CER ( sh-Latn, Cifarski Elektronski Računar, lit=Digital Electronic Computer) was a series of early computers (based on
vacuum tube
A vacuum tube, electron tube, valve (British usage), or tube (North America), is a device that controls electric current flow in a high vacuum between electrodes to which an electric voltage, potential difference has been applied.
The type kn ...
s and
transistor
upright=1.4, gate (G), body (B), source (S) and drain (D) terminals. The gate is separated from the body by an insulating layer (pink).
A transistor is a semiconductor device used to Electronic amplifier, amplify or electronic switch, switch e ...
s) developed by
Mihajlo Pupin Institute
Mihajlo Pupin Institute ( sr, Институт Михајло Пупин, Institut Mihajlo Pupin) is an institute based in Belgrade, Serbia. It is named after Mihajlo Idvorski Pupin and is part of the University of Belgrade.
It is notable for ma ...
in
Yugoslavia
Yugoslavia (; sh-Latn-Cyrl, separator=" / ", Jugoslavija, Југославија ; sl, Jugoslavija ; mk, Југославија ;; rup, Iugoslavia; hu, Jugoszlávia; rue, label=Pannonian Rusyn, Югославия, translit=Juhoslavija ...
in the 1960s and 1970s.
Models:
*
CER-10
CER model 10 was a vacuum tube, transistor and electronic relay based computer developed at IBK-Vinča and the Mihajlo Pupin Institute (Belgrade) in 1960.CIFARSKI EL.RAČUNAR CER-Vinča, by dr Rajko Tomović et al., from the Proc. Conf.ETAN-1960 ...
- 1960, based on
vacuum tube
A vacuum tube, electron tube, valve (British usage), or tube (North America), is a device that controls electric current flow in a high vacuum between electrodes to which an electric voltage, potential difference has been applied.
The type kn ...
s,
transistor
upright=1.4, gate (G), body (B), source (S) and drain (D) terminals. The gate is separated from the body by an insulating layer (pink).
A transistor is a semiconductor device used to Electronic amplifier, amplify or electronic switch, switch e ...
s, electronic
relay
A relay
Electromechanical relay schematic showing a control coil, four pairs of normally open and one pair of normally closed contacts
An automotive-style miniature relay with the dust cover taken off
A relay is an electrically operated switch ...
s, and
magnetic core memory. First Yugoslav digital computer (developed in "Vinca"-Institute) in (
SFRY
The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, commonly referred to as SFR Yugoslavia or simply as Yugoslavia, was a country in Central and Southeast Europe. It emerged in 1945, following World War II, and lasted until 1992, with the breakup of Yugo ...
).
*
CER-2 - 1963, a prototype model
*
CER-20
CER ( Serbian: Цифарски Електронски Рачунар / Cifarski Elektronski Računar - ''Digital Electronic Computer'') model 20 was an early digital computer developed by Mihajlo Pupin Institute (Serbia). It was designed as a fu ...
- 1964, CER-30 - 1966, - the prototypes of the "electronic bookkeeping machine" for
EI Niš EI or Ei may refer to:
Arts and media
* "E.I." (song), a single by Nelly
* E/I, a type of children's television programming shown in the United States
* ''Ei'' (album), an album by Maija Vilkkumaa
** "Ei" (song), its first single
* ''Eerie, Ind ...
and RIZ Zagreb;.
*
CER-200
CER ( – ''Digital Electronic Computer'') model 200 is an early digital computer developed by Mihajlo Pupin Institute (Serbia) in 1966.
See also
* CER Computers
* Mihajlo Pupin Institute
Mihajlo Pupin Institute ( sr, Институт Мих ...
- 1966, series of 18 "electronic bookkeeping computers".
*
CER-202-1968;
CER-203 - 1972
*
CER-22
CER ( sr, Цифарски Електронски Рачунар – ''Digital Electronic Computer'') model 22 is a transistor based computer developed by Mihajlo Pupin Institute (Serbia) in 1967-1968. It was originally intended for banking a ...
- 1967, based on transistors,
MSI circuits, magnetic core memory,
punched cards and
magnetic disk
Magnetic storage or magnetic recording is the storage of data on a magnetized medium. Magnetic storage uses different patterns of magnetisation in a magnetizable material to store data and is a form of non-volatile memory. The information is ac ...
s. Serie of 3 electronic systems, used for
on-line banking
Online banking, also known as internet banking, web banking or home banking, is an electronic payment system that enables customers of a bank or other financial institution to conduct a range of financial transactions through the financial insti ...
operations and
data processing
Data processing is the collection and manipulation of digital data to produce meaningful information.
