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CER model 10 was a
image:CER.10, designteam 1960.jpg, CER-10 designers: Rajko Tomovic, Tihomir Aleksic, et al.
image:CER-10 computer, Tanjug 1963..jpg, CER-10 at the
CER model 10 was a vacuum tube
A vacuum tube, electron tube, valve (British usage), or tube (North America), is a device that controls electric current flow in a high vacuum between electrodes to which an electric voltage, potential difference has been applied.
The type kn ...
, transistor
upright=1.4, gate (G), body (B), source (S) and drain (D) terminals. The gate is separated from the body by an insulating layer (pink).
A transistor is a semiconductor device used to Electronic amplifier, amplify or electronic switch, switch e ...
and electronic relay based computer
A computer is a machine that can be programmed to Execution (computing), carry out sequences of arithmetic or logical operations (computation) automatically. Modern digital electronic computers can perform generic sets of operations known as C ...
developed at IBK-Vinča and the Mihajlo Pupin Institute
Mihajlo Pupin Institute ( sr, Институт Михајло Пупин, Institut Mihajlo Pupin) is an institute based in Belgrade, Serbia. It is named after Mihajlo Idvorski Pupin and is part of the University of Belgrade.
It is notable for ma ...
(Belgrade
Belgrade ( , ;, ; Names of European cities in different languages: B, names in other languages) is the Capital city, capital and List of cities in Serbia, largest city in Serbia. It is located at the confluence of the Sava and Danube rivers a ...
) in 1960.CIFARSKI EL.RAČUNAR CER-Vinča, by dr Rajko Tomović et al., from the Proc. Conf.ETAN-1960, pp. 305–330, Belgrad Nov. 18th 1960 (in Serbian)HRONIKA DIGITALNIH DECENIJA (50 Years of Computing in Serbia), by D. B. Vujaklija, N. Markovic Ed, PC-press edition, Belgrade, 2011 (in Serbian) It was the first digital computer developed in SFR Yugoslavia
The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, commonly referred to as SFR Yugoslavia or simply as Yugoslavia, was a country in Central and Southeast Europe. It emerged in 1945, following World War II, and lasted until 1992, with the breakup of Yug ...
, and in Southern Europe.
CER-10 was designed by Tihomir Aleksić and his associates (Rajko Tomović, Vukašin Masnikosa, Ahmed Mandžić, Dušan Hristović, Petar Vrbavac and Milojko Marić) and was developed over four years. The team included 10 engineers and 10 technicians, as well as many others. After initial prototype testing at Vinča and a redesign at the M. Pupin Institute, it was fully deployed at the Tanjug
Tanjug (/'tʌnjʊg/) ( sr-cyr, Танјуг; sometimes stylized as TANJUG) was a Serbian state news agency based in Belgrade, which officially ceased to exist in March 2021. Since then, Belgrade based private company Tanjug Tačno, acquired the r ...
Agency building and worked there for the SKNE from 1961 and the Yugoslav government's SIV, from 1963 to 1967.Computer History: CER-10, by Dusan Hristovic, from IT Star Newsletter, vol.7, no.1, pp. 6–7, Spring 2009.Building Computers in Serbia, by Jelica Protic et al., ComSIS, vol.8, No 3, pp. 549–571, Belgrade June 2011.
The first CER-10 system was located at the SKNE (Federal secretary of internal affairs) building in 1961, which would later belong to Tanjug. The M. Pupin Institute donated the computer's case and some parts of the CER-10 along with its documentation to the Museum of Science and Technology in Belgrade in March 2006, where the computer's CPU is now displayed.
Specifications
* 1750vacuum tube
A vacuum tube, electron tube, valve (British usage), or tube (North America), is a device that controls electric current flow in a high vacuum between electrodes to which an electric voltage, potential difference has been applied.
The type kn ...
s
* 1500 transistor
upright=1.4, gate (G), body (B), source (S) and drain (D) terminals. The gate is separated from the body by an insulating layer (pink).
