Brindavani Sarang or Brindabani Sarang, also known as raga Sarang, is a

Hindustani classical Hindustani classical music is the classical music of northern regions of the Indian subcontinent. It may also be called North Indian classical music or, in Hindustani, ''shastriya sangeet'' (). It is played in instruments like the violin, sita ...

raga. It is also called Vridavani Sarang. This raga falls under the category of Sarang ragas.

Theory

Brindabani Sarang is a

Kafi Kafi ( pa, ਕਾਫ਼ੀ (Gurmukhi), (Shahmukhi), Hindi: काफ़ी, Urdu: کافی, Sindhi:ڪافي) is a classical form of Sufi music mostly in the Siraiki, Punjabi and Sindhi languages and originating from the Punjab, and Sindh re ...

thaat A Thaat () is a "Parent scale" in North Indian or Hindustani music. It is the Hindustani equivalent of the term ''Melakartha raga'' of Carnatic Music. The concept of the ''thaat'' is not exactly equivalent to the western musical scale because t ...

raga. It was created by Swami Haridas. The associated mythology being that he brought Lord

Krishna Krishna (; sa, कृष्ण ) is a major deity in Hinduism. He is worshipped as the eighth avatar of Vishnu and also as the Supreme god in his own right. He is the god of protection, compassion, tenderness, and love; and is one ...

to earth by singing this raga who took the form of an idol which can still be seen in

Mathura Mathura () is a city and the administrative headquarters of Mathura district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. It is located approximately north of Agra, and south-east of Delhi; about from the town of Vrindavan, and from Govardhan. ...

. One of the famous Ragas for the Sarang , it is a popular of this family, together with Shuddha Sarang, and Madhyamad Sarang. The name Brindavani Sarang is a testament to its popularity in the region around Mathura. The notes ''Ga'' and ''Dha'' are not used in this raga. A characteristic of all Sarang is the way ''Rishab'' (Re) is sung. The Rishabh is not accorded embellishments, so it is sung without any ''meenḍ'' of adjacent ''swara''s neither with any ''andolan''. This preeminence of Re makes the ''swar'' the ''vadi'' of this Raga as also for all other varieties of this family (). Another dominant phrase is Sa - Ni - Pa, also used in many other ragas, notably the popular Kanhada family. The distinguishing factor being that the Ni in Kanhada's S-N-P takes a ''kaṇ'' of the Pa (of ), with a effect, whereas the Ni of Sa-Ni-Pa in Sarang is rendered pure. Brindavani Sarang's classification in thaat Kaafi is peculiar as it uses the shuddha form of "Ni" in its Aaroha, whereas the form of "ni" and "ga" is the main characteristic of the Kaafi thaat. So it is possible to make a mistake in identifying its thaat as

Khamaj Khamaj () is a Hindustani classical Music raga within the Khamaj thaat which is named after it. Many ghazals and thumris are based on Khamaj. It utilises the shuddha (pure) form of Ni on the ascent, and the komala (flat) form of Ni on the desce ...

. This raga evokes the sringara rasa - romantic love.

Aroha and Avaroha

Arohana Arohana, Arohanam or Aroha, in the context of Indian classical music, is the ascending scale of notes in a raga.''Ragas in Carnatic music'' by Dr. S. Bhagyalekshmy, ''Glossary'' pages, Pub. 1990, CBH Publications The pitch increases as we ...

: N S R M P N S'

Avarohana An Avarohana, Avarohanam or Avaroha, in the context of Indian classical music, is the descending scale of any raga.''Ragas in Carnatic music'' by Dr. S. Bhagyalekshmy, ''Glossary'' pages, Pub. 1990, CBH Publications The notes descend in pitch ...

: Ni '' svara'' is ''Shuddha'' in ''Arohana'' and ''Komal'' in Avarohana.

Vadi and Samavadi

Vadi:

Rishabha Rishabhanatha, also ( sa, ऋषभदेव), Rishabhadeva, or Ikshvaku is the first (Supreme preacher) of Jainism and establisher of Ikshvaku dynasty. He was the first of twenty-four teachers in the present half-cycle of time in Jain co ...

(re)

Samavadi The Samavadi is the second-most prominent (though not necessarily second-most played) note of a raga in Indian classical music. The primary note of the raga is the '' vadi''; the vadi and samvadi are in most cases a fourth or fifth apart. A ''s ...

Panchama Pancham is the fifth svara from the seven svaras of Hindustani music and Carnatic music. Pancham is the long form of the syllable प. For simplicity in pronouncing while singing the syllable, Pancham is pronounced as Pa (notation - P). It is al ...

