Blauen (Badenweiler)
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Blauen or Hochblauen is a mountain in the
southern Black Forest The Southern Black Forest (german: Südschwarzwald) is the highest part of the Black Forest, an area heavily transformed by ice age glaciation south of a line roughly from Freiburg im Breisgau to Donaueschingen. The term High Black Forest is no ...
. The peak lies within the municipalities of
Schliengen Schliengen is a municipality in southwestern Germany in the state of Baden-Württemberg, in the '' Kreis'' (district) of Lörrach. Schliengen's claim to international fame is the Battle of Schliengen (24 October 1796), fought between forces of th ...
and
Malsburg-Marzell Malsburg-Marzell is a municipality in the district of Lörrach in Baden-Württemberg in Germany. Its coat of arms bears a wooded hill on which rests a castle ruin. This is a reference to the nearby Sausenburg Sausenburg Castle is a ruined Ge ...
in
Landkreis Lörrach In all German states, except for the three city states, the primary administrative subdivision higher than a ''Gemeinde'' (municipality) is the (official term in all but two states) or (official term in the states of North Rhine-Westphalia a ...
and the community of
Badenweiler Badenweiler (High Alemannic: ''Badewiler'') is a health resort and spa in the Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald district of Baden-Württemberg, Germany, historically in the Markgräflerland. It is 28 kilometers by road and rail from Basel, 10 kilometer ...
in
Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald (french: Arrondissement de Brisgau-Haute-Forêt-Noire) is a (district) in the southwest of Baden-Württemberg, Germany. Fifty towns and municipalities with 133 settlements lie within the district. The district itself belon ...
. It is an ideal viewpoint with views of the Black Forest,
Vosges The Vosges ( , ; german: Vogesen ; Franconian and gsw, Vogese) are a range of low mountains in Eastern France, near its border with Germany. Together with the Palatine Forest to the north on the German side of the border, they form a single ...
,
Jura Mountains The Jura Mountains ( , , , ; french: Massif du Jura; german: Juragebirge; it, Massiccio del Giura, rm, Montagnas da Jura) are a sub-alpine mountain range a short distance north of the Western Alps and mainly demarcate a long part of the Frenc ...
, and the
Alps The Alps () ; german: Alpen ; it, Alpi ; rm, Alps ; sl, Alpe . are the highest and most extensive mountain range system that lies entirely in Europe, stretching approximately across seven Alpine countries (from west to east): France, Sw ...
.


Name

In the 14th century, the mountain was recorded as the ''Blauwen'' or ''Blawen''.
Matthäus Merian Matthäus is a given name or surname. Notable people with the name include: ;Surname * Lothar Matthäus, (born 1961), German former football player and manager ;Given name * Matthäus Aurogallus, Professor of Hebrew at the University of Wittenberg ...
's '' Topographia Sueviae'' in the mid-17th century calls it the ''Hoche Blawen'' ("High Blawen"). The parish boundary plan of the first Baden state survey of 1769/1770 distinguishes between the ''Hoch Blauen'' ("High Blauen") and the ''Hinter Blauen'' ("Posterior Blauen"), a sub-peak, north-northeast of the main summit. As the ''Blauen M ns' the mountain is shown on the Black Forest map owned by St. Blaise Abbey dating to the year 1788. And in 1845 in the ''Topographischen Atlas ueber das Grossherzogtum Baden'' ("Topographic Atlas of the Grand Duchy of Baden") it is called the ''Blauen'', as in other geographical publications of the 19th century. In addition in 19th century travel literature the name ''Hochblauen'' occurs frequently, sometimes with the explanation that this is to distinguish it from the Zeller Blauen, away. In fact, the name ''Hochblauen'' was normal for the latter on as shown on topographic maps of the time, while the mountain near Badenweiler can still be found on maps today as the ''Blauen''. The name Blauen is borne by various mountains, hills and settlements in Germany and Switzerland. In 1880 in his book on Upper German place names, ''Oberdeutschen Flurnamenbuch'', the cultural historian, Michel Buck, made a connexion between the name Blauen and historical mining activity, by proposing that name was derived from the word ''Bla'' = smeltery. However, it could also be derived from the blue colour (German: ''Blau'' = "blue") of coniferous forests or the bluish hue of a mountain when seen from a distance.