Data processing is a form of ''information processing'', which is the modification (processing) of information in any manner detectable by an ...
applications;
*
CER-12 - 1971, "electronic computer for business data processing", based on
VLSI
Very large-scale integration (VLSI) is the process of creating an integrated circuit (IC) by combining millions or billions of MOS transistors onto a single chip. VLSI began in the 1970s when MOS integrated circuit (Metal Oxide Semiconductor) c ...
technology,
wire wrapping
file:Sample cross-section of high tension power (pylon) line.jpg, Overhead power cabling. The conductor consists of seven strands of steel (centre, high tensile strength), surrounded by four outer layers of aluminium (high conductivity). Sample d ...
boards, magnetic disks and
magnetic tape
Magnetic tape is a medium for magnetic storage made of a thin, magnetizable coating on a long, narrow strip of plastic film. It was developed in Germany in 1928, based on the earlier magnetic wire recording from Denmark. Devices that use magne ...
s;
*
CER-11
CER-11 was a digital military computer, developed at Institute Mihajlo Pupin, located in Serbia, in a period between 1965 and 1966.
Overview
CER-11 was designed by prof.dr Tihomir Aleksic and prof.dr Nedeljko Parezanovic, along with their sci.ass ...
- 1966, based on transistors, core memory,
Teletype printer etc. Mobile military computer (used in the JNA (
Yugoslav People's Army
The Yugoslav People's Army (abbreviated as JNA/; Macedonian and sr-Cyrl-Latn, Југословенска народна армија, Jugoslovenska narodna armija; Croatian and bs, Jugoslavenska narodna armija; sl, Jugoslovanska ljudska a ...
);
* CER-101 Kosmos - 1973, based on VLSI circuits,
core memory,
magnetic drum, paper tapes, Teletype printers; Mobile computer in special military vehicles (used in the JNA's V.T. Institute);
* CER-111 - 1975, Mobile military computer, based on VLSI technology,
Hard disk drive
A hard disk drive (HDD), hard disk, hard drive, or fixed disk is an electro-mechanical data storage device that stores and retrieves digital data using magnetic storage with one or more rigid rapidly rotating platters coated with magnet ...
; Used in JNA until 1989.
Models and types
''CER-Computers Table (author: Dušan Hristović, M.P.Institute, Belgrade University)''; GFDL and CCSA 3.0 License.
See also
*
History of computer hardware in the SFRY The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY) was a socialist country that existed in the second half of the 20th century. Being socialist meant that strict technology import rules and regulations shaped the development of computer history in ...
*
List of computer systems from SFRY
References
#
Rajko Tomović
Rajko Tomović (1919–2001) was a Serbs, Serbian and Yugoslavia, Yugoslav scientist, who developed research programs in robotics, medical information technologies, information technology, biomedical engineering, rehabilitation engineering, arti ...
, A.Mandzić, T.Aleksić, P.Vrbavac, V.Masnikosa, D.Hristović i M. Marić: «CIFARSKI ELEKTRONSKI RAČUNAR – CER INSTITUTA VINČA«, Zbornik V Konf. ETAN – 1960,tom 1, pp. 305–330, Beograd, 18. November 1960.
# Vukašin Masnikosa:«Aritmetički organ eksperiment.numeričke mašine u IBK-Vinča«, ELEKTROTEHNIKA,vol.8,No 8,pp.xx, Belgrade 1959.(takodje: ETAN-1958,pp. 303)
# Dušan Hristović,Branko Dokmanović:«Napajanje rač.mašine CER«, V Konf.ETAN-60, pp. 315–324, Belgrade 1960.
# Tihomir Aleksić,P.Vrbavac,J.Opačić: «Magnetno-tranzistorski brojački element i njegova primena u brojačima impulsa«,AUTOMATIKA i ELEKTRONIKA,vol.2,No4,Beograd 1962.
# B.Janković,N.Parezanović,S.Rajić,M.Marić:«Analiza jednotakt.prekid.sistema na univ. računarima«,Zbornik 8.Konf. ETAN-1963, tom 1,pp. 211–217, Zagreb,7.Sept.1963.
# Dušan Hristović: »Tranzistorski izlazni pojačavači za feritne memorije«, Zbornik 8.Konf. ETAN-1963, tom 1, pp. 219–225, Zagreb, 7.September 1963.
# Nedeljko Parezanović: «Elektronski računar sa usvajanjem programa«, Zbornik 8.Konf.ETAN-1963,tom 1, pp. 199–204, Zagreb, 7.Sept. 1963.
# Veselin Potić:«Poluprom. memorija induktivnog tipa«, 9.Kon.ETAN-64,pp. 243–246, YU Bled .
# M.Hruška,M.Marić:”Pristupni sistem brze koincid.mem.vel.kapaciteta”,Zbornik 11.Konf.ETAN-67,tom 1,pp. 365–372, Niš 8.June 1967.
