Brooks's is a gentlemen's club in

St James's Street St James's Street is the principal street in the district of St James's, central London. It runs from Piccadilly downhill to St James's Palace and Pall Mall. The main gatehouse of the Palace is at the southern end of the road; in the 17th centur ...

, London. It is one of the oldest and most exclusive gentlemen's clubs in the world.

History

In January 1762, a private society was established at 50 Pall Mall by Messrs. Boothby and James in response to having been blackballed for membership of White's. This society then split to form the predecessors of both Brooks's and Boodle's. The club that was to become Brooks's was founded in March 1764 by twenty-seven prominent Whig nobles including the Duke of Portland, the Duke of Roxburghe, Lord Crewe and Lord Strathmore.

Charles James Fox Charles James Fox (24 January 1749 – 13 September 1806), styled ''The Honourable'' from 1762, was a prominent British Whig statesman whose parliamentary career spanned 38 years of the late 18th and early 19th centuries. He was the arch-riv ...

was elected as a member the following year at the age of sixteen. The club premises at 49 Pall Mall was a former tavern owned by William Almack as was the neighbouring 50 Pall Mall where the society had previously met and so the club become simply known as Almack's. These fashionable young men, known as Macaronis, would frequent the premises for the purposes of wining, dining and gambling. In September 1777 William Brooks, a wine merchant and money lender who acted as Master, or manager, for Almack's, commissioned Henry Holland to design and construct a purpose-built clubhouse at a site on neighbouring St James's Street. Paid for at Brooks's own expense, the building was completed in October 1778 and all existing members of Almack's were invited to join. Brooks's gamble paid off as all existing members swiftly moved into the new building and the club then took on Brooks's name as its own. Brooks himself however would not live long to enjoy this success, dying in poverty in 1782. The new clubhouse was built of yellow brick and

Portland stone Portland stone is a limestone from the Tithonian stage of the Jurassic period quarried on the Isle of Portland, Dorset. The quarries are cut in beds of white-grey limestone separated by chert beds. It has been used extensively as a building sto ...

in a

Palladian Palladian architecture is a European architectural style derived from the work of the Venetian architect Andrea Palladio (1508–1580). What is today recognised as Palladian architecture evolved from his concepts of symmetry, perspective and ...

style similar to Holland's early country houses. The main suite of rooms on the first floor consisted of the Great Subscription Room, Small Drawing Room and the Card Room. The interiors are in neoclassical style, the Great Subscription Room having a segmental

barrel vault A barrel vault, also known as a tunnel vault, wagon vault or wagonhead vault, is an architectural element formed by the extrusion of a single curve (or pair of curves, in the case of a pointed barrel vault) along a given distance. The curves are ...

ceiling. The interior of the building remained fairly unchanged until 1889 when neighbouring 2 Park Place, which had been purchased a few years before, was converted and adapted as part of Brooks's. The main historic attraction of Brooks's was its gambling rooms. At several tables in one, members would stake fortunes on

whist Whist is a classic English trick-taking card game which was widely played in the 18th and 19th centuries. Although the rules are simple, there is scope for strategic play. History Whist is a descendant of the 16th-century game of ''trump'' ...

and

hazard A hazard is a potential source of harm Harm is a moral and legal concept. Bernard Gert construes harm as any of the following: * pain * death * disability * mortality * loss of abil ity or freedom * loss of pleasure. Joel Feinberg giv ...

. Gambling all night was common; all day and all night, not unheard of. When the stakes far exceeded any ordinary expenses, all the club accounts were commonly deducted from winnings, so that no bills were rendered to members. Numerous eccentric bets were and are made in the Brooks's betting book. One extraordinary entry from 1785 is " Ld. Cholmondeley has given two guineas to Ld. Derby, to receive 500 Gs whenever his lordship fucks a woman in a balloon one thousand yards 00 mfrom the Earth." There is no further indication that the bet was paid, or even how they would check it if it was claimed. In 1978, the St James's Club amalgamated with Brooks's, adding to its membership some European royalty, members of the British diplomatic corps and writers. The portrait collection of Sir Francis Dashwood's infamous Dilettanti Society is housed at the Club and there is also an historic association with the infamous society of 18th-century

rake hells Rake may refer to: * Rake (stock character), a man habituated to immoral conduct * Rake (theatre), the artificial slope of a theatre stage Science and technology * Rake receiver, a radio receiver * Rake (geology), the angle between a feature on a ...

, the

Hellfire Club Hellfire Club was a name for several exclusive clubs for high-society rakes established in Britain and Ireland in the 18th century. The name most commonly refers to Francis Dashwood's Order of the Friars of St. Francis of Wycombe. Such clubs, ...

Notable former members

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Montague Guest Montague John Guest (29 March 1839 – 9 November 1909), was a British Liberal politician. Family A member of the prominent Guest family, he was the third son of Sir John Josiah Guest, 1st Baronet, and his second wife Lady Charlotte, daugh ...

(1839–1909) *

Charles Hanbury-Tracy, 4th Baron Sudeley Charles Douglas Richard Hanbury-Tracy, 4th Baron Sudeley PC FRS (3 July 1840 – 9 December 1922), styled The Honourable Charles Hanbury-Tracy from 1858 to 1877, was a British Liberal politician. He served as Captain of the Honourable Corps o ...

