A CFD-DEM model is suitable for the modeling or

simulation A simulation is the imitation of the operation of a real-world process or system over time. Simulations require the use of Conceptual model, models; the model represents the key characteristics or behaviors of the selected system or proc ...

of fluid-solids or fluid-particles systems. In a typical CFD-DEM model, the phase motion of

discrete Discrete may refer to: *Discrete particle or quantum in physics, for example in quantum theory * Discrete device, an electronic component with just one circuit element, either passive or active, other than an integrated circuit *Discrete group, a ...

solids or particles is obtained by the

Discrete Element Method A discrete element method (DEM), also called a distinct element method, is any of a family of numerical methods for computing the motion and effect of a large number of small particles. Though DEM is very closely related to molecular dynamics, t ...

(DEM) which applies

Newton's laws of motion Newton's laws of motion are three basic laws of classical mechanics that describe the relationship between the motion of an object and the forces acting on it. These laws can be paraphrased as follows: # A body remains at rest, or in moti ...

to every particle and the flow of continuum fluid is described by the local averaged Navier–Stokes equations that can be solved by the traditional

Computational Fluid Dynamics Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is a branch of fluid mechanics that uses numerical analysis and data structures to analyze and solve problems that involve fluid flows. Computers are used to perform the calculations required to simulate th ...

(CFD). The model is first proposed by Tsuji et al. The interactions between the fluid phase and solids phase is better modeled according to

Newton's third law Newton's laws of motion are three basic laws of classical mechanics that describe the relationship between the motion of an object and the forces acting on it. These laws can be paraphrased as follows: # A body remains at rest, or in motion ...

Software

Open source and non-commercial software: * The open source CFD softwar
OpenFOAM
includes particle methods, including DEM, and solvers that couple CFD-DEM.
CFDEMcoupling (DCS Computing GmbH)
couples CFD from OpenFOAM with open source DEM software, LIGGGHTS.
MFiX
Open Source multiphase flow simulation package). *The commercial software

Simcenter STAR-CCM+ Simcenter STAR-CCM+ is a commercial Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) based simulation software developed by Siemens Digital Industries Software. Simcenter STAR-CCM+ allows the modeling and analysis of a range of engineering problems involving ...

is an integrated multiphysics solution capable of CFD-DEM coupling involving single or multiphase flow, chemical reactions, electromagnetism and heat transfer

Parallelization

OpenMP has been shown to be more efficient in performing coupled CFD-DEM calculations in parallel framework as compared to

MPI MPI or Mpi may refer to: Science and technology Biology and medicine * Magnetic particle imaging, an emerging non-invasive tomographic technique * Myocardial perfusion imaging, a nuclear medicine procedure that illustrates the function of the hear ...

by Amritkar et al.

References

Simulation software {{physics-software-stub