Buckingham County is a rural
United States county located in the
Commonwealth
A commonwealth is a traditional English term for a political community founded for the common good. Historically, it has been synonymous with "republic". The noun "commonwealth", meaning "public welfare, general good or advantage", dates from the ...
of
Virginia, and containing the geographic center of the state. Buckingham County is part of the
Piedmont region of Virginia, and the
county seat is
Buckingham
Buckingham ( ) is a market town in north Buckinghamshire, England, close to the borders of Northamptonshire and Oxfordshire, which had a population of 12,890 at the 2011 Census. The town lies approximately west of Central Milton Keynes, sou ...
.
Buckingham County was created in 1761 from the southeastern portion of
Albemarle County
Albemarle County is a county located in the Piedmont region of the Commonwealth of Virginia. Its county seat is Charlottesville, which is an independent city and enclave entirely surrounded by the county. Albemarle County is part of the Char ...
and was predominantly farmland. The county was probably named in honor of the
Duke of Buckingham, though the precise origin is uncertain. Several changes were made to the borders, until the existing boundaries were established in 1860.
As of the
2020 census, the county population was 16,824. Buckingham is part of the
Charlottesville
Charlottesville, colloquially known as C'ville, is an independent city in the Commonwealth of Virginia. It is the county seat of Albemarle County, which surrounds the city, though the two are separate legal entities. It is named after Queen Ch ...
Metropolitan Statistical Area
In the United States, a metropolitan statistical area (MSA) is a geographical region with a relatively high population density at its core and close economic ties throughout the area. Such regions are neither legally Incorporated town, incorporate ...
.
History
Buckingham County, lying south of the
James River
The James River is a river in the U.S. state of Virginia that begins in the Appalachian Mountains and flows U.S. Geological Survey. National Hydrography Dataset high-resolution flowline dataThe National Map , accessed April 1, 2011 to Chesape ...
and in the Piedmont at the geographic center of the state, was established on May 1, 1761 from the southeastern portion of
Albemarle County
Albemarle County is a county located in the Piedmont region of the Commonwealth of Virginia. Its county seat is Charlottesville, which is an independent city and enclave entirely surrounded by the county. Albemarle County is part of the Char ...
. The origin of the county name probably comes from the
Duke of Buckingham (
Buckinghamshire, England). Some sources say that the county was named for Archibald Cary's estate "Buckingham," which was located on Willis Creek. This is the only Buckingham County in the United States.
In 1778 a small triangular area bordering the James River was given to
Cumberland County Cumberland County may refer to:
Australia
* Cumberland County, New South Wales
* the former name of Cumberland Land District, Tasmania, Australia
Canada
*Cumberland County, Nova Scotia
United Kingdom
*Cumberland, historic county
*Cumberla ...
. In 1845, another part was taken from Buckingham to form the northern portion of
Appomattox County. A final adjustment of the Appomattox-Buckingham county line was made in 1860, and Buckingham's borders then became fixed in their current form. A fire destroyed the courthouse (designed by Thomas Jefferson) in 1869, and most of the early records of this county were lost.
In the nineteenth century the county was settled more heavily by people migrating from the Tidewater area. It was devoted chiefly to plantations, worked by
enslaved African Americans. These were converted from tobacco cultivation to mixed farming and pulpwood harvesting as the markets changed and the soil became exhausted from tobacco. These new types of uses required fewer slaves, and many were sold from the Upper South in the domestic
slave trade to the
Deep South, where cotton cultivation expanded dramatically in the antebellum period.
During the twentieth century, Joe Thompson bought the Buckingham Mill. In 1945 he put into place the long system of utilizing grain which used sifters as the grain was ground. Seven years later he added grain elevators. This was the last mill to make flour in Buckingham County and represents a time when America relied on the small farm and small business owner.
In the 21st century, large tracts of land are held by companies such as WestVaco, which sell pulpwood and other timber products to the paper mills and wood product producers. It is still largely rural, with areas devoted to recreation such as fishing and hunting. The County is home to families who can trace their ancestry to the early colonial history of Virginia. Many families still live on tracts of land that were granted to their ancestors in that period. Some of the land grants were originally given to
French Huguenots
The Huguenots ( , also , ) were a religious group of French Protestants who held to the Reformed, or Calvinist, tradition of Protestantism. The term, which may be derived from the name of a Swiss political leader, the Genevan burgomaster Bez ...
, who resettled from
London, England in the southwestern part of the county in the early 1700s.
During the American Civil War, General
Robert E. Lee
Robert Edward Lee (January 19, 1807 – October 12, 1870) was a Confederate general during the American Civil War, towards the end of which he was appointed the overall commander of the Confederate States Army. He led the Army of Nort ...