Access

The High Blauen Road (''Hochblauenstraße'') was opened to private vehicles in 1928. About half the route is in the county of Freiburg-Hochschwarzwald. In its northwestern section it thus bears the designation K 4948, in the southeastern section it runs under the number K 6314, where the Wollbach highway agency is responsible. Winter clearance of the whole route is undertaken by the Müllheim highway agency by arrangement between the counties. The road runs to the top. Since 2011 during the summer months there has also been a bus route that links the summit on Sundays and holidays via Marzell and Kandern with Basle. In addition, variant A of the West Way, a
long-distance path A long-distance trail (or long-distance footpath, track, way, greenway) is a longer recreational trail mainly through rural areas used for hiking, backpacking, cycling, horse riding or cross-country skiing. They exist on all continents excep ...
maintained by the
Black Forest Club The Schwarzwaldverein (Black Forest Club or Black Forest Association) was founded in Freiburg im Breisgau (Germany) in 1864, making it the oldest German hiking and mountaineering club. The Schwarzwaldverein has almost 90,000 members in 241 lo ...
that runs for from
Pforzheim Pforzheim () is a city of over 125,000 inhabitants in the federal state of Baden-Württemberg, in the southwest of Germany. It is known for its jewelry and watch-making industry, and as such has gained the nickname "Goldstadt" ("Golden City") ...
to
Basle , french: link=no, Bâlois(e), it, Basilese , neighboring_municipalities= Allschwil (BL), Hégenheim (FR-68), Binningen (BL), Birsfelden (BL), Bottmingen (BL), Huningue (FR-68), Münchenstein (BL), Muttenz (BL), Reinach (BL), Riehen (BS), ...
, goes over Blauen. Between 1957 and 1980 there was a reallocation of land in the mountain forest which, after comprehensive and expensive survey work, resulted in 42 small parcels of land being consolidated into twelve larger ones. To commemorate this, a monument was erected in 2007 with a brass plate that records the names of all the participants. Tourist facilities on Blauen first appeared in 1872 when a covered forest inn (''Waldschenke'') was opened. In June 1875 the first house was opened; it bore the name ''Krone des Blauen'' ("Crown of Blauen"). It was expanded in 1890 and again in 1965–1966, in order to handle the increase number of tourists. The water main installed in 1898 is still used and runs down to a spring. Since 1925, when a cable was laid to Blauen from Marzell there has been electricity at the summit. Three years later the first motorised vehicles made their way up the mountain road. At the summit is the ''Berghaus Hochblauen'' (also called the ''Blauenhaus''), an inn with overnight accommodation. Since spring 2013 the inn has been closed. In 2015 it was being modified and should be open in 2016.


Towers

A steel lattice
observation tower An observation tower is a structure used to view events from a long distance and to create a full 360 degree range of vision to conduct long distance observations. Observation towers are usually at least tall and are made from stone, iron, an ...
was built in 1895 here by the Black Forest Club, replacing a rather low wooden tower dating to 1875. It was inaugurated on 30 August 1895 and fully restored in 1984 with the funding from the Bundespost. The originally tower has a total height today, including antenna, of . It is open at all times. In 1985 not more than south-southeast of the observation tower, a transmission tower, the
Sender Blauen A sender was a special type of circuit in 20th-century electromechanical telephone exchanges which registered the telephone numbers dialed by the subscriber, and then transmitted that information to another exchange. In some American exchange des ...
, was built. It is not open to the public and restricts the view of the Alps from the observation tower. Northeast of the Hochblauen, at a height of , lies what is probably the highest castle site in Baden-Württembergs, Stockberg Castle. Since summer 2011 there have been discussions about erecting a
wind farm A wind farm or wind park, also called a wind power station or wind power plant, is a group of wind turbines in the same location used Wind power, to produce electricity. Wind farms vary in size from a small number of turbines to several hundre ...
on Blauen with three generators to produce electricity.


