Bṛhat Parāśara Horāśāstra

The Brihat Parashara Hora Shastra (Sanskrit: बृहत् पराशर होरा शास्त्र; IAST: '; abbreviated to BPHS) is the most comprehensive extant Śāstra on Vedic natal astrology, in particular the Horā branch (predictive astrology, e.g. horoscopes). Though ascribed to Maharṣi Parāśara, the origin and date of the original composition is unknown. The most popular version of the BPHS consists of 97 chapters, a 1984 translation by R. Santhanam.

Nomenclature

'bṛhat parāśara horā śāstra' (बृहत् पराशर होरा शास्त्र) can be loosely translated to examples such as 'the great book on horoscopy by Parashara' or 'Great Parashara's manual on Horoscopic astrology':

* 'bṛhat' (बृहत्) means 'great, large, wide, vast, abundant, compact, solid, massy, strong, mighty' or 'full-grown, old' or 'extended or bright (as a luminous body)' or 'clear, loud (said of sounds)'.
* 'parāśara' (पराशर) is the name of a Vedic Maharishi ('great Rishi')
* 'horā' (होरा) means ' horoscope or horoscopy'; also means "hour" or "time", from Greek(''ώρα'').
* 'śāstra' (शास्त्र) means 'compendium', 'book', 'manual', 'rule', 'instruction', 'science', and 'advice'.

Summary

The Jyotiṣa - Vedic Astrology - is one of the Vedāṅga or six disciplines linked with the Vedas to support Vedic rituals. The three branches of Jyotiṣa are:

* Horā: Predictive astrology (e.g. Natal (genethliac) astrology, horoscopic astrology, personal horoscopes, etc.)
* ''Siddhānta'': Mathematical astronomy (e.g. planetary distances, movements, sizes, strengths, etc.)
* Saṃhita: Mundane astrology (e.g. collective culture, community, and society)

The ''Bṛhat Parāśara Horā Śāstra'' is concerned with the predictive branch of Horā, used, for example, to determine the appropriate and most auspicious times for various events and ceremonies (i.e. depending on the anticipated planetary and star movements and positions).Flood, Gavin. Yano, Michio. 2003. ''The Blackwell Companion to Hinduism.'' Malden: Blackwell.

Origin and authenticity

J. Gonda states that at 'some time after 600 C.E..html" ;"title="Common_Era.html" ;"title="nowiki/>Common Era">C.E.">Common_Era.html" ;"title="nowiki/>Common Era">C.E.was written the ''purva-khanda'' of what was to become known as the ''Brhatparasarahora'' [''Brihat Parashara Hora Shastra''], ascribed to Parashara... [it] is deeply indebted to the [Brhajjataka of Varāhamihira, Varahamihira]; it has also borrowed two verses from Yavanajataka, Sphujidhvaja... and its existence is presupposed by the author of the ''uttara-khanda'', which was commented on by Govindasvamin in ca. 850 .E. Therefore, the ''purva-khanda'' must have been written between ca. 600 and 750... but before 800'.

Additionally Bhaṭṭotpala (circa 900 C.E.) was a Vedic astrologer that 'in his commentaries he wrote that though he had heard of he''Bṛhat Parāśara Horā Śāstra'', he had never seen it. Thus we know it was lost for at least nine hundred years, until new manuscripts emerged from the early 20th century (see below).

As such, there are doubts in regards to the authenticity of various manuscripts of the ''Bṛhat Parāśara Horā Śāstra'' (BPHS) that emerged centuries later. One concern raised is the apparent admission by Sitram Jha in his 1944 publication of the BPHS that he changed and removed elements of the manuscript. Another concern raised by Vedic Astrologers such as Shyamasundara Dasa 'that casts doubt on the veracity of the modern BPHS is the complete lack of any ancient commentary on the text. The oldest commentary known to me is that of Devacandra Jha's Hindi commentary from the first half of the 20th century, that is, less than 100 years old'.

Editions and translations

According to R. Santhanam and J. Gonda, the following are the modern translations (and manuscripts) of the ''Bṛhat Parāśara Horā Śāstra'' (BPHS):

Notes and references

References

* David Pingree, ' in J. Gonda (Ed.) ''A History of Indian Literature'', Vol VI Fasc 4 (1981)

External links

*Original text
बृहत्पाराशरहोराशास्त्र
* Translations online


* Translation and elaboration Onlin
''Brihat Parashara Hora Sastra'' By Maharishi Parashara
* Translation and commentar
''Brihat Parashara Hora Sastra''

{{DEFAULTSORT:Brihat Parashara Hora Shastra
Hindu astrological texts
Sanskrit texts
8th-century Indian books