Bohdan Mykolayovych Stashynsky ( uk, Богда́н Микола́йович Сташи́нський, born 4 November 1931) is a former
Soviet spy
The KGB (russian: links=no, lit=Committee for State Security, Комитет государственной безопасности (КГБ), a=ru-KGB.ogg, p=kəmʲɪˈtʲet ɡəsʊˈdarstvʲɪn(ː)əj bʲɪzɐˈpasnəsʲtʲɪ, Komitet gosud ...
who assassinated the
Ukrainian nationalist leaders
Lev Rebet
Lev Rebet (March 3, 1912 – October 12, 1957) was a Ukrainian political writer and anti-communist during World War II. He was a key cabinet member in the Ukrainian government (backed by Stepan Bandera's faction of OUN) which proclaimed independ ...
and
Stepan Bandera in the late 1950s. He defected in
West Berlin in 1961.
Early biography
Born to a family of villagers in Barszowice near
Lwów, Stashynsky completed his early education in 1948 and studied to become a teacher. His family were supporters of the
Ukrainian Insurgent Army (UPA). Stashynsky's three sisters were members of the organization. In 1950, Stashynsky was arrested for traveling without a ticket on public transportation to Lviv from his village. After agreeing to act as an
informer, he was released. Through his sisters, he infiltrated the workings of the UPA and forwarded the information to the
MGB.
In 1953, he was sent to
Kyiv to continue studies in
espionage. In 1954, he was sent to
East Germany under the name Josef Lehmann where he perfected his knowledge of German. In 1956, Stashynsky often traveled to
Munich,
West Germany, where he began to perfect his false identity.
Assassin
Stashynsky received the instructions to carry out the assassination directly from the headquarters of the
KGB
The KGB (russian: links=no, lit=Committee for State Security, Комитет государственной безопасности (КГБ), a=ru-KGB.ogg, p=kəmʲɪˈtʲet ɡəsʊˈdarstvʲɪn(ː)əj bʲɪzɐˈpasnəsʲtʲɪ, Komitet gosud ...
in Moscow. At that time,
Alexander Shelepin
Alexander Nikolayevich Shelepin (; 18 August 1918 – 24 October 1994) was a Soviet politician and security and intelligence officer. A long-time member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, he served as First Depu ...
was Chairman of the
Committee for State Security of the
Council of Ministers. The assassination was known to and approved by the
Chairman
The chairperson, also chairman, chairwoman or chair, is the presiding officer of an organized group such as a board, committee, or deliberative assembly. The person holding the office, who is typically elected or appointed by members of the gro ...
of the Council of Ministers of the USSR,
Nikita Khrushchev.
In 1957, the KGB trained the 25-year-old Stashynsky to use a spray gun that fired a jet of poison gas from a crushed
cyanide
Cyanide is a naturally occurring, rapidly acting, toxic chemical that can exist in many different forms.
In chemistry, a cyanide () is a chemical compound that contains a functional group. This group, known as the cyano group, consists of a ...
capsule. The gas was designed to induce cardiac arrest, making the victim's death look like a heart attack. Stashynsky used the weapon to kill
Lev Rebet
Lev Rebet (March 3, 1912 – October 12, 1957) was a Ukrainian political writer and anti-communist during World War II. He was a key cabinet member in the Ukrainian government (backed by Stepan Bandera's faction of OUN) which proclaimed independ ...
in 1957. On 15 October 1959, he used an improved version of the same gas gun to assassinate
Stepan Bandera in
Munich.
Stashynsky was honoured by Moscow with the
Order of the Red Banner by Shelepin for his work and given his final assignment to kill
Yaroslav Stetsko
Yaroslav Semenovich Stetsko (; 19 January 1912 – 5 July 1986) was a Ukrainian politician, writer and Nazi collaborator, who served as the leader of Stepan Bandera's Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists (OUN), from 1968 until his death. Du ...
. Stetsko, also living in Munich, was a prominent anti-Soviet Ukrainian
fascist leader and also the President of the
Anti-Bolshevik Bloc of Nations
Anti-Bolshevik Bloc of Nations (ABN) was an international ultra-nationalist organization founded as a coordinating center for anti-communist and nationalist émigré political organizations from Soviet and other socialist countries. The ABN formati ...
. He was to be assassinated in 1960, but it could not be perpetrated for reasons which have not been clarified.
Defection
Stashynsky met and fell in love with an East German woman, Inge Pohl, in 1957. At first his bosses tried to persuade him not to marry a foreigner, but he persisted. However, the KGB demanded that Pohl become a Soviet citizen and KGB agent. Although he was unhappy with the arrangement, Stashynsky nevertheless agreed as it was the only way he could marry Pohl. After they were married, the KGB bugged their Moscow apartment and heard them express anti-Soviet sentiments. The KGB would not let the couple travel abroad together out of fear of defection, which the couple was indeed planning.
In 1961, Inge returned to East Berlin to give birth to their son, Peter, but Stashynsky was unable to visit them. In August, Peter suddenly developed a fever and died at four months old. The KGB relented after the family tragedy and allowed him to travel to East Berlin for the baby's funeral. Against KGB orders, Stashynsky took his Joseph Lehmann identity card with him to East Germany, as well as other documents that would confirm his identity as a KGB agent. On 13 August 1961, hours before their son's funeral, Stashynsky and his wife fled on foot from her parents’ home in
Dallgow, walking to the town of
Falkensee
Falkensee is a town in the Havelland district, Brandenburg, Germany. It is the most populated municipality of its district and it is situated at the western border of Berlin.