(pa)

Pakad or Chalan

Ni Sa Re Ma Re Pa Ma Re Ni Sa R M P n - PMR, M- R N S R-S

Organisation and relationships

Thaat A Thaat () is a "Parent scale" in North Indian or Hindustani music. It is the Hindustani equivalent of the term ''Melakartha raga'' of Carnatic Music. The concept of the ''thaat'' is not exactly equivalent to the western musical scale because t ...

Kafi Thaat Kafi () is one of the ten basic thaats of Hindustani music from the Indian subcontinent. It is also the name of a raga ( Kharaharapriya) within this thaat. Description Kafi thaat makes use of the Komal Gandhara and Komal Nishad. So basically i ...

Samay (Time)

Madhyanah (noon), Afternoon. It is generally sung as Rajasthani folksongs.

Seasonality

It is generally regarded as a of summer season.

Rasa

Shringar Rasa: The Rasa of Romance. It creates a romantic and mystic atmosphere.

Related Raga

Madhumad Sarang has the Shuddha Ni dropped or Varjit (excluded). It is still considered a chanchal raga. Megh malhar has same notes but it is Dhrupad ''anga'' raga and is serious in rendering, with a lot of . Another distinguishing factor is that while Rishabh is used extensively in Megh Malhar (as also in Sarang), the Rishabh there takes a very strong meenḍ from Madhyam (Me), a salient in the singing of ''meenḍ''-heavy Megh.

Carnatic compositions

''Kamalaptakula'' by

Tyagaraja Thyagaraja (Telugu: త్యాగరాజ) (4 May 1767 – 6 January 1847), also known as Thyāgayya and in full as Kakarla Thyagabrahmam, was a composer and vocalist of Carnatic music, a form of Indian classical music. Tyagaraja and his ...

and ''Rangapura Vihara'' by Muthuswami Deekshithar ''Aathma Nivedanam'' by Thulaseevanam ''Eke mamathe kottu'' by

Gopala Dasa Gopala Dasa (1721–1769) was a prominent 18th-century Kannada language poet and saint belonging to the Haridasa tradition. With other contemporary Haridasas such as Vijaya Dasa and Jagannatha Dasa, Gopala Dasa propagated the Dvaita philosophy ...

Kannada Kannada (; ಕನ್ನಡ, ), originally romanised Canarese, is a Dravidian language spoken predominantly by the people of Karnataka in southwestern India, with minorities in all neighbouring states. It has around 47 million native s ...

''Arige Vadhuvade'' By

Purandara Dasa Purandara Dasa ( IAST: Purandara dāsa) ( 1470 – 1565) was a Haridasa philosopher and a follower of Madhwacharya 's Dwaitha philosophy -saint from present-day Karnataka, India. He was a composer, singer and one of the chief founding-pr ...

''Ranga banda brindavanadalli by

Vyasatirtha Vyāsatīrtha (. 1460 – 1539), also called ''Vyasaraja'' or ''Chandrikacharya'', was a Hindu philosopher, scholar, polemicist, commentator and poet belonging to the Madhwacharya's Dvaita order of Vedanta. As the patron saint of the Vija ...

''Ananda Mayage'' By

Vadiraja Tirtha Sri Vadiraja Teertharu (1480 – 1600) was a Dvaita philosopher, poet, traveller and mystic. A polymath of his time, he authored many works, often polemical, on Madhva theology and metaphysics. Additionally, he composed numerous poems and as ...

''Iko Node Ranganathana'' By

Sripadaraja Sripadaraja ( sa, श्रीपादराज; ) or Sripadaraya, also known by his pontifical name Lakshminarayana Tirtha (1422 - 1480), was a Hindu Dvaita philosopher, scholar and composer and the pontiff of the Madhvacharya mutt at Mul ...

''Amburuhânanâ'' by Kalyani Varadarajan ''Kaliyuga Varadhan'' by Periyasami Thooran ''Thillana'' in Brindavani Sarang by M. Balamuralikrishna

Film songs

Tamil language

Hindi language

Malayalam language

Other songs

References

*Bor, Joep ''(ed).'' Rao, Suvarnalata; der Meer, Wim van; Harvey, Jane ''(co-authors)'' ''The Raga Guide: A Survey of 74 Hindustani Ragas''. Zenith Media, London: 1999.

External links

SRA on Samay and Ragas

Rajan Parrikar on Ragas

Film Songs in Rag Brindavani Sarang

{{DEFAULTSORT:Brindabani Sarang Hindustani ragas Janya ragas (kharaharapriya)