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Bijelo Dugme (trans. ''White Button'') was a Yugoslav
rock Rock most often refers to: * Rock (geology), a naturally occurring solid aggregate of minerals or mineraloids * Rock music, a genre of popular music Rock or Rocks may also refer to: Places United Kingdom * Rock, Caerphilly, a location in Wales ...
band, formed in Sarajevo, SR Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1974. Bijelo Dugme is widely considered to have been the most popular band ever to exist in the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and one of the most important acts of the Yugoslav rock scene. Bijelo Dugme was officially formed in 1974, although the members of the default lineup, guitarist
Goran Bregović Goran Bregović (born 22 March 1950) is a recording artist from Bosnia and Herzegovina. He is one of the most internationally known modern musicians and composers of the Slavic-speaking countries in the Balkans, and is one of the few former Yug ...
, vocalist
Željko Bebek Želimir "Željko" Bebek (born 16 December 1945) is a Bosnian and Croatian vocalist and musician most notable for being the lead singer of former Yugoslav rock band Bijelo Dugme from 1974 to 1984. He also has a successful career as a solo artis ...
, drummer Ipe Ivandić, keyboardist
Vlado Pravdić Vladimir "Vlado" Pravdić (born 6 December 1949) is a Bosnian musician most famous as the organist of the Yugoslav rock group Bijelo dugme from 1974 to 1976 and again from 1978 to 1987. Born in Sarajevo, PR Bosnia-Herzegovina, FPR Yugoslavia as ...
and bass guitarist
Zoran Redžić Zoran Redžić (born 29 January 1948) is a Bosnian musician, best known for playing the bass guitar in the popular Yugoslav rock band Bijelo Dugme. Born in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Yugoslavia, he is a younger brother of another Bosnian ...
, were previously active under the name Jutro. The band's debut album ''
Kad bi bio bijelo dugme ''Kad bi' bio bijelo dugme'' (trans. ''If I Were a White Button'') is the 1974 debut studio album from influential Yugoslav rock band Bijelo Dugme. The album was polled the 14th on the 100 Greatest Yugoslav Rock and Pop Albums list in the 1998 b ...
'', released in 1974, brought them nationwide popularity with its
Balkan The Balkans ( ), also known as the Balkan Peninsula, is a geographical area in southeastern Europe with various geographical and historical definitions. The region takes its name from the Balkan Mountains that stretch throughout the wh ...
folk-influenced hard rock sound. The band's future several releases, featuring similar sound, maintained their huge popularity, described by the media as "Dugmemania", and the band's work, especially their symphonic ballads with poetic lyrics, was also widely praised by music critics. In the early 1980s, with the emergence of Yugoslav new wave scene, the band moved towards new wave, managing to remain one of the most popular bands in the country. After the departure of Bebek in 1983, the band was joined by vocalist
Mladen Vojičić Tifa Mladen Vojičić (; born 17 October 1960), known professionally by his nickname/stagename Tifa (), is a Bosnian rock vocalist. He gained acclaim throughout former Yugoslavia for his brief stint as the lead singer of Bijelo Dugme in the mid-1980s ...
, with whom the band recorded only one, but memorable self-titled album. The band's last vocalist,
Alen Islamović Alija "Alen" Islamović (; born 17 August 1957) is a Bosnian rock vocalist. He is best known as the lead singer of Bosnian and Yugoslav rock bands Divlje jagode from 1979 to 1986 and Bijelo Dugme from 1986 to 1989. Born Alija Islamović in Bih ...
, joined the band in 1986, and with him Bijelo Dugme recorded two albums, disbanding, with the rising tensions in Yugoslavia, in 1989. In 2005, the band reunited in the lineup that featured most of the musicians that passed through the band, including all three vocalists, for three concerts, in Sarajevo,
Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnia and Herzegovina ( sh, / , ), abbreviated BiH () or B&H, sometimes called Bosnia–Herzegovina and often known informally as Bosnia, is a country at the crossroads of south and southeast Europe, located in the Balkans. Bosnia and He ...
, in Zagreb, Croatia and in
Belgrade Belgrade ( , ;, ; names in other languages) is the capital and largest city in Serbia. It is located at the confluence of the Sava and Danube rivers and the crossroads of the Pannonian Plain and the Balkan Peninsula. Nearly 1,166,763 m ...
, Serbia, the concert in Belgrade being one of the highest-attended ticketed concerts of all time.


History


The beginnings (1969–73)


Kodeksi (1969–71)

The band's history begins in 1969. At the time, the future leader of Bijelo Dugme,
Goran Bregović Goran Bregović (born 22 March 1950) is a recording artist from Bosnia and Herzegovina. He is one of the most internationally known modern musicians and composers of the Slavic-speaking countries in the Balkans, and is one of the few former Yug ...
, was the bass guitarist in the band Beštije (trans. ''The Beasts''). He was spotted by
Kodeksi Kodeksi was a cover band from Sarajevo, SR Bosnia-Herzegovina, SFR Yugoslavia that existed from 1965 until 1971. It is most notable as one of the predecessors to Bijelo dugme, the most commercially successful band ever to come out of SFR Yugoslavi ...
(''The
Codex The codex (plural codices ) was the historical ancestor of the modern book. Instead of being composed of sheets of paper, it used sheets of vellum, papyrus, or other materials. The term ''codex'' is often used for ancient manuscript books, with ...
es'') vocalist
Željko Bebek Želimir "Željko" Bebek (born 16 December 1945) is a Bosnian and Croatian vocalist and musician most notable for being the lead singer of former Yugoslav rock band Bijelo Dugme from 1974 to 1984. He also has a successful career as a solo artis ...
. As Kodeksi needed a bass guitarist, on Bebek's suggestion, Bregović became a member of the band. The band's lineup consisted of Ismeta Dervoz (vocals), Edo Bogeljić (guitar), Željko Bebek (rhythm guitar and vocals), Goran Bregović (bass guitar), and Luciano Paganotto (drums). At the time, the band Pro Arte was also interested in hiring Bregović, but he decided to stay with Kodeksi. After performing in a night club in
Dubrovnik Dubrovnik (), historically known as Ragusa (; see notes on naming), is a city on the Adriatic Sea in the region of Dalmatia, in the southeastern semi-exclave of Croatia. It is one of the most prominent tourist destinations in the Mediterranea ...
, Kodeksi were hired to perform in a club in Naples, Italy. However, the parents of the only female member, Ismeta Dervoz, did not allow her to go to Italy. In Naples, the band initially performed covers of songs by
Cream Cream is a dairy product composed of the higher-fat layer skimmed from the top of milk before homogenization. In un-homogenized milk, the fat, which is less dense, eventually rises to the top. In the industrial production of cream, this process ...
and the Jimi Hendrix Experience, but were soon asked to perform music more suitable for night clubs. After two months, the band's guitarist Edo Bogeljić returned to Sarajevo to continue his studies, and Bregović switched to guitar. Local Italian musician called Fernando Savino was brought in to play the bass, but after he quit too, Bebek called up old friend
Zoran Redžić Zoran Redžić (born 29 January 1948) is a Bosnian musician, best known for playing the bass guitar in the popular Yugoslav rock band Bijelo Dugme. Born in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Yugoslavia, he is a younger brother of another Bosnian ...
, formerly of the band Čičak (''
Burdock ''Arctium'' is a genus of biennial plants commonly known as burdock, family Asteraceae. Native to Europe and Asia, several species have been widely introduced worldwide. Burdock's clinging properties, in addition to providing an excellent mecha ...
''). Redžić in turn brought along his bandmate from Čičak Milić Vukašinović as replacement on drums for Paganotto, who also quit in the meantime. Vukašinović brought new musical influences along the lines of what Led Zeppelin and
Black Sabbath Black Sabbath were an English rock band formed in Birmingham in 1968 by guitarist Tony Iommi, drummer Bill Ward, bassist Geezer Butler and vocalist Ozzy Osbourne. They are often cited as pioneers of heavy metal music. The band helped define ...
were doing at the time. Additionally, he convinced Bregović, Bebek and Redžić on incorporating the new sound into their set, and within two weeks of his arrival, Kodeksi were fired from all the places they were playing. The foursome of Bebek, Bregović, Redžić and Vukašinović stayed on the island of
Capri Capri ( , ; ; ) is an island located in the Tyrrhenian Sea off the Sorrento Peninsula, on the south side of the Gulf of Naples in the Campania region of Italy. The main town of Capri that is located on the island shares the name. It has bee ...
and in 1970 relocated back to Naples. At this time, the other three members persuaded Bebek to stop playing the rhythm guitar reasoning that it was not fashionable any more. Bebek also had trouble adapting to the new material vocally. He would sing the intro on most songs and then step back as the other three members improvised for the remainder of songs, with Vukašinović taking the vocal duties more and more often. After being a key band member only several months earlier, Bebek thought his role was gradually being reduced. During the fall of 1970, he left Kodeksi to return to Sarajevo. Vukašinović, Bregović, and Redžić continued to perform, but had to return to Sarajevo in the spring of 1971, when Bregović's mother and Redžić's brother came to Italy to bring them back. Upon returning, the trio had only one concert in Sarajevo, performing under the name Mića, Goran i Zoran (''Mića, Goran and Zoran''). At the concert, they performed covers of songs by Cream, Jimi Hendrix Experience, Led Zeppelin, Black Sabbath, Deep Purple, Ten Years After, Taste, Free, and managed to thrill the audience. Soon after, the trio got the opportunity to appear in a Television Sarajevo show, but under the condition that they record a song of their own. Hastily composed and recorded "Ja i zvijezda sjaj" ("Me and the Stars' Glow") was of poor quality and little artistic value, which influenced Vukašinović's decision to move to London. He left Sarajevo in late summer of 1971, and the trio ended their activity.


Jutro (1971–73)

At the autumn of 1971, guitarist Ismet Arnautalić invited Bregović to form Jutro (''Morning''). The band's lineup featured, alongside Arnautalić and Bregović, Redžić on bass, Gordan Matrak on drums and vocalist Zlatko Hodnik. Bregović wrote his first songs as a member of Jutro. The band had made some recordings with Hodnik when Bregović decided they needed a vocalist with "more aggressive" vocal style, so he invited Bebek to become the band's new singer. With Bebek, the band recorded the song "Patim, evo, deset dana" ("I've Been Suffering for Ten Days"), which was, in 1972, released as the B-side of the single "Ostajem tebi" ("I Remain Yours"), which was recorded with Hodnik. After the song recording, Bebek left the band to serve his mandatory stint in the
Yugoslav People's Army The Yugoslav People's Army (abbreviated as JNA/; Macedonian and sr-Cyrl-Latn, Југословенска народна армија, Jugoslovenska narodna armija; Croatian and bs, Jugoslavenska narodna armija; sl, Jugoslovanska ljudska a ...
, but the rest of the band decided to wait for his return to continue their activity. During Bebek's short leave from the army, the band recorded four more songs: "Kad bi' bio bijelo dugme" ("If I Were a White Button"), "U subotu, mala" ("On Saturday, Baby"), "Na vrh brda vrba mrda" (the title being a traditional
tongue-twister A tongue twister is a phrase that is designed to be difficult to articulate properly, and can be used as a type of spoken (or sung) word game. Additionally, they can be used as exercises to improve pronunciation and fluency. Some tongue twisters pr ...
) and "Hop-cup" ("Whoopsie Daisy"), the first two appearing on a
7-inch single In music, a single is a type of release, typically a song recording of fewer tracks than an LP record or an album. One can be released for sale to the public in a variety of formats. In most cases, a single is a song that is released separate ...
. Dissatisfied with the music direction the band was moving towards, Arnautalić left the band at the end of 1972, convinced that the right to the name Jutro should belong to him. For some time, guitarist Miodrag "Bata" Kostić, a former member of
YU Grupa YU Grupa (trans. '' YU Group'') is a Serbian ( former Yugoslav) rock band. A pioneer in combining rock music with the elements of the traditional music of the Balkans, YU Grupa is credited with being the longest-lasting Serbian rock band.
, rehearsed with the band, but this cooperation was soon ended. YU Grupa were one of the pioneers in combining elements of the traditional music of the Balkans with rock, and Bregović would later state on number of occasions that this cooperation influenced Bijelo Dugme's
folk rock Folk rock is a hybrid music genre that combines the elements of folk and rock music, which arose in the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom in the mid-1960s. In the U.S., folk rock emerged from the folk music revival. Performers s ...
sound. After Matrak left the band, he was replaced by Perica Stojanović, who was shortly after replaced by former Pro Arte member Vladimir Borovčanin "Šento". Borovčanin tried to secure a record contract with
Jugoton Jugoton was the largest record label and chain record store in the former Yugoslavia based in Zagreb, SR Croatia. History Jugoton was formed in 1947. It is notable for releasing some of the most important former Yugoslav pop and rock records ...
, but failed, soon losing faith in his new band. He and Redžić neglected rehearsals, and both left the band after an argument with Bregović. Redžić was replaced by Ivica Vinković, who was at the time a regular member of Ambasadori, but was not able to travel with the band on their Soviet Union tour. Borovčanin was replaced by former Mobi Dik ('' Moby Dick'') and Rok (''Rock'') member Goran "Ipe" Ivandić. Instead of second guitar, Bregović decided to include keyboards in the band's new lineup. Experienced
Vlado Pravdić Vladimir "Vlado" Pravdić (born 6 December 1949) is a Bosnian musician most famous as the organist of the Yugoslav rock group Bijelo dugme from 1974 to 1976 and again from 1978 to 1987. Born in Sarajevo, PR Bosnia-Herzegovina, FPR Yugoslavia as ...
, a former member of Ambasadori and Indexi, became Jutro's keyboardist. The band prepared several songs for the recording in
Radio Sarajevo Radio Sarajevo is a radio station and magazine that began airing 10 April 1945, four days after the liberation of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina near the end of World War II. It was Bosnia and Herzegovina's first radio station. The first words ...
's studio, but Arnautalić, still holding a grudge on his former bandmates, used his connections in Radio Sarajevo to get Jutro's recording sessions cancelled. However, the band managed to make an agreement with producer Nikola Borota Radovan, who allowed them to secretly record the songs "Top" ("Cannon") and "Ove ću noći naći blues" ("This Night I'll Find the Blues") in the studio. The intro to "Top" was inspired by traditional ganga music. Soon after, Vinković rejoined Ambasadori, and was replaced by Jadranko Stanković, a former member of Sekcija (''Section'') and Rok. At this time, the band adopted the name Bijelo Dugme. They decided to change the name because of the conflict with Arnautalić, but also because of the existence of another, Ljubljana-based band with the name Jutro, which had already gained prominence on the Yugoslav scene. As the band was already known for the song "Kad bi' bio bijelo dugme", they choose the name Bijelo Dugme. The band officially started working under this name from January 1974.


