San Pietro in Vincoli (; Saint Peter in Chains) is a

Roman Catholic Roman or Romans most often refers to: *Rome, the capital city of Italy * Ancient Rome, Roman civilization from 8th century BC to 5th century AD * Roman people, the people of ancient Rome *'' Epistle to the Romans'', shortened to ''Romans'', a let ...

titular church In the Catholic Church, a titular church is a church in Rome that is assigned to a member of the clergy who is created a cardinal. These are Catholic churches in the city, within the jurisdiction of the Diocese of Rome, that serve as honorary des ...

and

minor basilica In the Catholic Church, a basilica is a designation given by the Pope to a church building. Basilicas are distinguished for ceremonial purposes from other churches. The building need not be a basilica in the architectural sense (a rectangular ...

Rome , established_title = Founded , established_date = 753 BC , founder = King Romulus (legendary) , image_map = Map of comune of Rome (metropolitan city of Capital Rome, region Lazio, Italy).svg , map_caption ...

, Italy, best known for being the home of Michelangelo's statue of Moses, part of the

tomb of Pope Julius II The Tomb of Pope Julius II is a sculptural and architectural ensemble by Michelangelo and his assistants, originally commissioned in 1505 but not completed until 1545 on a much reduced scale. Originally intended for St. Peter's Basilica, the str ...

. The '' Titulus S. Petri ad vincula'' was assigned on 20 November 2010, to

Donald Wuerl Donald William Wuerl (born November 12, 1940) is an American prelate, a cardinal, of the Catholic Church. He served as Archbishop of Washington, D.C., from 2006 to 2018. He was elevated by Pope John Paul II to serve as auxiliary bishop of S ...

. The previous

Cardinal Priest A cardinal ( la, Sanctae Romanae Ecclesiae cardinalis, literally 'cardinal of the Holy Roman Church') is a senior member of the clergy of the Catholic Church. Cardinals are created by the ruling pope and typically hold the title for life. Col ...

of the basilica was Pío Laghi, who died on 11 January 2009. Next to the church is hosted the Faculty of Engineering of

La Sapienza The Sapienza University of Rome ( it, Sapienza – Università di Roma), also called simply Sapienza or the University of Rome, and formally the Università degli Studi di Roma "La Sapienza", is a public research university located in Rome, Ita ...

University, in the former associated convent. This is named "San Pietro in Vincoli" ''per

antonomasia In rhetoric, antonomasia is a kind of metonymy in which an epithet or phrase takes the place of a proper name, such as "the little corporal" for Napoleon I; or, conversely, the use of a proper name as an archetypal name, to express a generic idea ...

''. The church is on the Oppian Hill near Cavour metro station, a short distance from the

Colosseum The Colosseum ( ; it, Colosseo ) is an oval amphitheatre in the centre of the city of Rome, Italy, just east of the Roman Forum. It is the largest ancient amphitheatre ever built, and is still the largest standing amphitheatre in the world t ...

History

San Pietro in Vincoli - ceiling, Rome retouched

Also known as the Basilica Eudoxiana ( it, Basilica Eudossiana, it was first rebuilt on older foundations in 432–440 to house the relic of the chains that bound

Saint Peter ) (Simeon, Simon) , birth_date = , birth_place = Bethsaida, Gaulanitis, Syria, Roman Empire , death_date = Between AD 64–68 , death_place = probably Vatican Hill, Rome, Italia, Roman Empire , parents = John (or Jonah; Jona) , occupat ...

when he was imprisoned in

Jerusalem Jerusalem (; he, יְרוּשָׁלַיִם ; ar, القُدس ) (combining the Biblical and common usage Arabic names); grc, Ἱερουσαλήμ/Ἰεροσόλυμα, Hierousalḗm/Hierosóluma; hy, Երուսաղեմ, Erusałēm. i ...

, the episode called "

Liberation of Saint Peter The liberation of the apostle Peter is an event described in the Acts of the Apostles, chapter 12 in which the apostle Peter is rescued from prison by an angel. Although described in a short textual passage, the tale has given rise to theologica ...

". The Empress Eudoxia (wife of Emperor

Valentinian III Valentinian III ( la, Placidus Valentinianus; 2 July 41916 March 455) was Roman emperor in the West from 425 to 455. Made emperor in childhood, his reign over the Roman Empire was one of the longest, but was dominated by powerful generals vying ...