's army marched through the county during his retreat on their way to surrender at
Appomattox, Virginia
Appomattox is a town in Appomattox County, Virginia, United States. The population was 1,733 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Appomattox County.
Appomattox is part of the Lynchburg Metropolitan Statistical Area.
History
The tow ...
. A marker in the cemetery o
Trinity Presbyterian Churchin New Canton reads,
According to the oral history of Trinity Presbyterian Church and this community, here are 45 Confederate and Union soldiers buried in mass graves directly behind this church. They left Appomattox after the surrender and headed for their homes north of here. Sick with disease, they died in a nearby camp. That they may not be forgotten, this plaque is placed by the Elliott Grays UDC Chapter #1877 2003.
In 2011, the county celebrated its 250th anniversary.
[Yeck, Joanne L. '' "At a Place Called Buckingham" ... Historic Sketches of Buckingham County, Virginia'' (Kettering, OH: Slate River Press, 2011).]
Geography
According to the
U.S. Census Bureau
The United States Census Bureau (USCB), officially the Bureau of the Census, is a principal agency of the U.S. Federal Statistical System, responsible for producing data about the American people and economy. The Census Bureau is part of the ...
, the county has a total area of , of which is land and (0.7%) is water.
The geographic center of Virginia is located in Buckingham County, near the
Mt. Rush community.
Adjacent counties
*
Fluvanna County
Fluvanna County is a county located in the Piedmont region of the Commonwealth of Virginia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 27,249. Its county seat is Palmyra, while the most populous community is the census designated place of La ...
- northeast
*
Cumberland County Cumberland County may refer to:
Australia
* Cumberland County, New South Wales
* the former name of Cumberland Land District, Tasmania, Australia
Canada
*Cumberland County, Nova Scotia
United Kingdom
*Cumberland, historic county
*Cumberla ...
- east
*
Prince Edward County - south
*
Appomattox County - southwest
*
Nelson County - west
*
Albemarle County
Albemarle County is a county located in the Piedmont region of the Commonwealth of Virginia. Its county seat is Charlottesville, which is an independent city and enclave entirely surrounded by the county. Albemarle County is part of the Char ...
- northwest
Major highways
*
*
*
*
*
Demographics
2020 census
''Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos can be of any race.''
2010 Census
As of the
census of 2010, there were 17,146 people and 5,695 households residing in the county. The
population density was 29.6 people per square mile (10/km
2). There were 7,294 housing units . The racial makeup of the county was 62.5%
White, 35.1%
Black
Black is a color which results from the absence or complete absorption of visible light. It is an achromatic color, without hue, like white and grey. It is often used symbolically or figuratively to represent darkness. Black and white have of ...
or
African American
African Americans (also referred to as Black Americans and Afro-Americans) are an ethnic group consisting of Americans with partial or total ancestry from sub-Saharan Africa. The term "African American" generally denotes descendants of enslav ...
alone, 0.3%
American Indian, 0.4%
Asian, 1.7%
Hispanic or
Latino, and 1.6% from two or more races. 60.9% of the population identified as White Alone, not Hispanic or Latino.
The largest ancestry groups are listed as 18.7%
American
American(s) may refer to:
* American, something of, from, or related to the United States of America, commonly known as the "United States" or "America"
** Americans, citizens and nationals of the United States of America
** American ancestry, pe ...
, 9.2%
English, and 5.4%
German
German(s) may refer to:
* Germany (of or related to)
**Germania (historical use)
* Germans, citizens of Germany, people of German ancestry, or native speakers of the German language
** For citizens of Germany, see also German nationality law
**Ge ...
. People of African American descent comprise 35.1% of the population, usually having European ancestry as well.
There were 5,965 households, out of which 26.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.1% were
married couples living together, 15.3% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.6 had a male householder with no wife present, and 31.1% were non-families. 26.1% of all households were made up of individuals living alone. The average household size was 2.48 and the average family size was 2.95.
In the county, the population was spread out, with 19.2% under the age of 18, .6% from 20 to 24, 13% from 25 to 34, 22.8% from 35 to 49, and 22% from 50–64, and 14.3% who were 65 years of age or older. There were 9,493 males and 7,653 females. The median age was 41.7.
The median income for a household in the county was $36,378. Males had a median income of $36,420 versus $32,327 for females. The
per capita income for the county was $16,938. About 21.1% of the population were below the
poverty line.
In education, 38.2% of the population over age 25 graduated high school (or equivalent), 13.9% had some college, no degree, 3.8% hold an associate degree, 10.9% hold a bachelor's degree, and 10.9% hold a Graduate or Professional degree.