Željko Bebek years (1974–84)


"Shepherd rock" years: rise to fame and "Dugmemania" (1974–79)

In January 1974, with Borota, the band completed the "Top" and "Ove ću noći naći blues" recordings. The band and Borota offered these recordings to the recently-established Sarajevo-based record label
Diskoton ''Diskoton'' was a major record label in SFR Yugoslavia, based in Sarajevo, Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The company ceased to exist in 1992, with the outbreak of the War in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The studio was destroyed along ...
, however, the label's top executive Slobodan Vujović rejected them, stating that the label already has a great number of signed acts and that Bijelo Dugme would have to wait for at least six months for the single to be released. The decision would soon come to be considered the biggest business blunder in the history of Yugoslav record publishing. On the same day the band were refused by Diskoton, they obtained a five-year contract with the Zagreb-based
Jugoton Jugoton was the largest record label and chain record store in the former Yugoslavia based in Zagreb, SR Croatia. History Jugoton was formed in 1947. It is notable for releasing some of the most important former Yugoslav pop and rock records ...
label. On 29 March 1974 "Top" and "Ove ću noći naći blues" were released as a
7-inch single In music, a single is a type of release, typically a song recording of fewer tracks than an LP record or an album. One can be released for sale to the public in a variety of formats. In most cases, a single is a song that is released separate ...
that would eventually sell 30,000 copies. The band started promoting the single, performing mostly in smaller towns. Stanković, unsatisfied with the agreement that only Bregović would compose the band's songs and feeling he did not fit in with the rest of the members, continued to perform with Bijelo Dugme, but avoided any deeper relations. Soon after, Bregović, Bebek, Ivandić and Pravdić decided to exclude him from the band. Redžić was invited to join the band, which he accepted, despite his previous conflict with Bregović. The following 7-inch single, featuring songs "Glavni junak jedne knjige" ("The Main Character of a Book"), with lyrics written by poet
Duško Trifunović Duško Trifunović ( sr, Душко Трифуновић, 13 September 1933 – 28 January 2006) was a Yugoslav writer, poet and television author. Life Born in the small village of Sijekovac near Bosanski Brod (then part of the Vrbas Banovina, ...
, and "Bila mama Kukunka, bio tata Taranta" ("There Was Mommy Kukunka, There Was Daddy Taranta"), was almost at the same time released by both Jugoton and Diskoton, as Bregović signed contracts with both of the labels. This scandal brought huge press covering and increased the record sale. The band had their first bigger performance at the 1974 BOOM Festival in Ljubljana, where they were announced as "the new hopes". The live version of "Ove ću noći naći blues" appeared on the double live album ''Pop Festival Ljubljana '74 – BOOM''. This was also Bijelo Dugme's first performance on which the members of the group appeared in their glam rock outfits, which brought them new attention of the media. The band spent the summer performing in Cavtat and preparing songs for their first album. They soon released their third single, with the songs "Da sam pekar" ("If I Was a Baker") and "Selma". "Da sam pekar" was musically inspired by the traditional " deaf kolo", while "Selma", with lyrics written by poet Vlado Dijak, was a hard rock ballad. Over 100,000 copies of the single were sold, becoming Bijelo Dugme's first gold record. During September, the band performed as the opening band for Tihomir "Pop" Asanović's Jugoslovenska Pop Selekcija, and during the October, in studio Akademik in Ljubljana, they recorded their debut album '' Kad bi' bio bijelo dugme''. Several days before the album release, wanting to appear in the media as much as possible, Bijelo Dugme performed at the Skopje Festival, playing the song "Edna nadež" ("One Hope") by composer Grigor Koprov. Bregović later described this event as "the greatest disgrace in Bijelo Dugme's career". Bebek sung in bad
Macedonian Macedonian most often refers to someone or something from or related to Macedonia. Macedonian(s) may specifically refer to: People Modern * Macedonians (ethnic group), a nation and a South Slavic ethnic group primarily associated with North Ma ...
, and the band did not fit in well in the ambient of a pop festival. On the next evening, the band performed, alongside Pop Mašina,
Smak Smak ( sr-Cyrl, Смак; trans. ''The end time'') was a Serbian and Yugoslav band from Kragujevac. The group reached the peak of popularity in the 1970s when it was one of the most notable acts of the former Yugoslav rock scene. The band's lea ...
and
Crni Biseri Crni Biseri ( sr-cyr, Црни Бисери, trans. ''The Black Pearls'') were a Yugoslav rock band formed in Belgrade in 1963. The band were one of the pioneers of the Yugoslav rock scene. The band started their career performing beat music, b ...
, in
Belgrade Belgrade ( , ;, ; names in other languages) is the capital and largest city in Serbia. It is located at the confluence of the Sava and Danube rivers and the crossroads of the Pannonian Plain and the Balkan Peninsula. Nearly 1,166,763 m ...
's Trade Union Hall, on the
Radio Belgrade Radio Belgrade ( sr, Радио Београд, ) is a state-owned and operated radio station in Belgrade, Serbia. It has four different programs (Radio Belgrade 1, Radio Belgrade 2, Radio Belgrade 3, and Radio Belgrade 202), a precious archive ...
show ''Veče uz radio'' (''Evening by the Radio'') anniversary celebration, and managed to win the audience's attention. At the time, Bijelo Dugme cooperated with manager Vladimir Mihaljek, who managed to arrange the band to perform as an opening band on Korni Grupa's farewell concert in Sarajevo's
Skenderija Skenderija is a cultural, sports and trade center located in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. In the area of 70,000 square meters there are multipurpose halls where various sports, cultural and trade events are organized throughout the year, as ...
, which won them new fans, as about 15,000 people in the audience were thrilled with Bijelo Dugme's performance. '' Kad bi' bio bijelo dugme'', featuring a provocative cover designed by Dragan S. Stefanović (who would also design covers for the band's future releases), saw huge success. It brought a number of commercial hard rock songs with folk music elements, which were described as "pastirski rok" (''shepherd rock'') by journalist Dražen Vrdoljak. This term was (and still is) sometimes used by the Yugoslav critics to classify Bijelo Dugme's sound. The album featured the new version of "Kad bi' bio bijelo dugme", "Patim, evo, deset dana", "Sve ću da ti dam samo da zaigram" ("I Will Give Everything to You Only to Dance"), ballad "Selma", blues track "Blues za moju bivšu dragu" ("Blues for My Former Darling") and rock and roll-influenced hit "Ne spavaj, mala moja, muzika dok svira" ("Don't You Sleep, Baby, while the Music Is Playing"). Immediately after the release, the album broke the record for the best selling Yugoslav rock album, previously held by
YU Grupa YU Grupa (trans. '' YU Group'') is a Serbian ( former Yugoslav) rock band. A pioneer in combining rock music with the elements of the traditional music of the Balkans, YU Grupa is credited with being the longest-lasting Serbian rock band.
's debut album, which was sold in more than 30,000 copies. In February 1975, Bijelo Dugme was awarded a gold record at the
Opatija Opatija (; it, Abbazia; german: Sankt Jakobi) is a town and a municipality in Primorje-Gorski Kotar County in western Croatia. The traditional seaside resort on the Kvarner Gulf is known for its Mediterranean climate and its historic buildings re ...
Festival, as they, up to that moment, sold their debut album in more than 40,000 copies. The final number of copies sold was about 141,000. In late February 1975, Mihaljek organized Kongres rock majstora (''Congress of Rock Masters''), an event conceptualized as a competition between the best Yugoslav guitarists at the time. Although
Smak Smak ( sr-Cyrl, Смак; trans. ''The end time'') was a Serbian and Yugoslav band from Kragujevac. The group reached the peak of popularity in the 1970s when it was one of the most notable acts of the former Yugoslav rock scene. The band's lea ...
guitarist Radomir Mihajlović Točak left the best impression on the gathered crowd, he was not officially recognized due to his band not being under contract with
Jugoton Jugoton was the largest record label and chain record store in the former Yugoslavia based in Zagreb, SR Croatia. History Jugoton was formed in 1947. It is notable for releasing some of the most important former Yugoslav pop and rock records ...
, a record label that financially supported the competition. Instead, Vedran Božić (of Time),
Josip Boček Josip () is a male given name found among Croats and Slovenes, a cognate of Joseph. In Croatia, the name Josip was the second most common masculine given name in the decades up to 1959, and has stayed among the top ten most common ones throughout 2 ...
(formerly of Korni Grupa), Bata Kostić (of
YU Grupa YU Grupa (trans. '' YU Group'') is a Serbian ( former Yugoslav) rock band. A pioneer in combining rock music with the elements of the traditional music of the Balkans, YU Grupa is credited with being the longest-lasting Serbian rock band.
), and Bregović were proclaimed the best. Each of them got to record one side on the '' Kongres rock majstora'' double album. While the other three guitarists recorded their songs with members of YU Grupa, Bregović decided to work with his own band and Zagreb String Quartet. After the album was released, the four guitarists went on a joint tour, on which they were supported by YU Grupa members. At the time, Bijelo Dugme released the single "Da mi je znati koji joj je vrag" ("If I Could Just Know What the Hell Is Wrong with Her"), after which they started their first big Yugoslav tour. In the spring of 1975, they were already considered the most popular Yugoslav band. Soon after, Bebek took part in an event similar to Kongres rock majstora – Rock Fest '75, the gathering of the most popular Yugoslav singers of the time; besides Bebek, the event featured Martin Škrgatić (of Grupa Martina Škrgatića), Mato Došen (of Hobo), Aki Rahimovski (of
Parni Valjak Parni Valjak (; "steamroller") is a Croatian and former Yugoslav rock band. They were one of the top acts of the former Yugoslav rock scene, and one of the top rock bands in Croatia. Biography Parni Valjak was founded in 1975 in Zagreb. Unli ...
), Seid Memić "Vajta" (of
Teška Industrija Teška Industrija (trans. "''Heavy Industry''") is a Rock music, rock band from Bosnia and Herzegovina, based in Sarajevo. They are noted for a mixture of hard rock and prog-rock sound with elements of bosnian folk music and "symphonic" arrangement ...
), Boris Aranđelović (of
Smak Smak ( sr-Cyrl, Смак; trans. ''The end time'') was a Serbian and Yugoslav band from Kragujevac. The group reached the peak of popularity in the 1970s when it was one of the most notable acts of the former Yugoslav rock scene. The band's lea ...
), Hrvoje Marjanović (of
Grupa 220 Grupa 220 was a Yugoslavia, Yugoslav rock band from Zagreb founded in 1966. It was formed through merging previous instrumental rock groups ''Ehos'' and ''Jutarnje zvijezde''. They are notable for publishing the first authored works in the local f ...
),
Dado Topić Adolf "Dado" Topić (born 4 September 1950, Siverić at Drniš) is a rock musician from Croatia and the former Yugoslavia. He was the lead singer and founder of Time, a 1970s progressive rock band. From 1970 to late 1971, he was also the lead si ...
(of Time) and Janez Bončina "Benč" (of September). Before the recording of their second album, Bijelo Dugme went to the village Borike in Eastern Bosnia to work on the songs and prepare for the recording sessions. The album '' Šta bi dao da si na mom mjestu'' (''What Would You Give to Be in My Place'') was recorded in London during November 1975. It was produced by Neil Harrison who previously worked with
Cockney Rebel Steve Harley & Cockney Rebel are a British glam rock band from the early 1970s from London. Their music covers a range of styles from pop to progressive rock. Over the years they have had five albums in the UK Albums Chart and twelve singles i ...
and Gonzalez. The bass guitar on the album was played by Bebek, as Redžić injured his middle finger just before the recording sessions started. Nevertheless, Redžić was credited on the album, as he worked on the bass lines, and directed Bebek during the recording. The lyrics for the title track were written by Duško Trifunović, while the rest of the lyrics were written by Bregović. The main album hits were "Tako ti je, mala moja, kad ljubi Bosanac" ("That's How It Is, Baby, When You Kiss a Bosnian"), "Došao sam da ti kažem da odlazim" ("I've Come to Tell You that I'm Leaving"), "Ne gledaj me tako i ne ljubi me više" ("Don't Look at Me like that and Kiss Me no More") and "Požurite, konji moji" ("Hurry Up, My Horses"). The band used the time spent in studio to record an English language song "Playing the Part", released on promo single which was distributed to journalists. "Playing the Part" lyrics were written by Dave Townsend. The album was a huge commercial success, selling more than 200,000 copies. After the first 50,000 records were sold, ''Šta bi dao da si na mom mjestu'' became the first Yugoslav album to be credited as
diamond record Diamond is a solid form of the element carbon with its atoms arranged in a crystal structure called diamond cubic. Another solid form of carbon known as graphite is the chemically stable form of carbon at room temperature and pressure, ...
. After it was sold in more than 100,000 copies, it became the first platinum record in the history of Yugoslav record publishing, and after it sold more than 200,000 copies it was branded simply as "2× platinum record". After the album release the band went on a warming-up tour across
Kosovo and Metohija The Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohija ( sr, Косово и Метохиja, Kosovo i Metohija; sq, Kosova dhe Metohija), commonly known as Kosovo and abbreviated to Kosmet or KiM, is an autonomous province defined by the constitut ...
. During the tour, injured Redžić was replaced by former Kamen na Kamen member Mustafa "Mute" Kurtalić. The album's initial promotion was scheduled to take place on the band's New Year's 1976 concert at Belgrade Sports Hall in Belgrade, with Pop Mašina,
Buldožer Buldožer (meaning "bulldozer"), was a Yugoslav-Slovenian progressive rock band from the 1970s and 1980s. They were one of the first bands in communist Yugoslavia that could be considered Avant-prog, and forefathers of the Yugoslav new wave. I ...
and
Cod Cod is the common name for the demersal fish genus ''Gadus'', belonging to the family Gadidae. Cod is also used as part of the common name for a number of other fish species, and one species that belongs to genus ''Gadus'' is commonly not calle ...
as the opening bands. However, five days before New Year's, the band canceled the concert due to getting invited to perform for Yugoslav president Josip Broz Tito at the
Croatian National Theatre in Zagreb The Croatian National Theatre in Zagreb ( hr, Hrvatsko narodno kazalište u Zagrebu), commonly referred to as HNK Zagreb, is a theatre, opera and ballet house located in Zagreb. Overview The theatre evolved out of the first city theatre opened ...
, as part of the New Year's celebration being organized for him. Their performance was, however, stopped after only several minutes, reputedly because of the loudness. As Redžić had to leave the band due to his army obligations, a bass guitarist for live performances had to be hired. Kurtalić asked for higher fees, so the new temporary bassist became Formula 4 leader Ljubiša Racić. This lineup of the band went on a large Yugoslav tour. In Sarajevo the band performed in front of 15,000 people and in Belgrade they held three sold-out concerts in Pionir Hall, with approximately 6,000 people per concert. On the concerts, the band for the first time introduced a set of several songs performed
unplugged Unplugged may refer to: *Acoustic music, music not produced through electronic means * "Unplugged" (B.A.P song), 2014 * "Unplugged" (''Modern Family''), a 2010 episode of ''Modern Family'' Albums and EPs * ''Unplugged'' (5'nizza album), 2002 * '' ...
. The press coined the term "Dugmemanija" (''Buttonmania'') and the socialist public went into an argument over the phenomena. At the beginning of 1976, the band planned to hold a United States tour, however they gave up the idea after the suspicion that the planned concerts were organized by pro- ustaše emigrants from Yugoslavia. The band did go to the United States, but only to record the songs "Džambo" ("Jumbo") and "Vatra" ("Fire"), which were released as Ivandić's solo single, and "Milovan" and "Goodbye, Amerika" ("Goodbye, America"), which were released as Bebek's solo single. The records represented the introduction of
funk Funk is a music genre that originated in African American communities in the mid-1960s when musicians created a rhythmic, danceable new form of music through a mixture of various music genres that were popular among African Americans in the mid ...
elements to Bijelo Dugme sound. It was during the band's staying in America that Bregović managed to persuade Bebek, Pravdić and Ivandić to sign a waiver, with which they relinquished the rights to the name Bijelo Dugme in favor of Bregović. In June, the band members went to the youth work action Kozara 76, which was Bregović's response to the claims that the band's members were "pro-
