Calcium-binding and coiled-coil domain-containing protein 2 is a
protein
Proteins are large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acid residues. Proteins perform a vast array of functions within organisms, including catalysing metabolic reactions, DNA replication, res ...
that in humans is encoded by the ''CALCOCO2''
gene
In biology, the word gene (from , ; "... Wilhelm Johannsen coined the word gene to describe the Mendelian units of heredity..." meaning ''generation'' or ''birth'' or ''gender'') can have several different meanings. The Mendelian gene is a b ...
.
The protein encoded by this gene is a subunit of nuclear domain 10 (ND10) bodies. ND10 bodies are nuclear domains appearing immunohistochemically as ten dots per nucleus. They are believed to be associated with the
nuclear matrix
In biology, the nuclear matrix is the network of fibres found throughout the inside of a cell nucleus after a specific method of chemical extraction. According to some it is somewhat analogous to the cell cytoskeleton. In contrast to the cytoskelet ...
on the basis of their resistance to
nuclease digestion and salt extraction. ND10 proteins are removed from the nucleus by
HSV-1 infection and may have a role in viral life cycles.
CALCOCO2 is an
autophagy receptor, and loss of CALCOCO2 in human
beta cells
Beta cells (β-cells) are a type of cell found in pancreatic islets that synthesize and secrete insulin and amylin. Beta cells make up 50–70% of the cells in human islets. In patients with Type 1 diabetes, beta-cell mass and function are dim ...
has been linked to autophagy-mediated altered
insulin granule homeostasis. Thus, mutations in CALCOCO2 have been linked to
type 2 diabetes
Type 2 diabetes, formerly known as adult-onset diabetes, is a form of diabetes mellitus that is characterized by high blood sugar, insulin resistance, and relative lack of insulin. Common symptoms include increased thirst, frequent urinatio ...
risk.
References
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