The Bohai Economic Rim (BER) or Bohai Bay Economic Rim (BBER) is the economic region surrounding Tianjin (Tientsin). It also includes areas in Hebei,

Liaoning Liaoning () is a coastal province in Northeast China that is the smallest, southernmost, and most populous province in the region. With its capital at Shenyang, it is located on the northern shore of the Yellow Sea, and is the northernmost ...

and

Shandong Shandong ( , ; ; alternately romanized as Shantung) is a coastal province of the People's Republic of China and is part of the East China region. Shandong has played a major role in Chinese history since the beginning of Chinese civilizati ...

surrounding the Bohai Sea. This region has undergone major economic and

infrastructural Infrastructure is the set of facilities and systems that serve a country, city, or other area, and encompasses the services and facilities necessary for its economy, households and firms to function. Infrastructure is composed of public and priv ...

changes and is an emerging economic powerhouse of

North China North China, or Huabei () is a List of regions of China, geographical region of China, consisting of the provinces of Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Shanxi and Inner Mongolia. Part of the larger region of Northern China (''Beifang''), it lies north ...

, rivaling both the

Pearl River Delta The Pearl River Delta Metropolitan Region (PRD; ; pt, Delta do Rio das Pérolas (DRP)) is the low-lying area surrounding the Pearl River estuary, where the Pearl River flows into the South China Sea. Referred to as the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Mac ...

in southern China and the Yangtze River Delta in

eastern China East China () is a geographical and a loosely defined cultural region that covers the eastern coastal area of China. A concept abolished in 1978, for economical purposes the region was defined from 1949 to 1961 by the Chinese Central Governme ...

Economy

The Bohai Economic Rim has traditionally been involved in heavy industry and manufacturing. Tianjin's strengths have always been in aviation, logistics and shipping. Beijing complements this with strong petrochemical, education and R&D sectors. The area is becoming a significant growth cluster for the automobile, electronics, and petrochemical sectors, especially with

Shenyang Shenyang (, ; ; Mandarin pronunciation: ), formerly known as Fengtian () or by its Manchu language, Manchu name Mukden, is a major China, Chinese sub-provincial city and the List of capitals in China#Province capitals, provincial capital of Lia ...

's automotive industry, software and aircraft,

Dalian Dalian () is a major sub-provincial port city in Liaoning province, People's Republic of China, and is Liaoning's second largest city (after the provincial capital Shenyang) and the third-most populous city of Northeast China. Located on the ...

attracting

foreign investments A foreign direct investment (FDI) is an investment in the form of a controlling ownership in a business in one country by an entity based in another country. It is thus distinguished from a foreign portfolio investment by a notion of direct co ...

in manufacturing and

Qingdao Qingdao (, also spelled Tsingtao; , Mandarin: ) is a major city in eastern Shandong Province. The city's name in Chinese characters literally means " azure island". Located on China's Yellow Sea coast, it is a major nodal city of the One Belt ...

for its

health services Health care or healthcare is the improvement of health via the preventive healthcare, prevention, diagnosis, therapy, treatment, wiktionary:amelioration, amelioration or cure of disease, illness, injury, and other disability, physical and menta ...

. The Chinese central government has made it a priority to integrate all the cities in the Bohai Bay rim and foster economic development. This includes building an advanced communications network, better highways, increased education and scientific resources as well as tapping natural resources off the Bohai rim. In recent decades, petroleum and natural gas deposits have been discovered in Bohai Sea.

Transport

Air

Major airports: * Beijing Capital International Airport * Beijing Daxing International Airport *

Dalian Zhoushuizi International Airport Dalian Zhoushuizi International Airport is the airport serving the city of Dalian in Liaoning Province, China. It is located in Ganjingzi District, about northwest of the city center. In 2018 the airport handled 18,758,171 passengers, making ...

Jinan Yaoqiang International Airport Jinan Yaoqiang International Airport is the airport serving Jinan, the capital of Shandong Province, China. The airport is located approximately northeast of the city center and immediately to the north of the Yaoqiang Subdistrict () after ...

Qingdao Liuting International Airport Qingdao Liuting International Airport was the main airport that served the city of Qingdao in Shandong Province, China. It was about from the city center and served as a hub for Shandong Airlines, Beijing Capital Airlines and Qingdao Airline ...

* Shenyang Taoxian International Airport * Tianjin Binhai International Airport * Shijiazhuang Zhengding International Airport Regional airports: * Beijing Nanyuan Airport *

Chengde Airport Chengde Puning Airport is an airport serving the city of Chengde in Hebei Province, North China. It is located northeast of the city center in Tougou Town, Chengde County Chengde County () is a county in the northeast of Hebei province, P ...

Qinhuangdao Beidaihe Airport Qinhuangdao Beidaihe Airport is an airport serving the city of Qinhuangdao, Hebei Province, China. It is located in Longjiadian Town, Changli County, from the city center and from Beidaihe. History The Beidaihe Airport project was started in ...

* Tangshan Sannühe Airport * Weihai Airport *

Yantai Laishan International Airport Yantai Laishan Airport is a military airport in Yantai in Shandong, China. It formerly also served as the civil airport of Yantai, until it was replaced by Yantai Penglai International Airport which was opened on 28 May 2015. It is about from ...

* Zhangjiakou Ningyuan Airport

Land

There are many major highways servicing the routes within the Bohai rim area.

