The Brodmann area 32, also known in the

human Humans (''Homo sapiens'') are the most abundant and widespread species of primate, characterized by bipedalism and exceptional cognitive skills due to a large and complex brain. This has enabled the development of advanced tools, culture, ...

brain A brain is an organ that serves as the center of the nervous system in all vertebrate and most invertebrate animals. It is located in the head, usually close to the sensory organs for senses such as vision. It is the most complex organ in ...

as the dorsal anterior cingulate area 32, refers to a subdivision of the cytoarchitecturally defined

cingulate cortex The cingulate cortex is a part of the brain situated in the medial aspect of the cerebral cortex. The cingulate cortex includes the entire cingulate gyrus, which lies immediately above the corpus callosum, and the continuation of this in the ci ...

. In the human it forms an outer arc around the anterior cingulate gyrus. The

cingulate sulcus The cingulate sulcus is a sulcus (brain fold) on the cingulate cortex in the medial wall of the cerebral cortex. The frontal and parietal lobes are separated from the cingulate gyrus by the cingulate sulcus. It terminates as the marginal sulcus ...

defines approximately its inner boundary and the superior rostral sulcus (H) its ventral boundary; rostrally it extends almost to the margin of the

frontal lobe The frontal lobe is the largest of the four major lobes of the brain in mammals, and is located at the front of each cerebral hemisphere (in front of the parietal lobe and the temporal lobe). It is parted from the parietal lobe by a groove be ...

. Cytoarchitecturally it is bounded internally by the

ventral anterior cingulate area 24 Brodmann area 24 is part of the anterior cingulate in the human brain. Human In the human this area is known as ventral anterior cingulate area 24, and it refers to a subdivision of the cytoarchitecturally defined cingulate cortex region of ce ...

, externally by medial margins of the

agranular frontal area 6 Brodmann area 6 (BA6) is part of the frontal cortex in the human brain. Situated just anterior to the primary motor cortex ( BA4), it is composed of the premotor cortex and, medially, the supplementary motor area (SMA). This large area of the fro ...

, intermediate frontal area 8,

granular frontal area 9 Brodmann area 9, or BA9, refers to a cytoarchitecturally defined portion of the frontal cortex in the brain of humans and other primates. It contributes to the dorsolateral and medial prefrontal cortex. Functions The area is involved in sho ...

, frontopolar area 10, and prefrontal area 11-1909. (Brodmann19-09). The dorsal region of the anterior cingulate gyrus is associated with rational thought processes, most notably active during the

Stroop task ---- ---- Naming the font color of a printed word is an easier and quicker task if word meaning and font color are congruent. If two words are both printed in red, the average time to say "red" in response to the written word "green" is ...

Guenon

In the

guenon The guenons (, ) are Old World monkeys of the genus ''Cercopithecus'' (). Not all members of this genus have the word "guenon" in their common names; also, because of changes in scientific classification, some monkeys in other genera may have co ...

, Brodmann area 32 is a subdivision of the cytoarchitecturally defined cingulate region of cerebral cortex. This area was named 25 in Brodmann-1905 and labeled 25 in a figure contributed by Brodmann in Mauss-1908. In Brodmann-1909, however, the area was labeled 32 and the name "area 25" was attached to the area that has since been the accepted area 25 of Brodmann-1909 (Vogt-87). Distinguishing features according to Brodmann-1905: in contrast with area 6 of Brodmann-1909 the cortex of area 32 is relatively thick; the transition from cortex to

white matter White matter refers to areas of the central nervous system (CNS) that are mainly made up of myelinated axons, also called tracts. Long thought to be passive tissue, white matter affects learning and brain functions, modulating the distribut ...

is more gradual; the distribution of cells is less dense; and there is no distinct boundary between the inner pyramidal layer (V) and the

multiform layer The cerebral cortex, also known as the cerebral mantle, is the outer layer of neural tissue of the cerebrum of the brain in humans and other mammals. The cerebral cortex mostly consists of the six-layered neocortex, with just 10% consisting o ...

(VI); it is similar to area 6 in the general absence of distinct layers, particularly of an internal granular layer (IV), but differs in that cells are smaller and there is an increased density of medium-sized

pyramidal cell Pyramidal cells, or pyramidal neurons, are a type of multipolar neuron found in areas of the brain including the cerebral cortex, the hippocampus, and the amygdala. Pyramidal neurons are the primary excitation units of the mammalian prefrontal c ...

s at the level of layer IV; this population of cells makes area 32 similar to the neighboring area 24 of Brodmann-1909; it differs from area 24 by its greater overall thickness and a particularly thick layer VI that merges gradually with the subcortical white matter. Brodmann-1909 regarded area 32 as

topological In mathematics, topology (from the Greek words , and ) is concerned with the properties of a geometric object that are preserved under continuous deformations, such as stretching, twisting, crumpling, and bending; that is, without closing ...

ly, but not cytoarchitecturally, homologous to the human dorsal anterior cingulate area 32;

area 25 of Walker Area is the quantity that expresses the extent of a region on the plane or on a curved surface. The area of a plane region or ''plane area'' refers to the area of a shape or planar lamina, while ''surface area'' refers to the area of an open ...

-1940 is topologically homologous to area 32.

Image

File:Brodmann area 32 animation small.gif, Animation. File:Brodmann area 32 medial.jpg, Medial view.

External links

* Se
BrainInfo
for Brodmann area 32

{{Prosencephalon 32 Medial surface of cerebral hemisphere

Guenon

Image

See also

External links