Western Western may refer to: Places *Western, Nebraska, a village in the US *Western, New York, a town in the US *Western Creek, Tasmania, a locality in Australia *Western Junction, Tasmania, a locality in Australia *Western world, countries that id ...
oriented". At the beginning of autumn, Ivandić and Pravdić left the band due to their army obligations. They were replaced by Vukašinović (who, in the meantime, played with Indexi) and
Laza Ristovski Lazar "Laza" Ristovski (Serbian Cyrillic: Лаза Ристовски, ; 23 January 1956 – 6 October 2007) was a Serbian and former Yugoslav keyboardist, known for being a member of rock bands Smak and Bijelo Dugme, as well as for his eclect ...
, whose moving from
Smak Smak ( sr-Cyrl, Смак; trans. ''The end time'') was a Serbian and Yugoslav band from Kragujevac. The group reached the peak of popularity in the 1970s when it was one of the most notable acts of the former Yugoslav rock scene. The band's lea ...
(at the time Bijelo Dugme's main competitors on the Yugoslav rock scene) saw huge covering in the media. The band prepared for the recording of their third album in Borike. The album's working title was ''Sve se dijeli na dvoje, na tvoje i moje'' (''Everything Is Split in Two, Yours and Mine'') after Duško Trifunović's poem. Bregović did not manage to write the music on the lyrics (they were later used for the song recorded by
Jadranka Stojaković Jadranka Stojaković ( sr-cyr, Јадранка Стојаковић, 24 July 1950 – 3 May 2016) was a Bosnian singer-songwriter popular in the former Yugoslavia, known for her unique voice. Her best known hits are "Sve smo mogli mi", "Što te n ...
), so he intended to name the album ''Hoću bar jednom da budem blesav'' (''For Once I Want to Be Crazy''), but Jugoton editors did not like this title. The album was eventually titled '' Eto! Baš hoću!'' (''There! I Will!''). The album was once again recorded in London with Harrison as the producer and Bebek playing the bass guitar. It was released on 20 December 1976. The album hits included hard rock-oriented "Izgledala je malo čudno u kaputu žutom krojenom bez veze" ("She Looked a Little Bit Weird in a Yellow Sillymade Coat") and "Dede bona, sjeti se, de tako ti svega" ("Come on, Remember, for God's Sake"), folk-oriented "Slatko li je ljubit' tajno" ("It's So Sweet to Kiss Secretly"), simple tune "Ništa mudro" ("Nothing Clever", featuring lyrics written by Duško Trifunović) and two ballads, symphonic-oriented "Sanjao sam noćas da te nemam" ("I Dreamed Last Night that I Didn't Have You") and simpler "Loše vino" ("Bad Wine", written by Bregović and singer-songwriter
Arsen Dedić Arsenije "Arsen" Dedić ( sr-Cyrl, Арсеније "Арсен" Дедић, ; 28 July 1938 – 17 August 2015) was a Croatian singer-songwriter. He wrote and performed chansons, as well as film music. He was also an award-winning poet, and was o ...
and originally recorded by singer
Zdravko Čolić Zdravko Čolić (, ; born 30 May 1951) is a Bosnian Serb singer and is widely considered one of the greatest vocalists and cultural icons of the former Yugoslavia. Dubbed the " Tom Jones of the Balkans", he has garnered fame in Southeastern Europ ...
). In the meantime, Racić asked for higher payment, so he got fired. He was replaced by Sanin Karić, who was at the time a member of
Teška Industrija Teška Industrija (trans. "''Heavy Industry''") is a Rock music, rock band from Bosnia and Herzegovina, based in Sarajevo. They are noted for a mixture of hard rock and prog-rock sound with elements of bosnian folk music and "symphonic" arrangement ...
. This lineup of the band went on a Polish tour on which they were announced as "the leading band among young Yugoslav groups". They held nine successful concerts across Poland. After the band's return from Poland, Redžić and Ivandić rejoined them. After leaving Bijelo Dugme, Vukašinović would form the hard rock/ heavy metal band Vatreni Poljubac. The band went on a Yugoslav tour, but experienced problems during it. The clashes within the band were becoming more and more frequent, the concerts were followed by technical difficulties and bad reviews in the press, and the audience was not interested in the band's concerts as it was during previous tours. Three concerts in Belgrade's Pionir Hall, on 3, 4 and 5 March, were not well attended, and the second one had to be ended too early after the
shock wave In physics, a shock wave (also spelled shockwave), or shock, is a type of propagating disturbance that moves faster than the local speed of sound in the medium. Like an ordinary wave, a shock wave carries energy and can propagate through a med ...
from the Vrancea earthquake was felt. The
Adriatic coast The Adriatic Sea () is a body of water separating the Italian Peninsula from the Balkans, Balkan Peninsula. The Adriatic is the northernmost arm of the Mediterranean Sea, extending from the Strait of Otranto (where it connects to the Ionian Sea) ...
tour was canceled, as well as concerts in Zagreb and Ljubljana for which the recording of a live album was planned. After four years, Bijelo Dugme saw a decline in popularity and rumors about the band's disbandment appeared in the media. The band wanted to organize some sort of spectacle to help their decreased popularity. On the idea of journalist Peca Popović, the band decided to hold a free open-air concert at Belgrade's Hajdučka česma on 28 August 1977. Jutro had already performed on this location in 1973, on a concert organized by Pop Mašina. The concert would also be Bijelo Dugme's last concert before the hiatus due to Bregović's army duty. The whole event was organized in only five days. Between 70,000 and 100,000 spectators attended the concert, which was the biggest number of spectators on a rock concert in Yugoslavia until then. After the opening acts –
Slađana Milošević Aleksandra Milošević Hagadone ( sr-cyr, Александра Милошевић Хагадон; born 3 October 1955), better known as Slađana Milošević ( sr-Cyrl, Слађана Милошевић, ) is a Serbian singer-songwriter, composer, ...
, Tako,
Zdravo Zdravo ( sr-cyr, Здраво; trans. ''Hello'') was a Yugoslav disco group from Belgrade. Band history The group was formed in 1976 by the disk jockey Boban Petrović. Having gathered several teenagers and several Belgrade musicians, Petrović ...
, Džadžo,
Suncokret Suncokret ( sr-cyr, Сунцокрет; trans. ''Sunflower'') was a Yugoslav acoustic rock band from Belgrade. Band history 1975 — 1980 The band was formed in 1975 by former Zajedno member Bora Đorđević (vocals and acoustic guitar), a form ...
, Ibn Tup and Leb i Sol – Bijelo Dugme played a very successful concert. Despite the fact that the concert was secured by only twelve police officers, there were no larger incidents. Video recordings from the concert appeared in Mića Milošević's film ''Tit for Tat''. Eventually, it was discovered that the recordings could not be used for the live album, as the sound was bad due to technical limitations and the wide open space, so the band, on 25 October of the same year, played a concert in Đuro Janković Hall in Sarajevo, the recording of which was used for the live album ''
Koncert kod Hajdučke česme ''Koncert kod Hajdučke česme'' (styled ''koncert kod hajduccke ccesme'' on the cover, trans. ''The Concert at Hajdučka česma'') is the first live album by Yugoslav rock band Bijelo Dugme, released in 1977. The album's title refers to the ba ...
'' (''The Concert at Hajdučka česma''). The only part of the Hajdučka česma concert that appeared on the album were the recordings of the audience's reactions. After ''Koncert kod Hajdučke česme'' was mixed, Bregović went to serve the army in
Niš Niš (; sr-Cyrl, Ниш, ; names in other languages) is the third largest city in Serbia and the administrative center of the Nišava District. It is located in southern part of Serbia. , the city proper has a population of 183,164, whil ...
and the band went on hiatus; '' Melody Maker'' wrote about Bijelo Dugme's hiatus as about an event "on the edge of national tragedy". Redžić continued to work on the ''Koncert kod hajdučke česme'' recordings, and a live version of "Dede, bona, sjeti se, de tako ti svega" was later used as a B-side for the single "Bitanga i princeza" ("The Brute and the Princess"), released in 1979. In June 1978, Bebek released his first solo album, symphonic rock-oriented ''Skoro da smo isti'' (''We're almost the Same''), which saw mostly negative reactions by the critics. During the same year, Ristovski and Ivandić recorded the album '' Stižemo'' (''Here We Come''). The album, featuring lyrics by Ranko Boban, was recorded in London with Leb i Sol leader
Vlatko Stefanovski Vladimir "Vlatko" Stefanovski ( mk, Влатко Стефановски ) is a Macedonian ethno-rock jazz fusion guitar virtuoso. Biography Vlatko was born into a typical theatrical family. His parents, as artists, often traveled, so soon St ...
on guitar, Zlatko Hold on bass guitar, and Goran Kovačević and Ivandić's sister Gordana on vocals. Ristovski and Ivandić met Bregović during his leave and played him the recordings, believing they could persuade him to let them compose for Bijelo Dugme. After he refused, the two, encouraged by the positive reactions of the critics which had the opportunity to listen to the material, decided to leave Bijelo Dugme. However, on 10 September, the same day for which the beginning of the promotional tour was scheduled, Ivandić, alongside Goran Kovačević and Ranko Boban, was arrested for owning
hashish Hashish ( ar, حشيش, ()), also known as hash, "dry herb, hay" is a drug made by compressing and processing parts of the cannabis plant, typically focusing on flowering buds (female flowers) containing the most trichomes. European Monitoring ...
. Ivandić was sentenced to spend three years in jail (Kovačević was sentenced to year and a half, and Boban to a year). Before he went to serve the sentence, Ivandić went to
psychiatric Psychiatry is the medical specialty devoted to the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of mental disorders. These include various maladaptations related to mood, behaviour, cognition, and perceptions. See glossary of psychiatry. Initial psychi ...
sessions to prepare for the life in jail. The psychiatrist he went to see was Radovan Karadžić. In June 1978, Bregović went to Sarajevo to receive a plaque from the League of Communist Youth of Bosnia and Herzegovina on the behalf of the band. In the autumn of 1978, Pravdić returned to the band and drummer Điđi Jankelić, who participated in the recording of Bebek's solo album, became Bijelo Dugme's new drummer. Jankelić was previously a member of Formula 4 – the lineup in which he played included both Ljubiša Racić and Jadranko Stanković — Rok, Čisti Zrak and Rezonansa. The band started preparing their new album in Niška Banja‚ but, as Bregović was still serving the army, they definitely reunited in Sarajevo on 1 November. The new lineup of the band had their first performance in Skenderija on 4 December 1978. The band's fourth studio album was recorded in Belgrade and produced by Neil Harrison. Several songs featured symphonic orchestra. The making of the album was followed by censorship. The original cover, designed by Dragan S. Stefanović and featuring female leg kicking male's
genital area A sex organ (or reproductive organ) is any part of an animal or plant that is involved in sexual reproduction. The reproductive organs together constitute the reproductive system. In animals, the testis in the male, and the ovary in the female, a ...
, was refused by Jugoton as "vulgar"; instead, the album ended up featuring a cover designed by Jugoton's designer Ivan Ivezić. The verse "Koji mi je moj" ("What the fuck is wrong with me") was excluded from the song "Ala je glupo zaboravit njen broj" ("It's so Stupid to Forget Her Number"), and the verse "A Hrist je bio kopile i jad" ("And
Christ Jesus, likely from he, יֵשׁוּעַ, translit=Yēšūaʿ, label=Hebrew/Aramaic ( AD 30 or 33), also referred to as Jesus Christ or Jesus of Nazareth (among other Names and titles of Jesus in the New Testament, names and titles), was ...
was bastard and misery") from the song "Sve će to, mila moja, prekriti ruzmarin, snjegovi i šaš" ("All of That, My Dear, Will Be Covered by Rosemary, Snow and Reed") was replaced with "A on je bio kopile i jad" ("And he was bastard and misery"). The album '' Bitanga i princeza'' (''The Brute and the Princess'') was released in March 1979 and praised by the critics as Bijelo Dugme's finest work until then. The album did not feature any folk music elements, and brought songs "Bitanga i princeza", "Ala je glupo zaboravit njen broj", "Na zadnjem sjedištu mog auta" ("On the Back Seat of My Car"), "A koliko si ih imala do sad" ("And how Many of Them Have You Had till Now"), and emotional ballads "Ipak poželim neko pismo" ("Still, I Wish for a Letter"), "Kad zaboraviš juli" ("When You Forget July") and "Sve će to, mila moja, prekriti ruzmarin, snjegovi i šaš", all becoming hits. The album broke all the records held by their previous releases. Twelve days before the promotional tour, Pravdić had a car accident in which he broke his
clavicle The clavicle, or collarbone, is a slender, S-shaped long bone approximately 6 inches (15 cm) long that serves as a strut between the shoulder blade and the sternum (breastbone). There are two clavicles, one on the left and one on the right ...
, so he performed on the initial several concerts using only one hand. The tour, however, was highly successful. The band managed to sell out Pionir Hall five times, dedicating all the money earned from these concerts (about 100,000
dollars Dollar is the name of more than 20 Currency, currencies. They include the Australian dollar, Brunei dollar, Canadian dollar, Hong Kong dollar, Jamaican dollar, Liberian dollar, Namibian dollar, New Taiwan dollar, New Zealand dollar, Singapore d ...
) to the victims of the
1979 Montenegro earthquake The 1979 Montenegro earthquake occurred on 15 April at 06:19 UTC with a moment magnitude of 6.9 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of X (''Extreme''). It was the most devastating earthquake in SR Montenegro, then part of Yugoslavia,(Montenegrin)Crno ...
. On some of the concerts they were followed by Branko Krsmanović Choir and a symphonic orchestra. On 22 September, the band organized a concert under the name Rock spektakl '79. (''Rock Spectacle 79'') on
JNA Stadium The Partizan Stadium ( Serbian: Стадион Партизанa / ''Stadion Partizana'') is a football and track-and-field stadium in Autokomanda, Belgrade, Serbia. The home ground of FK Partizan, it was formerly known as JNA Stadium (Stadion ...
, with themselves as the headliners. The concert featured numerous opening acts: Crni Petak, Kilo i Po, Rok Apoteka,
Galija Galija ( sr-cyr, Галија; ) is a Serbian and Yugoslav rock band formed in Niš in 1977. The central figures of the band are brothers Nenad Milosavljević (vocals, acoustic guitar and harmonica) and Predrag Milosavljević (vocals). A large ...
, Kako,
Mama Rock Mama Rock is a Serbian and former Yugoslav rock band, best known for their hit ballad "Eva". History 1977 - 1992 History of Mama Rock begins with band Viktorija (not to be confused with Serbian rock singer Viktorija and her support band) whose ...
, Formula 4, Peta Rijeka, Čisti Zrak, Aerodrom,
Opus ''Opus'' (pl. ''opera'') is a Latin word meaning "work". Italian equivalents are ''opera'' (singular) and ''opere'' (pl.). Opus or OPUS may refer to: Arts and entertainment Music * Opus number, (abbr. Op.) specifying order of (usually) publicatio ...
, Senad od Bosne,
Boomerang A boomerang () is a thrown tool, typically constructed with aerofoil sections and designed to spin about an axis perpendicular to the direction of its flight. A returning boomerang is designed to return to the thrower, while a non-returning b ...
, Prva Ljubav, Revolver, Prljavo Kazalište,
Tomaž Domicelj Tomaž is the Slovene form of the male given name Thomas. People Bearers of these names include: * Tomaž Barada, Slovenian martial artist *Tomaž Čižman (born 1965), Slovenian alpine skier *Tomaž Humar (born 1969), Slovenian mountaineer *Anton ...
, Metak, Obećanje Proljeća,
Suncokret Suncokret ( sr-cyr, Сунцокрет; trans. ''Sunflower'') was a Yugoslav acoustic rock band from Belgrade. Band history 1975 — 1980 The band was formed in 1975 by former Zajedno member Bora Đorđević (vocals and acoustic guitar), a form ...
,
Parni Valjak Parni Valjak (; "steamroller") is a Croatian and former Yugoslav rock band. They were one of the top acts of the former Yugoslav rock scene, and one of the top rock bands in Croatia. Biography Parni Valjak was founded in 1975 in Zagreb. Unli ...
,
Generacija 5 Generacija 5 ( sr-cyr, Генерација 5; trans. ''Generation 5'') is a Serbian and Yugoslav rock band formed in Belgrade in 1977. The mainstay members of the band are keyboardist and band leader Dragoljub Ilić and guitarist Dragan Jovano ...
and
Siluete Siluete ( sr-cyr, Силуете, trans. ''The Silhouettes'') were a Serbian and Yugoslav rock band formed in Belgrade in 1961. They were one of the pioneers of the Yugoslav rock scene. Soon after the formation, Siluete, fronted by charismatic v ...
. More than 70,000 people attended the concert. At the time, Bregović wrote
film music A film score is original music written specifically to accompany a film. The score comprises a number of orchestral, instrumental, or choral pieces called cues, which are timed to begin and end at specific points during the film in order to e ...
for the first time, for Aleksandar Mandić's film ''Personal Affairs'', and the songs "Pristao sam biću sve što hoće" ("I Accepted to Be Anything They Want", with lyrics written by Duško Trifunović) and "Šta je tu je" ("Is What It Is") were recorded by Bijelo Dugme and released on a single record. During 1980, Bregović spent some time in Paris, and the band was on hiatus.