Rail

Since 2000, there have been rapid infrastructure developments within the Bohai Economic Rim. Rail projects of varied natures have been built, including high-speed rail, metros and suburban rail.

High-speed rail

In 2006, the Chinese government had plans to construct of high-speed railway in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region by 2020. In August 2008, the Beijing–Tianjin Intercity Railway opened providing a direct route between Beijing and Tianjin. The initial trains run on average 300 km/h and have cut journey times between the two municipalities to half an hour. The most important High-Speed Railway here is Beijing-Shanghai High-Speed Railway, which connected the Bohai Economic Rim to the Yangtze River Delta. This railway passing

Jinan Jinan (), Postal Map Romanization, alternately romanization of Chinese, romanized as Tsinan, is the Capital (political), capital of Shandong province in East China, Eastern China. With a population of 9.2 million, it is the second-largest city i ...

's capital city. Another important High-speed railway in this area is Beijing-Guangzhou High-Speed Railway, passing

Shijiazhuang Shijiazhuang (; ; Mandarin: ), formerly known as Shimen and romanized as Shihkiachwang, is the capital and most populous city of China’s North China's Hebei Province. Administratively a prefecture-level city, it is about southwest of Beijin ...

, the capital of Hebei. Besides, there is Beijing-Harbin High-Speed Railway, passing

's capital

Light rail

* Tianjin Tram * Dalian Tram

Metros

* Beijing Subway * Tianjin Metro *

Shenyang Metro The Shenyang Metro is a rapid transit system serving the city of Shenyang, Liaoning, China. It's the seventh operational subway system in Mainland China and the first in Northeast China. The system connects with the Shenyang Modern Tram system in ...

Shijiazhuang Metro Shijiazhuang Metro (; branded as SJZ Metro) is a rapid transit system in Shijiazhuang, Hebei province, China. Network Line 1 Line 1, opened on 26 June 2017. It is 34.3 kilometers in length with 26 underground stations. Line 2 Line 2, opene ...

Suburban railway

Beijing Suburban Railway BCR (''Beijing City Rail'') also known as Beijing Suburban Railway is a commuter rail service that connects urban Beijing with outlying districts beyond the reach of the city's Beijing Subway network. The suburban rail services run on existin ...

* Tianjin Suburban Railway ( Tianjin–Jizhou railway)

Geography

The gulf is formed by the Liaodong Peninsula to the northeast and the Shandong Peninsula to the south. Bo Hai consists of three bays: Laizhou Bay to the south, Liaodong Bay to the north, and Bohai Wan to the west. The rivers Yellow River,

Liao He The Liao River () is the principal river in southern Northeast China, and one of the seven main river systems in China. Its name derived from the Liao region, a historical name for southern Manchuria, from which the Liaoning province, Liaodong P ...

Hai He The Hai River (海河, lit. "Sea River"), also known as the Peiho, ("White River"), or Hai Ho, is a Chinese river connecting Beijing to Tianjin and the Bohai Sea. The Hai River at Tianjin is formed by the confluence of five watercourses: the ...

and Luan River empty into Bo Hai. The Bohai economic rim includes Beijing, Tianjin, part of Hebei province, part of

province, and part of

province. List of major cities or ports in these municipalities and provinces are listed below: Inner Rim ( Jingjinji) * Municipalities: Beijing and Tianjin ( Binhai New Area) * Hebei Province: Tangshan, Qinhuangdao, Cangzhou, Langfang, Chengde, Zhangjiakou,

and Baoding North Rim (Liaoning) *

Dandong Dandong (), formerly known as Andong, is a coastal prefecture-level city in southeastern Liaoning province, in the northeastern region of People's Republic of China. It is the largest Chinese border city, facing Sinuiju, North Korea across the ...

, Huludao, Jinzhou, Yingkou, Anshan, and

Panjin Panjin () is a coastal prefecture-level city in central Liaoning province, People's Republic of China, situated on the northern shore of the Liaodong Bay. It borders Anshan to the east, Yingkou to the southeast, and Jinzhou to the west and north ...

South Rim (Shandong) *

, Weihai, Weifang, Yantai, Dongying, Binzhou, and Zibo

Pollution

A Xinhua News Agency report in February, 2007, states: “Effluent has turned the sea a dark red and given it an acrid stench at Guanxi’s Silver Beach, a national tourist attraction. Local staff say it is not the first time this has happened – sometimes it occurs every few days. They blame the run-off from nearby shellfish processing plants.”

Jiaozhou Bay-Laizhou Bay Canal

In April 2004, an official of the Shandong province raised the possibility of constructing a canal between Jiaozhou Bay and Laizhou Bay as a means of easing the pollution problem in the Bohai Sea.國家擬投千億開鑿運河連通渤黃
takungpao.com 2007-11-23 Retrieved 2010-01-09 The proposed canal will also be open to ships traveling between Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea. A meeting held in Qingdao in October, 2006, was attended by more than a hundred members of academia.

References

External links

Bohai Economic Rim 环渤海湾经济圈
* ttps://web.archive.org/web/20100307020021/http://www.gaizhou.gov.cn/typenews.asp?id=399 Cooperation between Bohai Rim and Northeast regionbr>Info on Bohai surrounding region
{{Regions and cities of China Bays of China Metropolitan areas of China Gulfs of the Pacific Ocean Proposed infrastructure in China