Government
Board of Supervisors
*District 1: Dennis Davis
*District 2: Cameron Gilliam
*District 3: Don Matthews
*District 4: Thomas Jordan Miles III - 2022 Chairman
*District 5: Harry W. Bryant
*District 6: Joe N. Chambers, Jr. -2022 Vice-Chairman
*District 7: Danny R. Allen
Constitutional officers
*Clerk of the Circuit Court: Justin Midkiff
*Commissioner of the Revenue: Stephanie Love (D)
*Commonwealth's Attorney: E.M. Wright, Jr. (I)
*Sheriff: W.G. "Billy" Kidd, Jr. (I)
*Treasurer: Christy L. Christian (D)
*Chief of Police: Gene Dixon
State officials
*
Mark J. Peake (R) Virginia Senate
*
C. Matt Fariss (R) Virginia House of Delegates
Federal officials
Bob Good
Robert George Good (born September 11, 1965) is an American politician who is the U.S. representative in Virginia's 5th congressional district. He is a member of the Republican Party.
Early life and education
Good was born in Wilkes-Barre, ...
(R, VA-5) in the U.S. House of Representatives
Education
*Buckingham County High School
*Buckingham County Middle School
*Buckingham County Primary School
*Buckingham Preschool
*Central Virginia Christian School
Communities
Town
*
Dillwyn
Census-designated places
*
Buckingham Courthouse (Buckingham)
*
Yogaville
Yogaville, or Satchidananda Ashram, is the Buckingham County, Virginia headquarters of Satchidananda Saraswati's organisation.
Ashram
The ashram was founded in 1980 by Satchidananda Saraswati, whose western notability stems from his opening ...
Unincorporated communities
*
Arvonia
*
Mt. Rush
*
New Canton
*
Sprouses Corner
*
Union Hill
*Glenmore
Notable residents
*
Brigadier General William Lewis Cabell,
Confederate States of America Brigadier General
Brigadier general or Brigade general is a military rank used in many countries. It is the lowest ranking general officer in some countries. The rank is usually above a colonel, and below a major general or divisional general. When appointed to ...
, and three term Mayor of
Dallas,
Texas.
*
John Wayles Eppes
John Wayles Eppes (April 1772September 13, 1823) was an American lawyer and politician. He represented Virginia in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1803 to 1811 and again from 1813 to 1815. He also served in the U.S. Senate (1817–1819). H ...
,
United States Senator, Virginia; member,
United States House of Representatives, Virginia; member,
Virginia House of Delegates
The Virginia House of Delegates is one of the two parts of the Virginia General Assembly, the other being the Senate of Virginia. It has 100 members elected for terms of two years; unlike most states, these elections take place during odd-numbe ...
; son-in-law of U.S. President
Thomas Jefferson.
*
Peter Francisco,
American Revolutionary War
The American Revolutionary War (April 19, 1775 – September 3, 1783), also known as the Revolutionary War or American War of Independence, was a major war of the American Revolution. Widely considered as the war that secured the independence of t ...
hero.
*
Carter G. Woodson
Carter Godwin Woodson (December 19, 1875April 3, 1950) was an American historian, author, journalist, and the founder of the Association for the Study of African American Life and History (ASALH). He was one of the first scholars to study the ...
, historian, founder of Black History Month, "Father of Black History."
*
Clarice Taylor
Clarice Taylor (September 20, 1917 – May 30, 2011) was an American stage, film and television actress. She is best known for playing Cousin Emma on ''Sanford and Son'' and the mother of Cliff Huxtable Anna Huxtable on ''The Cosby Show''. and Mr ...
, American stage, film, and television actress.
*
Randolph Jefferson, younger brother of U.S. President
Thomas Jefferson.
*
Satchidananda Saraswati
Satchidananda Saraswati (; 22 December 1914 – 19 August 2002), born C. K. Ramaswamy Gounder and usually known as Swami Satchidananda, was an Indian yoga guru and religious teacher, who gained fame and following in the West. He founded his ow ...
(1922 – 2002), Indian spiritual teacher, helped bring
yoga to America.
*
Eugene Allen
Eugene Allen (July 14, 1919 – March 31, 2010) was an American waiter and butler who worked for the US government at the White House for 34 years until he retired as the head butler in 1986.
Allen's life was the inspiration for the 2013 film ' ...
, Head Butler at the White House for 34 years.
See also
*
National Register of Historic Places listings in Buckingham County, Virginia
References
External links
The official website of Buckingham County, VirginiaBuckingham County Public Schools
{{authority control
Virginia counties
1761 establishments in Virginia
Counties on the James River (Virginia)
Populated places established in 1761