History
The commune Falkensee was formed in 1923 by the merger of Fa ...
to avoid any KGB agents that would intercept them at the Dallgow train station. They took a taxi to East Berlin, where he used the Lehmann identity card at a checkpoint. They then traveled to
West Berlin via train, where he defected to U.S. officials at a police station.
The
CIA
The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA ), known informally as the Agency and historically as the Company, is a civilian foreign intelligence service of the federal government of the United States, officially tasked with gathering, processing, ...
was suspicious of Stashynsky, who was flown to Frankfurt for interrogation and doubtful of his claims that he had assassinated Rebet and Bandera. The CIA was unaware that Rebet had been murdered, and Stashynsky's account of his assassination of Bandera was inconsistent with what the U.S. knew of his death. The CIA had concluded that Bandera had been poisoned by someone close to him, and Stashynsky's claim of shooting him with a poison spray gun seemed farfetched. They concluded that Stashynsky "would not be valuable operationally as a double agent, that he was not a bona fide defector and the individual he purported to be."
After three weeks, the CIA – believing Stashynsky to be useless – handed him over to West German authorities, who now began to investigate him for the two murders. At first, the West German police were also suspicious of his stories, but after interrogation and visits to the two murder sites, where Stashynsky re-enacted the killings, authorities determined that Stashynsky was telling the truth.
After Stashynsky's defection, the Soviet government tried to avert negative exposure. On 13 October 1961, the Soviet Union arranged a press conference in East Berlin where Soviet secret service agent
Stefan Lippolz blamed the murder on the cashier of Bandera's own organization,
Dmytro Myskiv, who had since died. However, it was established that Dmytro Myskiv was not in Munich when Bandera was assassinated but was in
Rome at the time.
Stashynsky was put on trial for the two murders in October 1962, and sentenced to eight years in prison. Very unusually, legally Stashinskyi was an
accessory to his own crime. In German law there is no minimum and maximum penalty for assisting a crime. Getting good-time credit, he served 4 years and was released. Explaining what motivated him to kill Rebet, Stashynsky told a court that he had been told that Rebet was "the leading theorist of the Ukrainians in exile," since "in his newspapers ''Suchasna Ukrayina'' (''Contemporary Ukraine''), ''Chas'' (''Time''), and ''Ukrayinska Trybuna'' (''Ukrainian Tribune'') he not so much provided accounts of daily events as developed primarily ideological issues."
According to West German Intelligence chief
Reinhard Gehlen
Reinhard Gehlen (3 April 1902 – 8 June 1979) was a German lieutenant-general and intelligence officer. He was chief of the Wehrmacht Foreign Armies East military intelligence service on the eastern front during World War II, spymaster of t ...
,
...Bohdan Stashinskyi, who had been persuaded by his German-born wife Inge to confess to the crimes and take the load off his troubled conscience, stuck resolutely to his statements. His testimony convinced the investigating authorities. He reconstructed the crimes exactly as they had happened, revisiting the crumbling business premises at the Stachus, in the heart of Munich, where Lev Rebet had entered the office of a Ukrainian exile newspaper, his suitcase in his hand. And he showed how the hydrogen cyanide capsule had exploded in Rebet's face and how he had left him slumped over the rickety staircase. The case before the Federal court began on October 8, 1962, and world interest in the incident was revived. Passing sentence eleven days later, the court identified Stashinskyi's unscrupulous employer Shelyepin as the person primarily responsible for the hideous murders, and the defendant – who had given a highly credible account of the extreme pressure applied to him by the KGB to act as he did – received a comparatively mild sentence. He served most of it and was released. Today the KGB's 'torpedo' is living as a free man somewhere in the world he chose on that day in the summer of 1961, a few days before the wall
A wall is a structure and a surface that defines an area; carries a load; provides security, shelter, or soundproofing; or, is decorative. There are many kinds of walls, including:
* Walls in buildings that form a fundamental part of the super ...
was erected across Berlin.
In 1966, Stashynsky was released from prison early on parole and was reportedly handed over to the CIA. According to the historian of the Soviet state security organs Boris Volodarsky, after Stashynsky was released from prison, he underwent plastic surgery. Bohdan Stashynsky and Inge Stashinsky were given new identities and provided asylum by
South Africa in 1984, where they live under false names to this day, although this version is questioned by many. The further fate of Stashinsky and his wife is unknown. It is suggested that he may have settled in the United States or another Western country, with some reports in the 2000s suggesting that, together with Inge, he had visited his native village in present-day Ukraine.
See also
*
List of Eastern Bloc defectors
References
Further reading
*
Symon Petliura, Yevhen Konovalets, Stepan Bandera -Three Leaders of Ukrainian Liberation Movement murdered by the Order of Moscow. Ukrainian Publishers Limited. 237, Liverpool Road, London, United Kingdom. 1962. (audiobook).
*Boris Volodarsky (2009). ''The KGB's Poison Factory: From Lenin to Litvinenko''. Frontline Books. pp. 182–9
*Serhii Plokhy, ''The Man With the Poison Gun: A Cold War Spy Story.'' New York: Basic Books, 2016.
*
External links
Echo of the Arrest of the MurdererLev RebetHow the KGB organized the assassination of Bandera. (Як КДБ організовував убивство Бандери)
{{DEFAULTSORT:Stashynsky, Bohdan
1931 births
Possibly living people
People from Lviv Oblast
Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists
KGB officers
Soviet defectors
Recipients of the Order of the Red Banner
Soviet people imprisoned abroad
Soviet people convicted of murder
People convicted of murder by Germany
Soviet intelligence personnel who defected to the West
Soviet emigrants to South Africa
Soviet assassins