''Doživjeti stotu'': Switch to new wave (1980–82)

At the end of the 1970s and the beginning of the 1980s, the Yugoslav rock scene saw the emergence of the great number of new wave bands, closely associated to the Yugoslav punk rock scene. Bregović was fascinated by the new scene, especially by the works of Azra and Prljavo Kazalište. During 1980, Bijelo Dugme decided to move towards new sound. In December 1980, Bijelo Dugme released new wave-influenced album '' Doživjeti stotu'' (''Live to Be 100''). This was the first Bijelo Dugme album produced by Bregović. Unlike the songs from the band's previous albums, which were prepared much before the album recording, most of the songs from ''Doživjeti stotu'' were created during the recording sessions. As the recordings had to be finished before the scheduled mastering in London, Bregović used cocaine to stay awake, writing the lyrics in the nick of time. The saxophone on the recording was played by jazz musician Jovan Maljoković and
avant-garde The avant-garde (; In 'advance guard' or 'vanguard', literally 'fore-guard') is a person or work that is experimental, radical, or unorthodox with respect to art, culture, or society.John Picchione, The New Avant-garde in Italy: Theoretical D ...
musician Paul Pignon. From the songs on ''Doživjeti stotu'', only the new version of "Pristao sam biću sve što hoće" and "Pjesma mom mlađem bratu" ("The Song for My Little Brother") resembled Bijelo Dugme's old sound. The songs "Ha ha ha" and "Tramvaj kreće (ili kako biti heroj u ova šugava vremena)" ("Streetcar Is Leaving (or How to Be a Hero in These Lousy Times)") were the first Bijelo Dugme songs to feature political-related lyrics. The provocative cover designed by
Mirko Ilić Mirko Ilić (born 1 January 1956) is a Bosnian-born comics artist and graphic designer based in New York City. Yugoslavian period Ilić was born in Bosnia and Herzegovina. His life, schooling and most of his Yugoslav-period-career was located at ...
, an artist closely associated with Yugoslav new wave scene, appeared in three versions. In accordance with their shift towards new wave, the band changed their hard rock style: the members cut their hair short, and the frontman
Željko Bebek Želimir "Željko" Bebek (born 16 December 1945) is a Bosnian and Croatian vocalist and musician most notable for being the lead singer of former Yugoslav rock band Bijelo Dugme from 1974 to 1984. He also has a successful career as a solo artis ...
shaved his trademark mustache. Due to new sound, the album was met with a lot of skepticism, but most of the critics ended up praising the album. At the end of 1980, the readers of ''
Džuboks ''Džuboks'' ( sr-cyr, italic=yes, Џубокс, trans. ''Jukebox'') was a Yugoslav music magazine. Launched in 1966, it was the very first magazine in SFR Yugoslavia dedicated predominantly to rock music and the first rock music magazine to be pu ...
'' magazine polled Bijelo Dugme the Band of the Year, Bebek the Singer of the Year, Pravdić the Keyboardist of the Year, Jankelić the Drummer of the Year, Redžić the Bass Guitarist of the Year, Bregović the Composer, the Lyricist, the Producer and the Arranger of the Year, ''Doživjeti stotu'' the Album of the Year, and ''Doživjeti stotu'' cover the Album Cover of the Year. The band started their Yugoslav tour on 24 February 1981 of the following year, with a concert in Sarajevo, and ended it with a concert in the club
Kulušić Kulušić was a concert club in Zagreb, SR Croatia, SFR Yugoslavia), which hosted many famous international acts and all the important acts from the region. It is particularly associated with the Yugoslav new wave acts of the late 1970s and earl ...
in Zagreb, on which they recorded their second live album, '' 5. april '81'' (''5 April 1981''). The album, featuring a cover of Indexi song "Sve ove godine" ("All These Years"), was released in a limited number of 20,000 copies. Bijelo Dugme performed in Belgrade several times during the tour: after two concerts in Pionir Hall, they performed, alongside British band
Iron Maiden Iron Maiden are an English heavy metal band formed in Leyton, East London, in 1975 by bassist and primary songwriter Steve Harris. While fluid in the early years of the band, the lineup for most of the band's history has consisted of Harris ...
and Yugoslav acts Atomsko Sklonište, Divlje Jagode, Film, Aerodrom,
Slađana Milošević Aleksandra Milošević Hagadone ( sr-cyr, Александра Милошевић Хагадон; born 3 October 1955), better known as Slađana Milošević ( sr-Cyrl, Слађана Милошевић, ) is a Serbian singer-songwriter, composer, ...
,
Siluete Siluete ( sr-cyr, Силуете, trans. ''The Silhouettes'') were a Serbian and Yugoslav rock band formed in Belgrade in 1961. They were one of the pioneers of the Yugoslav rock scene. Soon after the formation, Siluete, fronted by charismatic v ...
,
Haustor Haustor ( hr, Hallway or front door) was a Yugoslav rock band from Zagreb, SR Croatia, a member of the new wave movement, and an important act of the former Yugoslav rock scene. History The basis of the band was formed in 1977, when singer ...
, Kontraritam and others, on the two-day festival Svi marš na ples! (''Everybody Dance Now!'') held at Belgrade Hippodrome, and during the New Year holidays they held three concerts in Hala Pinki together with Indexi. In early 1982, Bijelo Dugme performed in Innsbruck,
Austria Austria, , bar, Östareich officially the Republic of Austria, is a country in the southern part of Central Europe, lying in the Eastern Alps. It is a federation of nine states, one of which is the capital, Vienna, the most populous c ...
, at a manifestation conceptualized as a symbolic passing of the torch whereby the
Winter Olympic Games The Winter Olympic Games (french: link=no, Jeux olympiques d'hiver) is a major international multi-sport event held once every four years for sports practiced on snow and ice. The first Winter Olympic Games, the 1924 Winter Olympics, were hel ...
last host city (Innsbruck) makes a handover to the next one (Sarajevo). On their return to Yugoslavia, the band's equipment was seized by the customs, as it was discovered that they had put new equipment into old boxes. The band's record label,
Jugoton Jugoton was the largest record label and chain record store in the former Yugoslavia based in Zagreb, SR Croatia. History Jugoton was formed in 1947. It is notable for releasing some of the most important former Yugoslav pop and rock records ...
decided to lend 150,000,000 Yugoslav dinars to Bijelo Dugme, to pay the penalty. To regain part of the money as soon as possible, Jugoton decided to release two compilation albums, '' Singl ploče (1974-1975)'' and '' Singl ploče (1976-1980)''. To recover financially, during July and August 1982, the band went on a tour across
Bulgaria Bulgaria (; bg, България, Bǎlgariya), officially the Republic of Bulgaria,, ) is a country in Southeast Europe. It is situated on the eastern flank of the Balkans, and is bordered by Romania to the north, Serbia and North Maced ...
, during which they held 41 concerts, two of them at the crowded People's Army Stadium in the capital Sofia. As Jankelić went to serve the army in April, on this tour the drums were played by former Leb i Sol drummer
Garabet Tavitjan Garabet Tavitjan ( mk, Гарабет Тавитјан) is a Macedonian drummer of Armenian descent who has been a member of the rock group Leb i sol Leb i sol ( mk, Леб и сол) is a Macedonian and former Yugoslav rock group founded i ...
. At the end of 1982, the media published that Bregović was excluded from the League of Communists of Yugoslavia, with the explanation that he did not attend the meetings of the League in his local community. However, due to the growing liberalization, this event did not affect Bregović's and the band's career. At the end of 1982, Ivandić was released from prison and was approached to rejoin the band. With his return to the band, Bijelo Dugme's default lineup reunited.


After ''Doživjeti stotu'', Bebek's departure (1983–84)

At the beginning of 1983 Bijelo Dugme recorded a
children's music Children's music or kids' music is music composed and performed for children. In European-influenced contexts this means music, usually songs, written specifically for a juvenile audience. The composers are usually adults. Children's music has hi ...
album '' ...a milicija trenira strogoću! (i druge pjesmice za djecu)'' (''...and Police Trains Strictness! (and Other Songs for Children)''). The lyrics for the album were written by Duško Trifunović. It was initially planned pop rock singer Seid Memić "Vajta" to sing, but eventually vocals were recorded by the eleven-year-old Ratimir Boršić "Rača", and the album was released under Ratimir Boršić Rača & Bijelo Dugme moniker. In February 1983, the band released the album '' Uspavanka za Radmilu M.'' (''Lullaby for Radmila M.''). Bregović intended to release ''Uspavanka za Radmilu M.'' as Bijelo Dugme's farewell album and to dismiss the band after the tour. The album was recorded in Skopje and featured
Vlatko Stefanovski Vladimir "Vlatko" Stefanovski ( mk, Влатко Стефановски ) is a Macedonian ethno-rock jazz fusion guitar virtuoso. Biography Vlatko was born into a typical theatrical family. His parents, as artists, often traveled, so soon St ...
(guitar), Blagoje Morotov (double bass) and Arsen Ereš (saxophone) as guest musicians. The songs "Ako možeš zaboravi" ("Forget, if You Can"), "U vrijeme otkazanih letova" ("In the Time of Canceled Flights"), "Polubauk polukruži poluevropom" ("Half-Spectre is Half-Haunting Half-Europe", the title referring to the first sentence of ''
The Communist Manifesto ''The Communist Manifesto'', originally the ''Manifesto of the Communist Party'' (german: Manifest der Kommunistischen Partei), is a political pamphlet written by German philosophers Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. Commissioned by the Commu ...
'') and "Ovaj ples dame biraju" ("Ladies' Choice") featured diverse sound, illustrating various phases in the band's career. The album's title track is the only instrumental track Bijelo Dugme ever recorded. Unlike the band's previous album, ''Uspavanka za Radmilu M.'' was not followed by a large promotion in the media. The release of the album was followed by the release of the videotape cassette ''Uspavanka za Radmilu M.'', which featured videos for all the songs from the album. It was the first project of the kind in the history of Yugoslav rock music. The videos were directed by Boris Miljković and Branimir Dimitrijević "Tucko". The video for the song "Ovaj ples dame biraju" was the first gay-themed video in Yugoslavia. The song "Kosovska" (" Kosovo Song") featured
Albanian language Albanian (Endonym and exonym, endonym: or ) is an Indo-European languages, Indo-European language and an independent branch of that family of languages. It is spoken by the Albanians in the Balkans and by the Albanian diaspora, which is gen ...
lyrics. Written during delicate political situation in Socialist Autonomous Province of Kosovo, the song represented Bregović's effort to integrate the culture of Kosovo Albanians into Yugoslav rock music. Although lyrics were simple, dealing with rock music, the song caused certain controversies. ''Uspavanka za Radmilu M.'' did not bring numerous hits as the band's previous releases, however, the tour was very successful, and the audience's response made Bregović change his mind about dismissing the band. After the tour, Bijelo Dugme went on a hiatus and Bebek recorded his second solo album, ''Mene tjera neki vrag'' (''Some Devil is Making Me Do It''). His last concert with Bijelo Dugme was on 13 February 1984, in Sarajevo Olympic Village. Unsatisfied with his share of the profit in Bijelo Dugme, he decided to leave the band and dedicate himself to his solo career. He left Bijelo Dugme in April 1984, starting a semi-successful solo career. For a certain period of time, Bebek's backing band would feature Jankelić on drums.


Mladen Vojičić "Tifa" years (1984–86)