A transistor is a semiconductor device used to Electronic amplifier, amplify or electronic switch, switch e ...
s
* 14000 Germanium diode
A diode is a two-terminal electronic component that conducts current primarily in one direction (asymmetric conductance); it has low (ideally zero) resistance in one direction, and high (ideally infinite) resistance in the other.
A diode ...
s
* Magnetic core
A magnetic core is a piece of magnetic material with a high magnetic permeability used to confine and guide magnetic fields in electrical, electromechanical and magnetic devices such as electromagnets, transformers, electric motors, generators, in ...
primary memory
Computer data storage is a technology consisting of computer components and recording media that are used to retain digital data. It is a core function and fundamental component of computers.
The central processing unit (CPU) of a computer ...
: 4096 of 30-bit
The bit is the most basic unit of information in computing and digital communications. The name is a portmanteau of binary digit. The bit represents a logical state with one of two possible values. These values are most commonly represente ...
words
A word is a basic element of language that carries an objective or practical meaning, can be used on its own, and is uninterruptible. Despite the fact that language speakers often have an intuitive grasp of what a word is, there is no consen ...
* Secondary memory
Computer data storage is a technology consisting of computer components and recording media that are used to retain digital data. It is a core function and fundamental component of computers.
The central processing unit (CPU) of a compute ...
: punched tape
Five- and eight-hole punched paper tape
Paper tape reader on the Harwell computer with a small piece of five-hole tape connected in a circle – creating a physical program loop
Punched tape or perforated paper tape is a form of data storage ...
* Capable of performing min. 1600 additions per secondDevelopment of the Computing Technology in Serbia (Razvoj računarstva u Srbiji), by Dušan Hristović, PHLOGISTON journal, No 18/19, pp. 89–105, Museum MNT-SANU, Belgrade 2010/2011 (in Serbian)
Gallery
Tanjug
Tanjug (/'tʌnjʊg/) ( sr-cyr, Танјуг; sometimes stylized as TANJUG) was a Serbian state news agency based in Belgrade, which officially ceased to exist in March 2021. Since then, Belgrade based private company Tanjug Tačno, acquired the r ...
building, Belgrade 1963
image:CER10,Statistical_Unit.jpg, Statistical unit of the CER-10 computer.
image:Forum,CER10,Submemorije.jpg, Core memory subsystems of the CER-10.
image:CER10,Logical_units_of_the_CPU.jpg, Logical units of the CPU.
image:CER-Teleprinter.jpg, CER teletype
See also
*CER Computers
CER ( sh-Latn, Cifarski Elektronski Računar, lit=Digital Electronic Computer) was a series of early computers (based on vacuum tubes and transistors) developed by Mihajlo Pupin Institute in Yugoslavia in the 1960s and 1970s.
Models:
* CER-10 - 1 ...
* Mihajlo Pupin Institute
Mihajlo Pupin Institute ( sr, Институт Михајло Пупин, Institut Mihajlo Pupin) is an institute based in Belgrade, Serbia. It is named after Mihajlo Idvorski Pupin and is part of the University of Belgrade.
It is notable for ma ...
* History of computer hardware in the SFRY The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY) was a socialist country that existed in the second half of the 20th century. Being socialist meant that strict technology import rules and regulations shaped the development of computer history in ...
* List of vacuum tube computers
Vacuum-tube computers, now called first-generation computers, are programmable digital computers using vacuum-tube logic circuitry. They were preceded by systems using electromechanical relays and followed by systems built from discrete transis ...
* Rajko Tomović
Rajko Tomović (1919–2001) was a Serbs, Serbian and Yugoslavia, Yugoslav scientist, who developed research programs in robotics, medical information technologies, information technology, biomedical engineering, rehabilitation engineering, arti ...
References
External links
* http://www.pupin.rs/Profile {{Serbian computers Mihajlo Pupin Institute One-of-a-kind computers Vacuum tube computers CER computers