Transmission tower

Also at the peak stands a 93-metre-high
Deutsche Telekom Deutsche Telekom AG (; short form often just Telekom, DTAG or DT; stylised as ·T·) is a German telecommunications company that is headquartered in Bonn and is the largest telecommunications provider in Europe by revenue. Deutsche Telekom was ...
VHF and
microwave radio relay Microwave transmission is the transmission of information by electromagnetic waves with wavelengths in the microwave frequency range of 300MHz to 300GHz(1 m - 1 mm wavelength) of the electromagnetic spectrum. Microwave signals are normally lim ...
tower. The tower is a
reinforced concrete Reinforced concrete (RC), also called reinforced cement concrete (RCC) and ferroconcrete, is a composite material in which concrete's relatively low tensile strength and ductility are compensated for by the inclusion of reinforcement having hig ...
Typenturm A ''Typenturm'' (German for ''standard tower'') is a standardised telecommunications tower built of reinforced concrete the former German federal post office (now Deutsche Telekom AG). Different types of tower were developed and built at differe ...
, built in 1985. The following radio stations are broadcast from this tower: SWR1 Baden-Württemberg (89.2 FM/8.4 kW), SWR2 (92.6 FM/8.4 kW), SWR3 (97.0 FM/8,4 kW),
Deutschlandfunk Deutschlandfunk (DLF, ''Broadcast Germany'') is a public-broadcasting radio station in Germany, concentrating on news and current affairs. It is one of the four national radio channels produced by Deutschlandradio. History Broadcasting in the ...
(105.1 FM/10 kW),
Radio Regenbogen Radio is the technology of signaling and communicating using radio waves. Radio waves are electromagnetic waves of frequency between 30 hertz (Hz) and 300 gigahertz (GHz). They are generated by an electronic device called a transmit ...
(101.1 FM/8,4 kW) und baden.fm (106.0 FM/8,4 kW). The tower is also used by the amateur radio repeater DB0YE. The tower serves mainly the southern
Upper Rhine The Upper Rhine (german: Oberrhein ; french: Rhin Supérieur) is the section of the Rhine between Basel in Switzerland and Bingen in Germany, surrounded by the Upper Rhine Plain. The river is marked by Rhine-kilometres 170 to 529 (the sc ...
valley as well as a large portion of the
Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald (french: Arrondissement de Brisgau-Haute-Forêt-Noire) is a (district) in the southwest of Baden-Württemberg, Germany. Fifty towns and municipalities with 133 settlements lie within the district. The district itself belon ...
and
Lörrach Lörrach () is a town in southwest Germany, in the valley of the Wiese, close to the French and the Swiss borders. It is the capital of the district of Lörrach in Baden-Württemberg. It is the home of a number of large employers, including the ...
rural districts. The stations transmitted from Blauen are also easily received in northwestern
Switzerland ). Swiss law does not designate a ''capital'' as such, but the federal parliament and government are installed in Bern, while other federal institutions, such as the federal courts, are in other cities (Bellinzona, Lausanne, Luzern, Neuchâtel ...
. Until the end of the 1980s the former SWF broadcast could be heard well beyond the
Vosges The Vosges ( , ; german: Vogesen ; Franconian and gsw, Vogese) are a range of low mountains in Eastern France, near its border with Germany. Together with the Palatine Forest to the north on the German side of the border, they form a single ...
mountains to the west. Since then the power of the transmissions toward
France France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of Overseas France, overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic, Pacific Ocean, Pac ...
have been limited by international agreements.


Gallery

File:Hochblauen 08.JPG, The ''Berghaus Hochblauen'' File:Fernmeldeturm Blauen.jpg,
Sender Blauen A sender was a special type of circuit in 20th-century electromechanical telephone exchanges which registered the telephone numbers dialed by the subscriber, and then transmitted that information to another exchange. In some American exchange des ...
File:Hochblauen - Aussichtsturm.jpg, The observation tower in winter File:Hochblauen 42.JPG, View from the observation tower looking south file:Aerial view - Hochblauen3.jpg, Aerial photograph of the summit of Blauen Image:Kandern.JPG, View from the Hochblauen over the
Rhine valley ), Surselva, Graubünden, Switzerland , source1_coordinates= , source1_elevation = , source2 = Rein Posteriur/Hinterrhein , source2_location = Paradies Glacier, Graubünden, Switzerland , source2_coordinates= , source ...
Image:Sender Blauen.jpg, Radio Tower


Notes


External links

{{Commons category, Blauen (Badenweiler), Blauen * https://web.archive.org/web/20070304040927/http://www.paraglidingearth.com/en-html/index.php?site=7308 Mountains and hills of Baden-Württemberg Mountains and hills of the Black Forest One-thousanders of Germany