After Bebek's departure,
Alen Islamović Alija "Alen" Islamović (; born 17 August 1957) is a Bosnian rock vocalist. He is best known as the lead singer of Bosnian and Yugoslav rock bands Divlje jagode from 1979 to 1986 and Bijelo Dugme from 1986 to 1989. Born Alija Islamović in Bih ...
, vocalist for the heavy metal band Divlje Jagode, was approached to join the band, but he refused fearing that Bebek might decide to return. Eventually, the new Bijelo Dugme singer became then relatively unknown Mladen Vojičić "Tifa", a former Top and
Teška Industrija Teška Industrija (trans. "''Heavy Industry''") is a Rock music, rock band from Bosnia and Herzegovina, based in Sarajevo. They are noted for a mixture of hard rock and prog-rock sound with elements of bosnian folk music and "symphonic" arrangement ...
member. The band spent summer in Rovinj, where they held small performances in Monvi tourist centre, preparing for the upcoming album recording. At the time, Ivandić started working with the synthpop band Amila, whose frontess Amila Sulejmanović often performed as a backing vocalist on Bijelo Dugme concerts. At the time Bregović, with singer
Zdravko Čolić Zdravko Čolić (, ; born 30 May 1951) is a Bosnian Serb singer and is widely considered one of the greatest vocalists and cultural icons of the former Yugoslavia. Dubbed the " Tom Jones of the Balkans", he has garnered fame in Southeastern Europ ...
, formed Slovenia-based record label Kamarad, which co-released Bijelo Dugme's new album with
Diskoton ''Diskoton'' was a major record label in SFR Yugoslavia, based in Sarajevo, Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The company ceased to exist in 1992, with the outbreak of the War in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The studio was destroyed along ...
. The album was released in December 1984, entitled simply '' Bijelo Dugme'', but is, as the cover featured
Uroš Predić Uroš Predić ( sr-Cyrl, Урош Предић, ; Orlovat, 7 December 1857 – Belgrade, 12 February 1953) was a Serbian Realist painter. Predić is perhaps best known for his early works depicting ordinary people, as well as his many portrai ...
's painting ''Kosovo Maiden'', also unofficially known as ''Kosovka djevojka'' ('' Kosovo Maiden''). The album featured both Ristovski and Pravdić on keyboards, and, after the album recording, Ristovski became an official member of the band once again. ''Bijelo Dugme'' featured folk-oriented pop rock sound which had, alongside a cover of Yugoslav anthem " Hej, Sloveni" featured on the album, influenced a great number of bands from Sarajevo, labeled as New Partisans. The album featured a new version of "Šta ću nano dragi mi je ljut" ("What Can I Do, Mom, My Darling Is Angry"), written by Bregović and originally recorded by
Bisera Veletanlić Bisera Veletanlić ( sr-cyr, Бисера Велетанлић, ; born 15 September 1942 in Sisak) is a Serbian jazz singer (with partly Bosniak origin), one of the greatest names of Yugoslav evergreen scene and the star of music festivals in the 1 ...
, Bijelo Dugme version entitled "Lipe cvatu, sve je isto k'o i lani" (" Linden Trees Are in Bloom, Everything's just like It Used to Be"), which became the album's biggest hit. Other hits included "Padaju zvijezde" ("The Stars Are Falling"), "Lažeš" ("You're Lying"), "Da te bogdo ne volim" ("If I Could Only Not Love You") and "Jer kad ostariš" ("Because, When You Grow Old"). The song "Pediculis pubis" (misspelling of "
Pediculosis pubis Pediculosis pubis (also known as "crabs" and "pubic lice") is an infestation by the pubic louse, ''Pthirus pubis'', a wingless insect which feeds on blood and lays its eggs (nits) on mainly pubic hair. Less commonly, hair near the anus, armpi ...
") featured
Bora Đorđević Borisav "Bora" Đorđević ( sr-cyr, Борисав, Бора Ђорђевић; born 1 November 1952), also known as Bora Čorba ( sr-cyr, Бора Чорба), is a Serbian singer, songwriter, and poet. He is best known as the frontman of the ...
, the leader of Bijelo Dugme's main competitors at the time,
Riblja Čorba Riblja Čorba ( sr-Cyrl, Рибља Чорба, pronounced ; translation: lit. ''Fish Stew'') is a Serbian and former Yugoslav rock band formed in Belgrade in 1978. The band was one of the most popular and most influential acts of the Yugosla ...
, on vocals; he co-wrote the song with Bregović and sung it with Bregović and Vojičić. The album also featured Radio Television of Skopje Folk Instruments Orchestra, folk group Ladarice on backing vocals, Pece Atanasovski on
gaida A gaida is a bagpipe from Southeastern Europe. Southern European bagpipes known as ''gaida'' include: the , , (), () () or (), ''(')'', , also . Construction Bag Gaida bags are generally of sheep or goat hide. Different regions hav ...
and Sonja Beran-Leskovšek on harp. The album was sold in more than 420,000 copies. The tour was also very successful. The band held a successful concert at Belgrade Fair in front of some 27,000 people (which was, up to that point, the biggest number of spectators in an indoor concert in Belgrade), but also performed in clubs on several occasions. The stylized army uniform in whIch the members of the band appeared on stage and the large red star from Kamarad logo were partially inspired by the works of
Laibach Laibach () is a Slovenian avant-garde music group associated with the industrial, martial, and neo-classical genres. Formed in the mining town of Trbovlje (at the time in Yugoslavia) in 1980, Laibach represents the musical wing of the Neue S ...
. In the summer of 1985, Bijelo Dugme, alongside
Bajaga i Instruktori Bajaga i Instruktori (Serbian Cyrillic: Бајага и Инструктори; trans. ''Bajaga and the Instructors'') are a Serbian and Yugoslav rock band formed in Belgrade in 1984. Founded and led by vocalist, guitarist and principal composer ...
, represented Yugoslavia at the
12th World Festival of Youth and Students The 12th World Festival of Youth and Students was held from 27 July to 3 August 1985 in Moscow, capital city of the then Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. The festival was attended by 26,000 people from 157 countries. The slogan of the festival ...
held in Moscow. The two bands should have held their first concert on 28 July in Gorky Park. The soundcheck, during which Yugoslav technicians played Bruce Springsteen and Pink Floyd songs, attracted some 100,000 people to the location. Bajaga i Instruktori opened the concert, however, after some time, the police started to beat the ecstatic audience, and the concert was interrupted by the Soviet officials, so Bijelo Dugme did not have to opportunity to go out on the stage. Fearing new riots, the Moscow authorities scheduled the second concert in Dinamo Hall, and the third one in the Moscow Green Theatre. The first one, held on 30 July, was attended by about 2,000 uninterested factory workers, and the second one, held on 2 August and also featuring
British British may refer to: Peoples, culture, and language * British people, nationals or natives of the United Kingdom, British Overseas Territories, and Crown Dependencies. ** Britishness, the British identity and common culture * British English, ...
bands
Misty in Roots Misty in Roots are a British roots reggae band formed in Southall, London, in the mid 1970s. Their first album was 1979's ''Live at the Counter Eurovision'', a record full of Rastafarian songs. It was championed by BBC Radio 1 DJ John Peel, hel ...
and
Everything but the Girl Everything but the Girl (occasionally referred to as EBTG) are an English musical duo formed in Kingston upon Hull in 1982, consisting of lead singer and occasional guitarist Tracey Thorn and guitarist, keyboardist, producer and singer Ben Watt ...
, by about 10,000 young activists with special passes. The concerts in Moscow were Vojičić's last performances with the band. Under the pressure of professional obligations, sudden fame and media scandal in which it was discovered that he uses LSD, he decided to leave the band. After leaving Bijelo Dugme, Vojičić would first go on a tour with Željko Bebek and the band Armija B, then he would join Vukašinović's band Vatreni Poljubac, then heavy metal band Divlje Jagode (whose singer Alen Islamović replaced him in Bijelo Dugme), and eventually start a solo career.


Alen Islamović years and disbandment (1986–89)

After Vojičić's departure,
Alen Islamović Alija "Alen" Islamović (; born 17 August 1957) is a Bosnian rock vocalist. He is best known as the lead singer of Bosnian and Yugoslav rock bands Divlje jagode from 1979 to 1986 and Bijelo Dugme from 1986 to 1989. Born Alija Islamović in Bih ...
was once again approached to join the band. At the time, Islamović's band Divlje Jagode were based in London, working on their international career under the name Wild Strawberries. Doubting the success of their efforts, Islamović left them and joined Bijelo Dugme. The new album, '' Pljuni i zapjevaj moja Jugoslavijo'' (''Spit and Sing, My Yugoslavia''), was released in 1986. Inspired by
Yugoslavism Yugoslavism, Yugoslavdom, or Yugoslav nationalism is an ideology supporting the notion that the South Slavs, namely the Bosniaks, Croats, Macedonians, Montenegrins, Serbs and Slovenes, but also Bulgarians, belong to a single Yugoslav natio ...
, with numerous references to Yugoslav unity and the lyrics on the inner sleeve printed in both
Cyrillic , bg, кирилица , mk, кирилица , russian: кириллица , sr, ћирилица, uk, кирилиця , fam1 = Egyptian hieroglyphs , fam2 = Proto-Sinaitic , fam3 = Phoenician , fam4 = Gr ...
and Latin alphabets, the album featured the already familiar pop rock sound with folk elements. Bregović originally wanted the album to contain contributions from individuals known for holding political views outside of the official League of Communists ideology. To that end he and the band's manager Raka Marić approached three such individuals who were effectively proscribed from public discourse in Yugoslavia: pop singer
Vice Vukov Vinko "Vice" Vukov (3 August 1936 – 24 September 2008) was a Croatian singer and politician. Biography Vukov was born in Šibenik. In 1959, he achieved instant fame by winning the Opatija Music Festival in his singing debut, with the song "Mir ...
, who represented SFR Yugoslavia at the
1963 Eurovision Song Contest The Eurovision Song Contest 1963 was the eighth edition of the annual Eurovision Song Contest and took place in London, United Kingdom. It was organised by the European Broadcasting Union (EBU) and host broadcaster British Broadcasting Corporatio ...
before seeing his career prospects marginalized after being branded a Croatian
nationalist Nationalism is an idea and movement that holds that the nation should be congruent with the State (polity), state. As a movement, nationalism tends to promote the interests of a particular nation (as in a in-group and out-group, group of peo ...
due to his association with the
Croatian Spring The Croatian Spring ( hr, Hrvatsko proljeće), or Maspok, was a political conflict that took place from 1967 to 1971 in the Socialist Republic of Croatia, at the time part of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. As one of six republic ...
political movement; painter and experimental filmmaker Mića Popović, associated with Yugoslav Black Wave film movement, who got a dissident reputation due to his paintings; politician and diplomat
