''Burnupia'' is a genus of small

freshwater snail Freshwater snails are gastropod mollusks which live in fresh water. There are many different families. They are found throughout the world in various habitats, ranging from ephemeral pools to the largest lakes, and from small seeps and springs ...

s or

limpet Limpets are a group of aquatic snails that exhibit a conical shell shape (patelliform) and a strong, muscular foot. Limpets are members of the class Gastropoda, but are polyphyletic, meaning the various groups called "limpets" descended indep ...

s, aquatic

gastropod The gastropods (), commonly known as snails and slugs, belong to a large taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda (). This class comprises snails and slugs from saltwater, from freshwater, and from land. T ...

mollusk Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda, the members of which are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 85,000 extant species of molluscs are recognized. The number of fossil species is e ...

s that are traditionally placed in the family

Planorbidae Planorbidae, common name the ramshorn snails or ram's horn snails, is a family of air-breathing freshwater snails, aquatic pulmonate gastropod molluscs. Unlike most molluscs, the blood of ram's horn snails contains iron-based hemoglobin instea ...

. However, according to the

molecular marker A molecular marker is a molecule, sampled from some source, that gives information about its source. For example, DNA is a molecular marker that gives information about the organism from which it was taken. For another example, some proteins can be ...

s ( COI, 18S

rRNA Ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) is a type of non-coding RNA which is the primary component of ribosomes, essential to all cells. rRNA is a ribozyme which carries out protein synthesis in ribosomes. Ribosomal RNA is transcribed from ribosoma ...

), the genus ''Burnupia'' differs from ancylids and from

Planorboidea Planorboidea is a superfamily of air-breathing freshwater snails, aquatic pulmonate gastropod mollusks. All of the gastropods in this superfamily are sinistral in shell coiling. The monophyly of Planorboidea was confirmed by Albrecht et al ...

.Albrecht C., Wilke T., Kuhn K., Streit B. (2004). "Convergent evolution of shell shape in freshwater limpets: the African genus ''Burnupia''". ''

Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society The ''Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society'' is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering zoology published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Linnean Society. The editor-in-chief is Maarten Christenhusz (Linnean Society). ...

'' 140(4): 577-586. .

Distribution

This genus is generally confined to

Africa Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most populous continent, after Asia in both cases. At about 30.3 million km2 (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of Earth's total surface area ...

and

Brazil Brazil ( pt, Brasil; ), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: ), is the largest country in both South America and Latin America. At and with over 217 million people, Brazil is the world's fifth-largest country by area ...

.Brown D. S. (1994). ''Freshwater Snails of Africa and their Medical Importance''.

Taylor & Francis Taylor & Francis Group is an international company originating in England that publishes books and academic journals. Its parts include Taylor & Francis, Routledge, F1000 (publisher), F1000 Research or Dovepress. It is a division of Informa ...

. .

Species

The number of species in the genus ''Burnupia'' is highly uncertain and there are 21 specific names recognized. Also in 2011

IUCN Red List The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species, also known as the IUCN Red List or Red Data Book, founded in 1964, is the world's most comprehensive inventory of the global conservation status of biol ...

there are recognized 21 species: 19 of them are

Data Deficient A data deficient (DD) species is one which has been categorized by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) as offering insufficient information for a proper assessment of conservation status to be made. This does not necessaril ...

, and '' Burnupia crassistriata'' and '' Burnupia stuhlmanni'' with

Near Threatened A near-threatened species is a species which has been categorized as "Near Threatened" (NT) by the International Union for Conservation of Nature as that may be vulnerable to endangerment in the near future, but it does not currently qualify fo ...

status.IUCN (2011). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.1. . Retrieved 29 June 2011. There are probably "only few" species of ''Burnupia''. Species in the genus ''Burnupia'' include: * '' Burnupia alta'' Pilsbry & Bequaert, 1927 * '' Burnupia brunnea'' Walker, 1924 * '' Burnupia caffra'' (Krauss, 1848) - type species * '' Burnupia capensis'' (Walker, 1912) * '' Burnupia crassistriata'' (Preston, 1911) * '' Burnupia edwardiana'' Pilsbry & Bequaert, 1927 * '' Burnupia farquhari'' (Walker, 1912) * '' Burnupia gordonensis'' (Melvill & Ponsonby, 1903) * '' Burnupia ingae'' Lanzer, 1991 * '' Burnupia kempi'' (Preston, 1912) * '' Burnupia kimiloloensis'' Pilsbry & Bequaert, 1927 * '' Burnupia mooiensis'' (Walker, 1912) * '' Burnupia nana'' (Walker, 1912) * '' Burnupia obtusata'' Walker, 1926 * '' Burnupia ponsonbyi'' Walker, 1924 * '' Burnupia stenochorias'' (Melvill & Ponsonby, 1903) * '' Burnupia stuhlmanni'' (von Martens, 1897) * '' Burnupia transvaalensis'' (Craven, 1880) * '' Burnupia trapezoidea'' (Boettger, 1910) * '' Burnupia verreauxi'' (Bourguignat, 1853) * '' Burnupia walkeri'' Pilsbry & Bequaert, 1927

Ecology

''Burnupia'' live in well-oxygenated freshwater habitats.

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q290937 Planorbidae Taxonomy articles created by Polbot