# Dušan Hristović: »Računar CER–22«, HPEEA journal, No 10, pp. 5–12, Belgrade, Oktober 1969.
# M.Momčilović,D.Hristović,P.Vrbavac et al.:»Domaći cifarski el. računari CER«, Zbornik Savetovanja:Mehanografija i AOP u preduzećima, pp. 38–58, YU Nova Varoš, 22.May 1969.
# Vladislav Paunović: »Jedno rešenje veze linijskog štampača«, časopis HPEEA, No 15, pp. 31–35,Belgrade, July 1970.
# Vladislav Paunović: »Aritmetička jedinica-AJ računara CER-12«, AUTOMATIKA, No3, pp. 161–165, Zagreb, 1971.(v.takodje Konf.ETAN-1972,str.877-886, Velenje, June 1972.)
# Veselin Potić,M.Šavikin:«U/I sistem CER-12«,AUTOMATIKA,No 3, pp. 166–176,Zagreb,1971.
# M.Momčilović, Miladin Dabić:«Domaći el.sistem za obradu podataka CER-203« VI jug.simpozium o automatizaciji obrade podataka, Zagreb, 1972.
# Dušan Hristović: »MP struktura digitalnog računara HRS 101«, AUTOMATIKA, No3, pp. 173–179, Zagreb, 1972.
# M.Šavikin,V.Potić,M.Timotić,A.Marjanski: «Podsistem čitača-bušača pap.trake u sklopu rač.sistema CER-12«,Zborn.16Kon.ETAN-1972,pp. 865–876, Velenje, June 1972.
# V.Potić,B.Tanasijević:«Organizacija i rešenje sistema memorije na magnetnom dobošu«,Zbornik 17.Konf.ETAN-1973, tom 2, pp. 1030–1035, Novi Sad, 6.June 1973.
# B. J. Kogan,P.Vrbavac et al.:«Gibr.VičislSistema GVS-100«, Sbornik IPU, Moskva 1974, pp. 5–42; Also:Proc.of the VII.Congress AICA-73, pp. 305–316, Prague 27. August 1973.
# Dušan Hristović,Borivoj Lazić: «Programsko testiranje eksternih memorija«, Zbornik 18.Konf.ETAN-1974,tom 2, pp. 1157–1166, Ulcinj 6. June 1974.
# Tihomir Aleksić:”Logička sinteza digitalnih sistema«,Naučna knjiga, Belgrade 1971.i 1975.(2 editions).
# Veselin Potić,i dr:«Programska detekcija kvarova u disk-memoriji«,Informatika-1974, YU Bled.
# Veselin Potić,Dušan Hristović:«Asocijativna struktura za adresiranje spoljnih memorija«, AUTOMATIKA,No 5-6, pp. 181–185,Zagreb 1976.(also see: 20.Konf.ETAN-76, pp. 1127–1135,YU Opatija).
# Dušan Hristović: ”Interaktivni grafički terminali”,Zbornik ETAN-77,pp. 161–168,Banja Luka,6.June 1977.
# Tihomir Aleksić:»RAČUNARI-ORGANIZACIJA I ARHITEKTURA«,Naucna knjiga,Belgrade 1982,85,89.i 1991. (4 editions).
# Dragoljub Milićević,Dušan Hristović et al.: «RAČUNARI TIM«, Naučna knjiga,Belgrade,1990. (pp. 163–169, see the photographs of the CER computers).
# Dušan Hristović: «Computer History,CER-10«, IT Star Newsletter, Vol.7, No.1, pp. 6–7, Spring issue 2009.
# B.Lazić, D.Živković,Ž.Tošić,M.Stojčev,D.Obradović,V.Kovačević:»50 GODINA RAČUNARSTVA«,Zbornik 39.Konf.ETRAN-95, tom 3,pp. 7–20, Zlatibor, 6.June 1995.
# D.Bečejski-Vujaklija,N.Marković(Ed):"50 Years of Computing in Serbia(50 Godina Računarstva u Srbiji)",pp. 11–44, DIS,IMP and PC Press,Belgrade 2011.
# Vladislav Paunović, Dušan Hristović: «PRIKAZ I ANALIZA RAČUNARA CER« Zbornik 44.Konf.ETRAN-2000,tom 3, pp. 79–82, Sokobanja, 26.June 2000.
# Dušan Hristović:"Razvoj Računarstva u Srbiji"(Development of the Computing Technology in Serbia), PHLOGISTON journal, No 18-19, pp. 89–105, Museum MNT-SANU, Belgrade 2010/2011.
# Jelica Protic et al.: "Building Computers in Serbia",ComSIS, vol.8, no 3, pp. 549–571, Belgrade June 2011.
{{Serbian computers
CER computers
Mihajlo Pupin Institute