Koča Popović Konstantin "Koča" Popović ( sr-cyrl, Константин "Коча" Поповић; 14 March 1908 – 20 October 1992) was a Yugoslav politician and communist volunteer in the Spanish Civil War, 1937–1939 and Divisional Commander of the Fir ...
who, despite a prominent World War II engagement on the Partisan side as the First Proletarian Brigade commander that earned him the Order of the People's Hero medal, followed by high political and diplomatic appointments in the post-war period, nevertheless got silently removed from public life in 1972 after supporting a liberal faction within the Yugoslav Communist League's Serbian branch. Bregović's idea was to have Vukov sing the ballad "Ružica si bila, sada više nisi" ("You Were Once a Little Rose"). However, despite Vukov accepting, the plan never got implemented after the band's manager Marić got arrested and interrogated by the police at the Sarajevo Airport upon returning from Zagreb where he met Vukov. Mića Popović's contribution to the album was to be his ''Dve godine garancije'' (''A Two-Year Warranty'') painting featuring a
pensioner A pensioner is a person who receives a pension, most commonly because of retirement from the workforce. This is a term typically used in the United Kingdom (along with OAP, initialism of old-age pensioner), Ireland and Australia where someone of ...
sleeping on a park bench while using pages of ''
Politika ''Politika'' ( sr-Cyrl, Политика; ''Politics'') is a Serbian daily newspaper, published in Belgrade. Founded in 1904 by Vladislav F. Ribnikar, it is the oldest daily newspaper still in circulation in the Balkans. Publishing and owners ...
'' newspaper as
blanket A blanket is a swath of soft cloth large enough either to cover or to enfold most of the user's body and thick enough to keep the body warm by trapping radiant body heat that otherwise would be lost through convection. Etymology The term ...
to warm himself, which Bregović wanted to use as the album cover. When approached, Mića Popović also accepted though warning Bregović of possible problems the musician would likely face. Koča Popović was reportedly somewhat receptive to the idea of participating on the album, but still turned the offer down. Eventually, under pressure from Diskoton, Bregović gave up on his original ideas. A World War II holder of the Order of the People's Hero still appeared on the record, however, instead of Koča Popović, it was Svetozar Vukmanović Tempo. He, together with Bregović and children from the Ljubica Ivezić orphanage in Sarajevo, sang a cover of " Padaj silo i nepravdo" ("Fall, (Oh) Force and Injustice"), an old
revolutionary song Revolutionary songs are political songs that advocate or praise revolutions. They are used to boost morale, as well as for political propaganda or agitation. Amongst the most well-known revolutionary songs are "La Marseillaise" and "The Internatio ...
. Instead of Popović's painting, the album cover featured a photograph of
Chinese Chinese can refer to: * Something related to China * Chinese people, people of Chinese nationality, citizenship, and/or ethnicity **''Zhonghua minzu'', the supra-ethnic concept of the Chinese nation ** List of ethnic groups in China, people of v ...
social realist Social realism is the term used for work produced by painters, printmakers, photographers, writers and filmmakers that aims to draw attention to the real socio-political conditions of the working class as a means to critique the power structure ...
ballet. Vukmanović's appearance on the album was described by '' The Guardian'' as "some sort of Bregović's coup d'état". The album's main hits were pop song "Hajdemo u planine" ("Let's Go to the Mountains"), "Noćas je k'o lubenica pun mjesec iznad Bosne" ("Tonight a Moon Full like a Watermelon Is over Bosnia"), ballads "Te noći kad umrem, kad odem, kad me ne bude" ("That Night, When I Die, When I Leave, When I'm Gone") and "Ružica si bila, sada više nisi". In 1987, Belgrade rock journalist Dragan Kremer, in the show ''Mit mjeseca'' (''Myth of the Month'') on the
RTV Sarajevo TVSA or Televizija Kantona Sarajevo (Sarajevo Canton Television) is a public TV channel founded by Assembly of Sarajevo Canton. Headquarters of TVSA is located in capital city of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Sarajevo (along with national and entity l ...
, expressing his opinion about the band's new direction, tore the album cover, and made Bregović, who appeared in the following edition of the show, very angry, which was one of the larger media scandals of the time. The incident however, did not affect the album sales. The tour was also very successful, and the concert at Belgrade Fair featured
opera singer Opera is a form of theatre in which music is a fundamental component and dramatic roles are taken by singers. Such a "work" (the literal translation of the Italian word "opera") is typically a collaboration between a composer and a libretti ...
Dubravka Zubović as guest. The double live album '' Mramor, kamen i željezo'' (''Marble, Stone and Iron''), recorded on the tour and produced by Redžić, was released in 1987. The title song was a cover of a hit by the Yugoslav 1960s
beat Beat, beats or beating may refer to: Common uses * Patrol, or beat, a group of personnel assigned to monitor a specific area ** Beat (police), the territory that a police officer patrols ** Gay beat, an area frequented by gay men * Battery ...
band Roboti. The album offered a retrospective of the band's work, featuring songs from their first singles to their latest album. The album featured similar Yugoslavist iconography as the bands' previous two releases: the track "A milicija trenira strogoću" begins with " The Internationale" melody, during the intro to "Svi marš na ples" Islamović shouts "Bratsvo! Jedinstvo!" (" Brotherhood! Unity!"), and the album cover features a photograph from the 5th Congress of the
Communist Party of Yugoslavia The League of Communists of Yugoslavia, mk, Сојуз на комунистите на Југославија, Sojuz na komunistite na Jugoslavija known until 1952 as the Communist Party of Yugoslavia, sl, Komunistična partija Jugoslavije mk ...
. ''Mramor, kamen i željezo'' was the band's last album to feature Vlado Pravdić. He left the band after the album release, dedicating himself to business with computers. However, he continued to occasionally perform with the band, on larger concerts, and was, until the end of the band's activity, still considered an official member. At the end of 1988, the album ''
Ćiribiribela ''Ćiribiribela'' is the ninth and final studio album released by Yugoslav rock band Bijelo Dugme, released in 1988. ''Ćirbiribela'' would be the band's last release (excluding compilation albums) before the band's 2005 reunion and the live album ...
'' was released. Recorded during the political crisis in Yugoslavia, the album was marked by Bregović's pacifist efforts: the album cover featured
Edward Hicks Edward Hicks (April 4, 1780 – August 23, 1849) was an American folk painter and distinguished religious minister of the Society of Friends (aka "Quakers"). He became a Quaker icon because of his paintings. Biography Early life Edward ...
' painting ''Noah's Ark'' on the cover, the song "Lijepa naša" ("Our Beautiful") featured the national anthem of Croatia " Lijepa naša domovino" ("Our Beautiful Homeland") combined with the Serbian traditional World War I song " Tamo daleko" ("There, Far Away"), and the title track featured lyrics about a love couple which decides to "stay at home and kiss" if the war starts. The album's biggest hit was "Đurđevdan je, a ja nisam s onom koju volim" ("It's St. George's Day, and I'm Not with the One I Love'"), based on traditional
Romani Romani may refer to: Ethnicities * Romani people, an ethnic group of Northern Indian origin, living dispersed in Europe, the Americas and Asia ** Romani genocide, under Nazi rule * Romani language, any of several Indo-Aryan languages of the Roma ...
song " Ederlezi" and featuring Fejat Sejdić Trumpet Orchestra. Other hits included "Evo zakleću se" ("Here, I'll Make A Vow"), "Ako ima Boga" ("If There Is God"), "Šta ima novo" ("What's New"), "Nakon svih ovih godina" ("After All These Years"), pop-influenced "Napile se ulice" ("The Streets Are Drunk") and Dalmatian folk music-inspired "Ćirbiribela". After the album release, Radio-Television Belgrade wanted to make a video for the song "Đurđevdan je, a ja nisam s onom koju volim". The original idea was for the video to feature iconography inspired by the Serbian Army in World War I. The video was recorded in the village
Koraćica Koraćica (Serbian Cyrillic: Кораћица) is a village situated in Mladenovac Mladenovac ( sr-cyr, Младеновац, ) is a municipality of the city of Belgrade. According to the 2011 census results, the municipality has a population of ...
in Central Serbia. The band came to the recording not knowing anything about the video concept. They should have worn uniforms (without any insignia) and old weapons, but Islamović thought the idea was too "pro-war", so refused to wear a uniform. Eventually, the band and the director reached an agreement: everyone, except Islamović, wore Serbian traditional costumes, with only several of the original props used. However, after the video was recorded, the Radio-Television Belgrade editors themselves decided not to emit it, fearing it might remind of the
Chetnik movement The Chetniks ( sh-Cyrl-Latn, Четници, Četnici, ; sl, Četniki), formally the Chetnik Detachments of the Yugoslav Army, and also the Yugoslav Army in the Homeland and the Ravna Gora Movement, was a Kingdom of Yugoslavia, Yugoslav royali ...
. At the beginning of 1989, the band went on a tour which should have lasted until 1 April. The concert in Belgrade, held in Belgrade Fair on 4 February, was attended by about 13,000 people. The concert featured Dubravka Zubović, the First Singing Society of Belgrade, the Fejat Sejdić Trumpet Orchestra and
klapa Klapa music is a form of traditional a cappella singing with origins in Dalmatia, Croatia. The word ''klapa'' translates as "a group of friends" and traces its roots to littoral church singing. The motifs in general celebrate love, wine (grapes), ...
Trogir. The concert in Sarajevo's Zetra, held on 11 February, was also very successful; it was attended by more than 20,000 people. However, on some concerts in Croatia, the audience booed and threw various objects on stage when the band performed their pro-Yugoslav songs. After the concert in
Modriča Modriča ( sr-cyrl, Модрича) is a town and municipality located in Republika Srpska, an entity of Bosnia and Herzegovina. As of 2013 census, the town has a population of 10,137 inhabitants, while the municipality has a population of 25,72 ...
, held on 15 March, with four concerts left until the end of the tour, Islamović checked into a hospital with kidney pains. This event revealed the existing conflicts inside the band: Bregović claimed that Islamović had no problems during the tour, while the band's manager, Raka Marić, stated that Bijelo Dugme would search for a new singer for the planned concerts in China and Soviet Union. Bregović went to Paris, leaving Bijelo Dugme's status opened for speculations. In 1990, the compilation album ''Nakon svih ovih godina'' was released, featuring recordings made between 1984 and 1989. As Yugoslav Wars broke out in 1991, it became clear that Bijelo Dugme would not continue their activity.