(1840–1922) *

Edward Heneage, 1st Baron Heneage Edward Heneage, 1st Baron Heneage, (29 March 1840 – 10 August 1922) was a British Liberal and Liberal Unionist politician. He was briefly Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster under William Ewart Gladstone between February and April 1886, when ...

(1840–1922) *

Henry Strutt, 2nd Baron Belper Henry Strutt, 2nd Baron Belper, (20 May 1840 – 26 July 1914), styled The Honourable Henry Strutt between 1856 and 1880, was a British businessman, courtier and politician. Initially a Liberal, he left the party over Irish Home Rule and later he ...

(1840–1914) *

Archibald Acheson, 4th Earl of Gosford Archibald Brabazon Sparrow Acheson, 4th Earl of Gosford, (19 August 1841 – 11 April 1922) was a British peer. The son of Archibald Acheson, 3rd Earl of Gosford, he was born at Worlingham Hall, Suffolk, in 1841, and educated at Harrow School; ...

(1841–1922) * Robert Haldane-Duncan, 3rd Earl of Camperdown (1841–1918) * Hamar Alfred Bass (1842–1898) * Robert Finlay, 1st Viscount Finlay (1842–1929) * Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice, 5th Marquess of Lansdowne (1845–1927) * Charles Cecil Cotes (1846–1898) *

Herbert Gardner, 1st Baron Burghclere Herbert Colstoun Gardner, 1st Baron Burghclere, (9 June 1846 – 6 May 1921) was a British Liberal politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1885 until he was raised to the peerage in 1895. He served as President of the Board of Agricu ...

(1846–1921) *

John Lawrence, 2nd Baron Lawrence John Hamilton Lawrence, 2nd Baron Lawrence (1 October 1846 – 22 August 1913) was a British peer and Conservative politician. Lawrence was the son of John Laird Lawrence, 1st Baron Lawrence, Viceroy of India, and Harriett Katherine Hamilton. Sir ...

(1846–1913) *

Edward Walter Hamilton Sir Edward Walter Hamilton, (7 July 1847 – 2 September 1908HAMILTON, Sir Edward Walter’, Who Was Who, A & C Black, 1920–2008; online edn, Oxford University Press, Dec 2007), also known as Eddy Hamilton, was a British political diarist and ...

(1847–1908) * Archibald Primrose, 5th Earl of Rosebery (1847–1929) * Victor Bruce, 9th Earl of Elgin (1849–1917) * Edward Marjoribanks, 2nd Baron Tweedmouth (1849–1909) *

Sir John Simeon, 4th Baronet Sir John Stephen Barrington Simeon, 4th Baronet DL (31 August 1850 – 1909) was one of the two Members of Parliament for Southampton at the end of the 19th century and the start of the 20th century. He was born at Swainston Manor in West Wight ...

(1850–1909) * Albert Grey, 4th Earl Grey (1851–1917) * Edward Ponsonby, 8th Earl of Bessborough (1851–1920) * Cromartie Sutherland-Leveson-Gower, 4th Duke of Sutherland (1851–1913) * Thomas Lister, 4th Baron Ribblesdale (1854–1925) *

George Venables-Vernon, 7th Baron Vernon George William Henry Venables-Vernon, 7th Baron Vernon PC (25 February 1854 – 15 December 1898), styled The Honourable George Venables-Vernon from 1866 to 1883, was a British Liberal politician. He served as Captain of the Honourable Corps of ...

(1854–1928) * William Mansfield, 1st Viscount Sandhurst (1855–1921) *

Richard Haldane, 1st Viscount Haldane Richard Burdon Haldane, 1st Viscount Haldane, (; 30 July 1856 – 19 August 1928) was a British lawyer and philosopher and an influential Liberal and later Labour politician. He was Secretary of State for War between 1905 and 1912 during wh ...

(1856–1928) * Francis Stonor, 4th Baron Camoys (1856–1897) * Robert Crewe-Milnes, 1st Marquess of Crewe (1858–1945) *

Herbrand Russell, 11th Duke of Bedford Herbrand Arthur Russell, 11th Duke of Bedford, (19 February 1858 – 27 August 1940) was an English politician and peer. He was the son of Francis Russell, 9th Duke of Bedford, and his wife Lady Elizabeth Sackville-West, daughter of George Sack ...

(1858–1940) *

Sir Charles Seely, 2nd Baronet Sir Charles Hilton Seely, 2nd Baronet, VD, KGStJ (7 July 1859 – 26 February 1926) was a British industrialist, landowner and Liberal Unionist (later Liberal Party) politician who served as Member of Parliament (MP) for Lincoln from 1895 to 190 ...

(1859–1926) *

Wentworth Beaumont, 1st Viscount Allendale Wentworth Canning Blackett Beaumont, 1st Viscount Allendale PC, JP, DL (2 December 1860 – 12 December 1923), styled The Hon. Wentworth Beaumont between 1906 and 1907, and Lord Allendale from 1907, was a British Liberal politician. Backgro ...

