A C-type lectin (CLEC) is a type of carbohydrate-binding
protein
Proteins are large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acid residues. Proteins perform a vast array of functions within organisms, including catalysing metabolic reactions, DNA replication, res ...
known as a
lectin
Lectins are carbohydrate-binding proteins that are highly specific for sugar groups that are part of other molecules, so cause agglutination of particular cells or precipitation of glycoconjugates and polysaccharides. Lectins have a role in rec ...
.
The C-type designation is from their requirement for
calcium
Calcium is a chemical element with the symbol Ca and atomic number 20. As an alkaline earth metal, calcium is a reactive metal that forms a dark oxide-nitride layer when exposed to air. Its physical and chemical properties are most similar ...
for binding. Proteins that contain C-type lectin domains have a diverse range of functions including cell-cell adhesion, immune response to pathogens and
apoptosis
Apoptosis (from grc, ἀπόπτωσις, apóptōsis, 'falling off') is a form of programmed cell death that occurs in multicellular organisms. Biochemical events lead to characteristic cell changes ( morphology) and death. These changes in ...
.
Classification
Drickamer ''et al.'' classified C-type lectins into 7 subgroups (I to VII) based on the order of the various
protein domains
In molecular biology, a protein domain is a region of a protein's polypeptide chain that is self-stabilizing and that folds independently from the rest. Each domain forms a compact folded three-dimensional structure. Many proteins consist of s ...
in each protein.
This classification was subsequently updated in 2002, leading to seven additional groups (VIII to XIV).
Most recently, three further subgroups were added (XV to XVII).
CLECs include:
*
CLEC1A,
CLEC1B
*
CLEC2A,
CLEC2B,
CD69
CD69 (Cluster of Differentiation 69) is a human transmembrane C-Type lectin protein encoded by the gene. It is an early activation marker that is expressed in hematopoietic stem cells, T cells, and many other cell types in the immune system. It is ...
(CLEC2C),
CLEC2D,
CLEC2L
*
CLEC3A,
CLEC3B
*
CLEC4A
C-type lectin domain family 4 member A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''CLEC4A'' gene.
This gene encodes a member of the C-type lectin/C-type lectin-like domain (CTL/CTLD) superfamily. Members of this family share a common protein ...
,
CLEC4C,
CLEC4D,
CLEC4E,
CLEC4F,
CLEC4G,
ASGR1 (CLEC4H1),
ASGR2 (CLEC4H2),
FCER2 (CLEC4J),
CD207 (CLEC4K),
CD209 (CLEC4L),
CLEC4M
*
CLEC5A
C-type lectin domain family 5 member A (CLEC5A), also known as C-type lectin superfamily member 5 (CLECSF5) and myeloid DAP12-associating lectin 1 (MDL-1) is a C-type lectin that in humans is encoded by the ''CLEC5A'' gene.
Structurally MDL-1 is ...
*
CLEC6A
*
CLEC7A
*
OLR1 (CLEC8A)
*
CLEC9A
*
CLEC10A
*
CLEC11A
*
CLEC12A,
CLEC12B
*
CD302 (CLEC13A),
LY75
CD205 also called Lymphocyte antigen 75 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''LY75'' gene
In biology, the word gene (from , ; "...Wilhelm Johannsen coined the word gene to describe the Mendelian units of heredity..." meaning ''ge ...
(CLEC13B),
PLA2R1 (CLEC13C),
MRC1
The mannose receptor (Cluster of Differentiation 206, CD206) is a C-type lectin primarily present on the surface of macrophages, immature dendritic cells and liver sinusoidal endothelial cells, but is also expressed on the surface of skin cells ...
(CLEC13D),
MRC2
The mannose receptor (Cluster of Differentiation 206, CD206) is a C-type lectin primarily present on the surface of macrophages, immature dendritic cells and liver sinusoidal endothelial cells, but is also expressed on the surface of skin cells ...
(CLEC13E)
*
CLEC14A
*
CLEC16A
*
CLEC17A
The "NK Cell lectin-like receptors" are a very closely related group:
*
KLRA1
*
KLRB1 (CLEC5B)
*
KLRC1,
KLRC2,
KLRC3,
KLRC4
*
KLRD1
*
KLRF1 (CLEC5C)
*
KLRG1 (CLEC15A),
KLRG2 (CLEC15B)
*
KLRK1
Additional proteins containing this domain include:
*
AGC1;
ATRNL1
*
BCAN
Brevican core protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''BCAN'' gene. Brevican is a member of the lectican protein family.
Brevican is localised to the surface of neurons in the brain. In melanocytic cells, BCAN gene expression may ...
*
CD248;
CD72;
CD93;
CHODL;
CL-K1-Ia;
CL-K1-Ib;
CL-K1-Ic;
CLECSF5;
COLEC10;
COLEC11;
COLEC12;
CSPG3
Neurocan core protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''NCAN'' gene.
Neurocan is a member of the lectican / chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan protein families and consists of neurocan core protein and chondroitin sulfate. It is thou ...
*
FCER2;
FREM1;
HBXBP;
*
LAYN;
LOC348174;
LOC728276
*
MAFA;
MBL2;
MGC34761;
MICL;
MRC1L1
*
OLR1
*
PAP;
PKD1;
PKD1L2;
PLA2R1;
PRG2;
PRG3
*
REG1A;
REG1B;
REG3A;
REG3G
Regenerating islet-derived protein 3 gamma (also Regenerating islet-derived protein III-gamma) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''REG3G'' gene.
Intestinal paneth cells produce REG3G (or REG3 gamma) via stimulation of toll-like rece ...
;
REG4
*
SELE;
SELL
Sell can refer to:
People
* Brenda Sell (born 1955), American martial arts instructor and highest ranking non-Korean female practitioner of taekwondo
* Brian Sell (born 1978), American retired long-distance runner
* Edward Sell (priest) (1839� ...
;
SELP;
SFTPA1
Surfactant protein A1 (SP-A1), also known as Pulmonary surfactant-associated protein A1 (PSP-A) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''SFTPA1'' gene.
Summary
SP-A1 is primarily synthesised in type II alveolar cells in the lung, as pa ...
;
SFTPA2
Surfactant protein A2 (SP-A2), also known as Pulmonary surfactant-associated protein A2 (PSP-A2) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SFTPA2 gene.
Summary
The protein encoded by this gene (SP-A2) is primarily synthesized in lung alv ...
;
SFTPA2B
Surfactant protein A2 (SP-A2), also known as Pulmonary surfactant-associated protein A2 (PSP-A2) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SFTPA2 gene.
Summary
The protein encoded by this gene (SP-A2) is primarily synthesized in lung alv ...
;
SFTPD;
SRCL
*
THBD
*
VCAN
References
External links
Functional Glycomics Gateway a collaboration between the
Consortium for Functional Glycomics
The Consortium for Functional Glycomics (CFG) is a large research initiative funded in 2001 by a glue grant from the National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS) to “define paradigms by which protein- carbohydrate interactions mediat ...
and
Nature Publishing Group
Nature Portfolio (formerly known as Nature Publishing Group and Nature Research) is a division of the international scientific publishing company Springer Nature that publishes academic journals, magazines, online databases, and services in scie ...
{{DEFAULTSORT:C-Type Lectin
Human proteins
Protein domains
Single-pass transmembrane proteins