Post-breakup

Bregović continued his career as a film music composer, cooperating mostly with Emir Kusturica. Redžić moved to Finland, where he worked as a producer, and after the
Bosnian War The Bosnian War ( sh, Rat u Bosni i Hercegovini / Рат у Босни и Херцеговини) was an international armed conflict that took place in Bosnia and Herzegovina between 1992 and 1995. The war is commonly seen as having started ...
ended, he returned to Sarajevo, where he opened a rock club. After the war broke out, Ivandić went to Belgrade, where he, in 1994, died after falling from the sixth floor of the building in which he lived; the death was believed to be a suicide. Ristovski continued to record solo albums and worked as a studio musician. During the 1990s he worked with glam metal band Osvajači and his former band
Smak Smak ( sr-Cyrl, Смак; trans. ''The end time'') was a Serbian and Yugoslav band from Kragujevac. The group reached the peak of popularity in the 1970s when it was one of the most notable acts of the former Yugoslav rock scene. The band's lea ...
. Islamović, who recorded his first solo album ''Haj, nek se čuje, haj nek se zna'' (''Hey, May All Hear, Hey, May All Know'') in 1989, started a semi-successful solo career. In 1994, the double compilation album ''Ima neka tajna veza'' (''There's Some Secret Connection''), featuring
Dragan Malešević Tapi Dragan Malešević Tapi ( sr-Cyrl, Драган Малешевић Тапи; 22 January 1949 – 29 October 2002) was a Serbian painter. Although by vocation an economist, he is generally considered one of the leading painters of Serbian hyperrea ...
's painting ''Radost bankrota'' (''The Joy of Bankruptcy'') on the cover, was released.


2005 reunion

Bregović, who during the 1990s became one of the most internationally known modern composers of the Balkans, on numerous occasions stated that he will not reunite Bijelo Dugme. However, in 2005, Bijelo Dugme reunited, with
Goran Bregović Goran Bregović (born 22 March 1950) is a recording artist from Bosnia and Herzegovina. He is one of the most internationally known modern musicians and composers of the Slavic-speaking countries in the Balkans, and is one of the few former Yug ...
on guitar,
Željko Bebek Želimir "Željko" Bebek (born 16 December 1945) is a Bosnian and Croatian vocalist and musician most notable for being the lead singer of former Yugoslav rock band Bijelo Dugme from 1974 to 1984. He also has a successful career as a solo artis ...
, Mladen Vojičić and
Alen Islamović Alija "Alen" Islamović (; born 17 August 1957) is a Bosnian rock vocalist. He is best known as the lead singer of Bosnian and Yugoslav rock bands Divlje jagode from 1979 to 1986 and Bijelo Dugme from 1986 to 1989. Born Alija Islamović in Bih ...
on vocals,
Zoran Redžić Zoran Redžić (born 29 January 1948) is a Bosnian musician, best known for playing the bass guitar in the popular Yugoslav rock band Bijelo Dugme. Born in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Yugoslavia, he is a younger brother of another Bosnian ...
on bass guitar, Milić Vukašinović and Điđi Jankelić on drums and
Vlado Pravdić Vladimir "Vlado" Pravdić (born 6 December 1949) is a Bosnian musician most famous as the organist of the Yugoslav rock group Bijelo dugme from 1974 to 1976 and again from 1978 to 1987. Born in Sarajevo, PR Bosnia-Herzegovina, FPR Yugoslavia as ...
and
Laza Ristovski Lazar "Laza" Ristovski (Serbian Cyrillic: Лаза Ристовски, ; 23 January 1956 – 6 October 2007) was a Serbian and former Yugoslav keyboardist, known for being a member of rock bands Smak and Bijelo Dugme, as well as for his eclect ...
on keyboards. The reunion saw huge media attention in all former Yugoslav republics, followed by various forms of yugonostalgia. The band held only three concerts: in Sarajevo, at Koševo stadium, Zagreb, at Maksimir stadium, and
Belgrade Belgrade ( , ;, ; names in other languages) is the capital and largest city in Serbia. It is located at the confluence of the Sava and Danube rivers and the crossroads of the Pannonian Plain and the Balkan Peninsula. Nearly 1,166,763 m ...
, at Belgrade Hippodrome. The concerts featured a string orchestra, a brass band,
klapa Klapa music is a form of traditional a cappella singing with origins in Dalmatia, Croatia. The word ''klapa'' translates as "a group of friends" and traces its roots to littoral church singing. The motifs in general celebrate love, wine (grapes), ...
group Nostalgija and two female singers from Bregović's Weddings and Funerals Orchestra. During the concerts, Bregović, Redžić, Pravdić and Ristovski performed for the whole time, while Vukašinović and Jankelić changed on drums. Islamović opened the concerts in Sarajevo and Zagreb, and Vojičić opened the concert in Belgrade. Bebek sung third on all three concerts. The concerts also featured an unplugged section, during which Bregović and Bebek played guitars and all three singers performed. The concert in Sarajevo attracted about 60,000 people, and the concert in Zagreb was attended by more than 70,000 people. For the concert in Belgrade, more than 220,000 tickets were sold, but it was later estimated that it was attended by more than 250,000 people, making it one of the highest-attended ticketed concerts of all time. However, the concert in Belgrade was much criticized because of the bad sound. The live album '' Turneja 2005: Sarajevo, Zagreb, Beograd'' (''2005 Tour – Sarajevo, Zagreb, Belgrade'') recorded on the tour was released.


Post-2005

Ristovski died in Belgrade on 6 October 2007, following years of battle with multiple sclerosis. In 2014, Raka Marić made an attempt to reunite Bijelo Dugme once again to mark the band's 40th anniversary, but the agreement could not be reached, despite the fact the members were interested in a new reunion. Eventually,
Goran Bregović Goran Bregović (born 22 March 1950) is a recording artist from Bosnia and Herzegovina. He is one of the most internationally known modern musicians and composers of the Slavic-speaking countries in the Balkans, and is one of the few former Yug ...
marked 40 years since the formation of the band and the release of their debut album with a series of concerts with his “Weddings and Funerals Orchestra”, featuring
Alen Islamović Alija "Alen" Islamović (; born 17 August 1957) is a Bosnian rock vocalist. He is best known as the lead singer of Bosnian and Yugoslav rock bands Divlje jagode from 1979 to 1986 and Bijelo Dugme from 1986 to 1989. Born Alija Islamović in Bih ...
as vocalist. To mark the anniversary,
Croatia Records Croatia Records is the largest major record label in Croatia, based in Zagreb ( Dubrava). Summary Croatia Records d.d. is a joint-stock company currently led by the chief executive officer Želimir Babogredac, a notable sound engineer. It release ...
released a box set entitled ''Box Set Deluxe''. The box set, released in a limited number of 1,000 copies, features remastered vinyl editions of all studio albums, and the reissue of the band's first 7-inch single as bonus.