), who received them as a gift from her mother,

Aelia Eudocia Aelia Eudocia Augusta (; grc-gre, Αιλία Ευδοκία Αυγούστα; 401460 AD), also called Saint Eudocia, was an Eastern Roman empress by marriage to Emperor Theodosius II (r. 408–450), and a prominent Greek historical figure in ...

, presented the chains to

Pope Leo I Pope Leo I ( 400 – 10 November 461), also known as Leo the Great, was bishop of Rome from 29 September 440 until his death. Pope Benedict XVI said that Leo's papacy "was undoubtedly one of the most important in the Church's history." Leo was ...

. Aelia Eudocia had received these chains as a gift from Iuvenalis, bishop of Jerusalem. According to legend, when Leo compared them to the chains of St. Peter's final imprisonment in the

Mamertine Prison The Mamertine Prison ( it, Carcere Mamertino), in antiquity the Tullianum, was a prison (''carcer'') with a dungeon (''oubliette'') located in the Comitium in ancient Rome. It is said to have been built in the 7th century BC and was situated on ...

, in Rome, the two chains miraculously fused together. The chains are now kept in a reliquary under the main altar in the basilica. A chain link outside of Rome is in St Peter's Church, Rutland, Vermont. Numerous churches to saint Peter bear the ''Ad Vincula'' suffix, relating them to the relic, basilica and enchainment of the Roman church-founding saint. The basilica, consecrated in 439 by

Sixtus III Pope Sixtus III was the bishop of Rome from 31 July 432 to his death on 18 August 440. His ascension to the papacy is associated with a period of increased construction in the city of Rome. His feast day is celebrated by Catholics on 28 March. ...

, has undergone several restorations, among them a restoration by

Pope Adrian I Pope Adrian I ( la, Hadrianus I; died 25 December 795) was the bishop of Rome and ruler of the Papal States from 1 February 772 to his death. He was the son of Theodore, a Roman nobleman. Adrian and his predecessors had to contend with periodic ...

, and further work in the eleventh century. From 1471 to 1503, in which year he was elected

Pope Julius II Pope Julius II ( la, Iulius II; it, Giulio II; born Giuliano della Rovere; 5 December 144321 February 1513) was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 1503 to his death in February 1513. Nicknamed the Warrior Pope or th ...

, Cardinal Della Rovere, the nephew of Pope Sixtus IV, effected notable rebuilding. The front portico, attributed to

Baccio Pontelli Baccio Pontelli (c. 1450 – 1492) was an Italian architect, who designed the Sistine Chapel in The Vatican City. Baccio is an abbreviation of Bartolomeo. Pontelli was born in Florence. Passing the phase of artistic formation with Giuliano and ...

, was added in 1475. The

cloister A cloister (from Latin ''claustrum'', "enclosure") is a covered walk, open gallery, or open arcade running along the walls of buildings and forming a quadrangle or garth. The attachment of a cloister to a cathedral or church, commonly against a ...

(1493–1503) has been attributed to

Giuliano da Sangallo Giuliano da Sangallo (c. 1445 – 1516) was an Italian sculptor, architect and military engineer active during the Italian Renaissance. He is known primarily for being the favored architect of Lorenzo de' Medici, his patron. In this role, Giulia ...

. Further work was done at the beginning of the 18th century, under Francesco Fontana, and another renovation in 1875.

Interior

The interior has a

nave The nave () is the central part of a church, stretching from the (normally western) main entrance or rear wall, to the transepts, or in a church without transepts, to the chancel. When a church contains side aisles, as in a basilica-type ...

and two aisles, with three

apse In architecture, an apse (plural apses; from Latin 'arch, vault' from Ancient Greek 'arch'; sometimes written apsis, plural apsides) is a semicircular recess covered with a hemispherical vault or semi-dome, also known as an '' exedra''. ...

s divided by antique Doric columns. The aisles are surmounted by cross-vaults, while the nave has an 18th-century

coffer A coffer (or coffering) in architecture is a series of sunken panels in the shape of a square, rectangle, or octagon in a ceiling, soffit or vault. A series of these sunken panels was often used as decoration for a ceiling or a vault, also ...

ed ceiling, frescoed in the center by

Giovanni Battista Parodi Giovanni Battista Parodi (1674–1730) was an Italian painter, born in Genoa. He belonged to an Italian family of artists. His father was the sculptor and wood-carver Filippo Parodi (1630–1702). His brother was Domenico Parodi (1672–1742), a ...