(1860–1923) * The Hon. Hubert Beaumont (1864–1922) * Sir John Fuller, 1st Baronet (1864–1913) *

Freeman Freeman-Thomas, 1st Marquess of Willingdon Freeman Freeman-Thomas, 1st Marquess of Willingdon (12 September 1866 – 12 August 1941), was a British Liberal politician and administrator who served as Governor General of Canada, the 13th since Canadian Confederation, and as Viceroy and Go ...

(1866–1941) * Wilfrid Ashley, 1st Baron Mount Temple (1867–1939) *

Victor Cavendish, 9th Duke of Devonshire Victor Christian William Cavendish, 9th Duke of Devonshire (31 May 18686 May 1938), known as Victor Cavendish until 1908, was a British peer and politician who served as Governor General of Canada. A member of the Cavendish family, he was ed ...

(1868–1938) * Oliver Russell, 2nd Baron Ampthill (1869–1935) * Christopher Vane, 10th Baron Barnard, CMG, OBE, MC, TD (1888–1964)

Born in the 20th century

* James Lees-Milne (1908–1997) *

Sir Isaiah Berlin Sir Isaiah Berlin (6 June 1909 – 5 November 1997) was a Russian-British social and political theorist, philosopher, and historian of ideas. Although he became increasingly averse to writing for publication, his improvised lectures and talks ...

, OM (1909–1997) * Sir Patrick Dean, GCMG (1909–1994) * Vane Ivanovic (1913–1999) * Patrick O'Brian

CBE The Most Excellent Order of the British Empire is a British order of chivalry, rewarding contributions to the arts and sciences, work with charitable and welfare organisations, and public service outside the civil service. It was established o ...

(1914–2000), author of the Aubrey-Maturin novels. *

Gordon Richardson, Baron Richardson of Duntisbourne Gordon William Humphreys Richardson, Baron Richardson of Duntisbourne (25 November 1915 – 22 January 2010) was a British banker, former lawyer, and former Governor of the Bank of England. Biography Richardson was born to John Robert and Nell ...

, KG, MBE, TD, PC, DL (1915–2010) * John Desmond Cronin (1916–1986) *

Charles Denman, 5th Baron Denman Charles Spencer Denman, 5th Baron Denman, (7 July 1916 – 21 November 2012), was a British businessman. His interest in the Middle East, formed during the Second World War, was the focus for most of his business endeavours. Early life Denman ...

, MC (1916–2012) * Sir Nigel Strutt, TD, DL (1916–2004) * George Jellicoe, 2nd Earl Jellicoe, KBE, DSO, MC, PC, FRS (1918–2007) * Sir Alan Campbell (1919–2007) * Henry Kitchener, 3rd Earl Kitchener, TD, DL (1919–2011) * Andrew Cavendish, 11th Duke of Devonshire (1920–2004) *

Roy Jenkins, Baron Jenkins of Hillhead Roy Harris Jenkins, Baron Jenkins of Hillhead, (11 November 1920 – 5 January 2003) was a British politician who served as President of the European Commission from 1977 to 1981. At various times a Member of Parliament (MP) for the Lab ...

(1920–2003) * John Colvin (1922–2003) * Sir Oliver Millar (1923–2007) *

Christopher James, 5th Baron Northbourne Christopher George Walter James, 5th Baron Northbourne, 6th Baronet, DL, FRICS (18 February 1926 – 8 September 2019), was a British farmer and aristocrat. He was one of the ninety hereditary peers elected to remain in the House of Lords aft ...

, DL (1926–2019) *

Alan Clark Alan Kenneth Mackenzie Clark (13 April 1928 – 5 September 1999) was a British Conservative Member of Parliament (MP), author and diarist. He served as a junior minister in Margaret Thatcher's governments at the Departments of Employment, Tra ...

(1928–1999)Mrs. Thatcher's Minister The Private Diaries of Alan Clark, p. 9. * Sir Richard Paniguian (1949–2017) *Sir Gavyn Farr Arthur (1951–2016) Lord Mayor of London

References

Sources

Edward Walford Edward Walford (1823–1897) was a British magazine editor and a compiler of educational, biographical, genealogical and touristic works, perhaps best known for his 6 Volumes of ''Old and New London'' (the first two of which were written by Geor ...

; ''Old and New London: Volume 4'', pp. 140–164; 1878 *F. H. W. Sheppard, ed.; ''Survey of London: volumes 29 and 30: St James Westminster, Part 1'', pp. 325–338; 1960. *

Christopher Hibbert Christopher Hibbert MC (born Arthur Raymond Hibbert; 5 March 1924 – 21 December 2008) was an English author, historian and biographer. He has been called "a pearl of biographers" (''New Statesman'') and "probably the most widely-read popular ...

; ''London, the Biography of a City''; 1969; William Morrow, NY *Robert Phipps Dod; ''Parliamentary Companion'' (various editions)

External links

{{Liberal-aligned gentlemen's clubs of London 1764 establishments in England Gentlemen's clubs in London Grade I listed buildings in the City of Westminster Liberalism in the United Kingdom Regency London