Influence and legacy

Bijelo Dugme is generally considered to have been the most popular act ever to appear in SFR Yugoslavia and its successor countries, inspiring many artists from different musical genres. The musicians that were, in their own words, influenced by Bijelo Dugme include guitarist and leader of Prljavo Kazalište Jasenko Houra, singer and former Bulevar and
Bajaga i Instruktori Bajaga i Instruktori (Serbian Cyrillic: Бајага и Инструктори; trans. ''Bajaga and the Instructors'') are a Serbian and Yugoslav rock band formed in Belgrade in 1984. Founded and led by vocalist, guitarist and principal composer ...
member
Dejan Cukić Dejan Cukić ( sr-cyr, Дејан Цукић; born November 4, 1959) is a Serbian rock musician, journalist, writer and translator. During the late 1970s and early 1980s, Cukić was the frontman of the new wave band Bulevar, releasing two a ...
, guitarist and former leader of KUD Idijoti Aleksandar "Sale Veruda" Milovanović, singer and former Merlin leader Dino Merlin, and others. The acts that recorded covers of Bijelo Dugme songs include Aska, Srđan Marjanović, Regina, Revolveri, Prljavi Inspektor Blaža i Kljunovi, Viktorija, Sokoli,
Massimo Savić Massimo Moreno Savić (6 June 1962 – 23 December 2022), also known simply as Massimo, was a Croatian pop singer. His father was a native of Tulež near Aranđelovac. His mother was Italian from Istria, a native of Raša near Labin. He fir ...
, Vasko Serafimov,
Zoran Predin Zoran Predin (born 16 June 1958) is a Slovenian singer-songwriter from Maribor. In the 1980s, he was the front man of the new wave rock band '' Lačni Franz''. He also writes music for film, television, and theatre. In the late 1990s and early 2 ...
and Matija Dedić, Branimir "Džoni" Štulić,
Teška Industrija Teška Industrija (trans. "''Heavy Industry''") is a Rock music, rock band from Bosnia and Herzegovina, based in Sarajevo. They are noted for a mixture of hard rock and prog-rock sound with elements of bosnian folk music and "symphonic" arrangement ...
,
Texas Flood ''Texas Flood'' is the debut studio album by the American blues rock band Stevie Ray Vaughan and Double Trouble, released on June 13, 1983 by Epic Records. The album was named after a cover featured on the album, " Texas Flood", which was first ...
and others. The song "Ima neka tajna veza" was performed by
Joan Baez Joan Chandos Baez (; born January 9, 1941) is an American singer, songwriter, musician, and activist. Her contemporary folk music often includes songs of protest and social justice. Baez has performed publicly for over 60 years, releasing more ...
on her 2014 concerts in Belgrade and Zagreb. The band's work has been parodied by Paraf,
Gustafi Gustafi are a Croatian folk rock band formed in Vodnjan, a small town in Istria, in 1980. The band was founded by Edi Maružin, Vlado Maružin, Čedomir Mošnja, Igor Arih and Livio Morosin and was originally called ''Gustaph y njegovi dobri duho ...
,
Rambo Amadeus Antonije Pušić (; born 14 June 1963), known professionally as Rambo Amadeus () is a Montenegrin author. A self-titled "musician, poet, and media manipulator", he is a noted artist across the countries of former Yugoslavia. His songs combine ...
, S.A.R.S., and others. There were several books written about the band: ''Istina o Bijelom dugmetu'' (''The Truth about Bijelo Dugme'', 1977) by Danilo Štrbac, ''Bijelo Dugme'' (1980) by Duško Pavlović, ''Ništa mudro'' (1981) by Darko Glavan and Dražen Vrdoljak, ''Lopuže koje nisu uhvatili'' (''Rascals That Weren't Caught'', 1985) by Dušan Vesić, ''Bijelo Dugme'' (2005) by Asir Misirlić, ''Bijelo Dugme – Doživjeti stotu'' (2005) by Zvonimir Krstulović, ''Kad bi bio bijelo dugme'' (2005) by Nenad Stevović, ''Kad sam bio bijelo dugme'' (''When I Was a White Button'', 2005) by Ljubiša Stavrić and Vladimir Sudar and ''Šta bi dao da si na mom mjestu'' (2014) by Dušan Vesić. In 1994, Radio Television of Serbia aired a four-part documentary about the band entitled ''Nakon svih ovih godina''. In 2010, Igor Stoimenov directed a documentary about the band, entitled simply ''Bijelo Dugme''. The book '' YU 100: najbolji albumi jugoslovenske rok i pop muzike'' (''YU 100: The Best albums of Yugoslav pop and rock music''), published in 1998, features eight Bijelo Dugme albums: '' Bitanga i princeza'' (polled No. 10), ''
Kad bi bio bijelo dugme ''Kad bi' bio bijelo dugme'' (trans. ''If I Were a White Button'') is the 1974 debut studio album from influential Yugoslav rock band Bijelo Dugme. The album was polled the 14th on the 100 Greatest Yugoslav Rock and Pop Albums list in the 1998 b ...
'' (polled No. 14), '' Šta bi dao da si na mom mjestu'' (polled No. 17), '' Bijelo Dugme'' (polled No. 28), '' Eto! Baš hoću!'' (polled No. 31), '' Doživjeti stotu'' (polled No. 35), '' Pljuni i zapjevaj moja Jugoslavijo'' (polled No. 53), and ''
Koncert kod Hajdučke česme ''Koncert kod Hajdučke česme'' (styled ''koncert kod hajduccke ccesme'' on the cover, trans. ''The Concert at Hajdučka česma'') is the first live album by Yugoslav rock band Bijelo Dugme, released in 1977. The album's title refers to the ba ...
'' (polled No. 74). The list of 100 greatest Yugoslav album, published by Croatian edition of '' Rolling Stone'' in 2015, features three Bijelo Dugme albums, ''Bitanga i princeza'' (ranked No. 15), ''Eto! Baš hoću!'' (ranked No. 36) and ''Šta bi dao da si na mom mjestu'' (ranked No. 42). In 1987, in ''YU legende uživo'' (''YU Legends Live''), a special publication by ''
Rock Rock most often refers to: * Rock (geology), a naturally occurring solid aggregate of minerals or mineraloids * Rock music, a genre of popular music Rock or Rocks may also refer to: Places United Kingdom * Rock, Caerphilly, a location in Wales ...
'' magazine, '' 5. april '81'' was pronounced one of 12 best Yugoslav live albums. The Rock Express Top 100 Yugoslav Rock Songs of All Times list features eight songs by Bijelo Dugme: "Lipe cvatu" (polled No.10), "Bitanga i princeza" (polled No.14), "Sve će to, mila moja, prekriti ruzmarin, snjegovi i šaš" (polled No.17), "Sanjao sam noćas da te nemam" (polled No.31), "Ima neka tajna veza" (No.38), "Šta bi dao da si na mom mjestu" (polled No.68), "Za Esmu" ("For Esma", polled No.78) and "Kad bi' bio bijelo dugme" (polled No.97). The B92 Top 100 Yugoslav songs list features three songs by Bijelo Dugme: "Sve će to, mila moja, prekriti ruzmarin, snjegovi i šaš" (polled No. 14), "Loše vino" (polled No. 32) and "Ako možeš zaboravi (polled No. 51). The lyrics of 10 songs by the band (8 written by Bregović and 2 witten by Trifunović) were featured in Petar Janjatović's book '' Pesme bratstva, detinjstva & potomstva: Antologija ex YU rok poezije 1967 - 2007'' (''Songs of Brotherhood, Childhood & Offspring: Anthology of Ex YU Rock Poetry 1967 – 2007''). In 2016, Serbian weekly news magazine ''
Nedeljnik ''Nedeljnik'' (Serbian Cyrillic: Недељник) is a weekly news magazine published in Belgrade, Serbia. Since October 2012 ''Nedeljnik'' has been published by an independent group of journalists, who are also the magazine's founders. Profi ...
'' pronounced Goran Bregović one of 100 People Who Changed Serbia. In 2017, the same magazine pronounced Bijelo Dugme's concert at Hadjučka česma one of 100 Events that Changed Serbia.


Members

Past members *
Goran Bregović Goran Bregović (born 22 March 1950) is a recording artist from Bosnia and Herzegovina. He is one of the most internationally known modern musicians and composers of the Slavic-speaking countries in the Balkans, and is one of the few former Yug ...
– guitar (1974–1989, 2005) *
Željko Bebek Želimir "Željko" Bebek (born 16 December 1945) is a Bosnian and Croatian vocalist and musician most notable for being the lead singer of former Yugoslav rock band Bijelo Dugme from 1974 to 1984. He also has a successful career as a solo artis ...
– vocals (1974–1984, 2005), bass guitar (1976–1977 ''(studio only)'') *
Mladen Vojičić Tifa Mladen Vojičić (; born 17 October 1960), known professionally by his nickname/stagename Tifa (), is a Bosnian rock vocalist. He gained acclaim throughout former Yugoslavia for his brief stint as the lead singer of Bijelo Dugme in the mid-1980s ...
– vocals (1984–1985, 2005) *
Alen Islamović Alija "Alen" Islamović (; born 17 August 1957) is a Bosnian rock vocalist. He is best known as the lead singer of Bosnian and Yugoslav rock bands Divlje jagode from 1979 to 1986 and Bijelo Dugme from 1986 to 1989. Born Alija Islamović in Bih ...
– vocals (1986–1989, 2005) *Jadranko Stanković – bass guitar (1974) *
Zoran Redžić Zoran Redžić (born 29 January 1948) is a Bosnian musician, best known for playing the bass guitar in the popular Yugoslav rock band Bijelo Dugme. Born in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Yugoslavia, he is a younger brother of another Bosnian ...
– bass guitar (1974–1975, 1977–1989, 2005) *
Vlado Pravdić Vladimir "Vlado" Pravdić (born 6 December 1949) is a Bosnian musician most famous as the organist of the Yugoslav rock group Bijelo dugme from 1974 to 1976 and again from 1978 to 1987. Born in Sarajevo, PR Bosnia-Herzegovina, FPR Yugoslavia as ...
– keyboards (1974–1976, 1978–1989, 2005) *
Laza Ristovski Lazar "Laza" Ristovski (Serbian Cyrillic: Лаза Ристовски, ; 23 January 1956 – 6 October 2007) was a Serbian and former Yugoslav keyboardist, known for being a member of rock bands Smak and Bijelo Dugme, as well as for his eclect ...
– keyboards (1976–1978, 1984–1989, 2005) * Goran "Ipe" Ivandić – drums (1974–1976, 1977–1978, 1982–1989) * Milić Vukašinović – drums (1976–1977, 2005) *Dragan "Điđi" Jankelić – drums (1978–1982, 2005) Touring musicians *Mustafa "Mute" Kurtalić – bass guitar (1975) *Ljubiša Racić – bass guitar (1975–1977) *Sanin Karić – bass guitar (1977) *Garabet Tavitjan – drums (1982) Timeline


Discography

Studio albums *'' Kad bi' bio bijelo dugme'' (1974) *'' Šta bi dao da si na mom mjestu'' (1975) *'' Eto! Baš hoću!'' (1976) *'' Bitanga i princeza'' (1979) *'' Doživjeti stotu'' (1980) *'' Uspavanka za Radmilu M.'' (1983) *'' Bijelo Dugme'' (1984) *'' Pljuni i zapjevaj moja Jugoslavijo'' (1986) *''
Ćiribiribela ''Ćiribiribela'' is the ninth and final studio album released by Yugoslav rock band Bijelo Dugme, released in 1988. ''Ćirbiribela'' would be the band's last release (excluding compilation albums) before the band's 2005 reunion and the live album ...
'' (1988) Live albums *''
Koncert kod Hajdučke česme ''Koncert kod Hajdučke česme'' (styled ''koncert kod hajduccke ccesme'' on the cover, trans. ''The Concert at Hajdučka česma'') is the first live album by Yugoslav rock band Bijelo Dugme, released in 1977. The album's title refers to the ba ...
'' (1977) *'' 5. april '81'' (1981) *'' Mramor, kamen i željezo'' (1987) *'' Turneja 2005: Sarajevo, Zagreb, Beograd'' (2006)


References


External links


Fan site in GermanBijelo Dugme
at Discogs {{Authority control Yugoslav rock music groups Yugoslav hard rock musical groups Yugoslav progressive rock groups Bosnia and Herzegovina progressive rock groups Bosnia and Herzegovina musical groups Bosnia and Herzegovina new wave musical groups Musical groups established in 1974 Musical groups disestablished in 1989 Articles which contain graphical timelines