Becca Levy

Becca R. Levy is a Professor of Epidemiology (Social and Behavioral Sciences) at Yale School of Public Health and Professor of Psychology at Yale University. She is a leading researcher in the fields of social gerontology and psychology of aging. She is credited with creating the field of how age stereotypes, which are assimilated from the culture, impact the health of older individuals.Appleby, J. (2019). From the CEO:  Is ageism the “secondhand smoke” of healthy aging? ''Gerontological News'', ''47(7''), 2. The Dean of Columbia School of Public Health describes Levy as "a pioneer" in the "growing body of impressive research showing that our attitudes toward aging affect our health, our resilience in the face of adversity, and our very survival."

Career

Levy was born in Atlanta, GA. She studied psychology and Near Eastern studies at the University of Michigan, where she received a BA with Highest Distinction. Next she received her MA and PhD in Psychology from Harvard University. She trained as a postdoctoral fellow at Harvard Medical School in the Division on Aging and Department of Social Medicine. Levy then became Assistant Professor at the Yale School of Public Health. She is now Professor and Director of the Laboratory of Psychosocial Determinants of Aging Health at the Yale School of Public Health. She is also a Professor in the Department of Psychology at Yale University.

Levy has created an area of research that focuses on the extent to which the aging process is a product of society.Butler, R. N. (2010). ''The longevity revolution: The benefits and challenges of living a long life''. New York: PublicAffairs. She has examined this in a series of innovative studies that demonstrate culture-based positive and negative age stereotypes of older persons have beneficial and detrimental influences, respectively, on a wide range of health conditions. Her research has demonstrated that several of the adverse health conditions assumed to be solely and inevitably a result of aging are, in fact, influenced by negative age stereotypes.

The studies in which she was first author have found that age stereotypes contribute to (a) physical outcomes, such as longevity,Levy, B., Slade M. D., & Kasl, S. V. (2002). Increased longevity by positive self-perceptions of aging. ''Journal of Personality and Social Psychology'', 83, 261-270. Alzheimer's disease biomarkers, physical function,Levy, B. R., Pilver C., Chung, P. H., & Slade, M. D. (2014). Subliminal strengthening: Improving older individuals' physical function over time with an implicit-age-stereotype intervention. ''Psychological Science, 25,'' 2127-2135. cardiovascular events,13 Levy, B. R., Zonderman, A. B., Slade, M. D., & Ferrucci, L. (2009). Age stereotypes held earlier in life predict cardiovascular events in later life. ''Psychological Science, 20'', 296-8. and delayed physical recovery; (b) mental-health outcomes, such as stress levels, will to live, and psychiatric disorders; (c) risky health behaviors, such as rejecting prescribed medications and obesity; and (d) cognitive outcomes, such as dementia incidence and memory.

Levy's studies also show that positive age stereotypes can benefit the health of older persons. Her finding that positive age beliefs can increase older persons' longevity has become one of the most cited findings about old age. She has also demonstrated that positive age stereotypes can be enhanced and negative age stereotypes can be diminished through interventions.

This body of research has formed the basis for her stereotype embodiment theory (SET), which posits that the age stereotypes of one's culture are internalized from childhood, reinforced throughout the lifespan, eventually become self-relevant, and then influence health in old age through psychological, behavioral, and physiological pathways.Levy, B. (2009). Stereotype embodiment: A psychological approach to aging. ''Current Directions in Psychological Science'', 18, 332-336. According to SET, these stereotypes can operate implicitly. Levy and Mahzarin Banaji are credited with coining the term "implicit ageism".

Levy's research findings about the impact of age stereotypes on older persons' health have been reproduced by scientists in five continents and supported by numerous meta-analyses. Her ground-breaking studies utilize a variety of complementary methodologies, including experimental, longitudinal, and cross-cultural approaches.

Levy has contributed over 130 articles and chapters to psychological, gerontological, and medical journals and books. Her research has been supported by the National Institute on Aging, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Science Foundation, Donaghue Medical Research Foundation, and Brookdale Foundation.

Levy's studies have had a real-world impact on improving the well-being of older persons. She conducted the first study to show the economic impact of ageism on the health of older persons. In that study it was found that the financial cost of ageism on health in one year in the United States was $63 billion. She testified before the U.S. Senate Special Committee on Aging about the harmful impact of ageism in popular media and marketing. Her findings provided the basis for amicus briefs in age-discrimination cases at the U.S. Supreme Court. The American Psychological Association advocated a historic resolution against ageism that used her research as an evidence base, citing 11 of her studies. The practical applications of Levy's research have extended beyond the U.S. For instance, her findings provided the rationale for a World Health Organization Campaign to End Ageism, supported by 194 countries, in which she is a scientific advisor.

Her studies on health and aging has been featured in national media, such as ''The New York Times'', and ''NPR,'' ''CNN Health'', ''The Wall Street Journal'', U''.S. News & World Report'''','' and ''Times Magazine'', as well as international media, such as ''The Guardian'', ''Der Spiegel'', and the ''BBC
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