaking, modularity is the degree to which a system's components may be separated and recombined, often with the benefit of flexibility and variety in use. The concept of modularity is used primarily to reduce complexity by breaking a sy ...

, these usually lack the symmetrical drive strength of CMOS and may therefore require more consideration of the loads applied on its outputs. Just like with TTL, buffered models can drive higher electrical current (mainly available for I/O-devices like octal latches and three-state drivers) but have a slightly higher risk of introducing

ringing Ringing may mean: Vibrations * Ringing (signal), unwanted oscillation of a signal, leading to ringing artifacts * Vibration of a harmonic oscillator ** Bell ringing * Ringing (telephony), the sound of a telephone bell * Ringing (medicine), a ri ...

(transient oscillations) unless correctly damped or terminated.Lancaster, Don. ''CMOS Cookbook'', Many models contain a high level of integration, including fully integrated 7-segment display counters, walking ring counters, and full adders.

Common chips

;Logic gates ;Flip-flops * 4013 – Dual D-type flip-flop. Each flip-flop has independent data, Q, /Q, clock, reset, set. * 40174 – Hex D-type flip-flop. Each flip-flop has independent data and Q. All share clock and reset. * 40175 – Quad D-type flip-flop. Each flip-flop has independent data, Q, /Q. All share clock and reset. ;Counters * 4017 – Decade

counter Counter may refer to: Mathematics and computing * Counter machine, a subclass of register machines * Counter (digital), an electronic device, mechanical device, or computer program for counting * Loop counter, the variable that controls the iter ...

with 10-output decoder. * 4026 – Decade counter with

7-segment A seven-segment display is a form of electronic display device for displaying decimal numerals that is an alternative to the more complex dot matrix displays. Seven-segment displays are widely used in digital clocks, electronic meters, basic ...

digit decoded output. * 40110 – Up/down decade counter with

display decoder with 25 mA output drivers. * 40192 – Up/down decade counter with 4-bit BCD preset. * 40193 – Up/down binary counter with 4-bit binary preset. ;Decoders * 4028 – 4-bit BCD to 10-output decoder (can be used as 3-bit binary to 8-output

decoder Decoder may refer to: Technology * Audio decoder converts digital audio to analog form * Binary decoder, digital circuits such as 1-of-N and seven-segment decoders * Decompress (compression decoder), converts compressed data (e.g., audio/video/im ...

) * 4511 – 4-bit BCD to

display decoder with 25 mA output drivers. ;Timers * 4047 – Monostable/astable

multivibrator A multivibrator is an electronic circuit used to implement a variety of simple two-state devices such as relaxation oscillators, timers, and flip-flops. The first multivibrator circuit, the astable multivibrator oscillator, was invented by Henri A ...

with external RC oscillator. * 4060 – 14-bit ripple counter with external RC or

crystal oscillator A crystal oscillator is an electronic oscillator circuit that uses a piezoelectric crystal as a frequency-selective element. The oscillator frequency is often used to keep track of time, as in quartz wristwatches, to provide a stable cloc ...

(long duration) (schmitt-trigger inputs) (can be used with 32.768 kHz crystal) * 4541 – 16-bit ripple counter with external RC oscillator (long duration). ;Analog * 4051 – Single 8-channel analog mux. * 4066 – Quad SPST analog switch.

References

External links

Understanding 4000-series digital logic ICs
– Nuts and Volts magazine

– Electronics Club
4000-series logic and analog circuitry
– Analog Devices {{DEFAULTSORT:4000 Series Digital electronics Integrated circuits

History

Design considerations

Common chips

See also

References

Further reading

External links