, portraying the ''Miracle of the Chains'' (1706). In this scene, Pope Alexander heals the neck goiter of

Saint Balbina Balbina of Rome ( la, bahl-BEE-nə), sometimes called Saint Balbina and Balbina the Virgin is venerated as a virgin martyr and saint of the Catholic Church. Legend The story of Balbina is introduced in the legendary Acts of Sts. Alexander and ...

by touching her with the chains that once bound St Peter. 'Moses' by Michelangelo JBU140

Michelangelo's ''Moses'' (completed in 1515), while originally intended as part of a massive 47-statue, free-standing funeral monument for

, became the centerpiece of the Pope's funeral monument and tomb in this, the church of

della Rovere family The House of Della Rovere (; literally "of the oak tree") was a noble family of Italy. It had humble origins in Savona, in Liguria, and acquired power and influence through nepotism and ambitious marriages arranged by two Della Rovere popes: Fra ...

. Moses is depicted with horns, connoting "the radiance of the Lord", due to the similarity in the Hebrew words for "beams of light" and "horns". This kind of iconographic symbolism was common in early sacred art, and for an artist horns are easier to sculpt than rays of light. Other works of art include two canvases of ''Saint Augustine'' and ''St. Margaret'' by

Guercino Giovanni Francesco Barbieri (February 8, 1591 – December 22, 1666),Miller, 1964 better known as Guercino, or il Guercino , was an Italian Baroque painter and draftsman from Cento in the Emilia region, who was active in Rome and Bologna. The vi ...

, the monument of Cardinal Girolamo Agucchi designed by

Domenichino Domenico Zampieri (, ; October 21, 1581 – April 6, 1641), known by the diminutive Domenichino (, ) after his shortness, was an Italian Baroque painter of the Bolognese School of painters. Life Domenichino was born in Bologna, son of a sho ...

, who is also the painter of a sacristy fresco depicting the ''Liberation of St. Peter'' (1604). The altarpiece on the first chapel to the left is a '' Deposition'' by Cristoforo Roncalli. The tomb of Cardinal

Nicholas of Kues Nicholas of Cusa (1401 – 11 August 1464), also referred to as Nicholas of Kues and Nicolaus Cusanus (), was a German Catholic cardinal, philosopher, theologian, jurist, mathematician, and astronomer. One of the first German proponents of Renai ...

(d 1464), with its

relief Relief is a sculptural method in which the sculpted pieces are bonded to a solid background of the same material. The term '' relief'' is from the Latin verb ''relevo'', to raise. To create a sculpture in relief is to give the impression that th ...

, ''Cardinal Nicholas before St Peter'', is by

Andrea Bregno Andrea di Cristoforo Bregno (1418–1506) was an Italian Renaissance sculptor and architect of the Early Renaissance who worked in Rome from the 1460s and died just as the High Renaissance was getting under way. Early life He was born in Oste ...

. Painter and sculptor

Antonio del Pollaiuolo Antonio del Pollaiuolo ( , , ; 17 January 1429/14334 February 1498), also known as Antonio di Jacopo Pollaiuolo or Antonio Pollaiuolo (also spelled Pollaiolo), was an Italian painter, sculptor, engraver, and goldsmith during the Italian Rena ...

is buried at the left side of the entrance. He is the Florentine sculptor who added the figures of Romulus and Remus to the sculpture of the Capitoline Wolf on the Capitol. The tomb monument of Cardinal

Cinzio Aldobrandini Cinzio Aldobrandini (1551 – 1 January 1610) was an Italian cardinal. Name In some documents he is known as Cinzio Personeni Aldobrandini or Cinzio Passeri Aldobrandini because, after settling in Romagna, the family varied its name according to ...

was erected 1705–07 by prince Giovanni Battista Pamphili Aldobrandini to a design by his architect

Carlo Francesco Bizzaccheri Carlo Francesco Bizzaccheri (13 April 1655 Rome - 11 February 1721 Rome) was an Italian architect. He worked in a Baroque and early Rococo style.Nina A. Mallory, ''Carlo Francesco Bizzacheri (1655-1721)'', in: Journal of the Society of Architectur ...

and with the sculptures of

putti A putto (; plural putti ) is a figure in a work of art depicted as a chubby male child, usually naked and sometimes winged. Originally limited to profane passions in symbolism,Dempsey, Charles. ''Inventing the Renaissance Putto''. University of ...

and a winged skeleton by

Pierre Le Gros the Younger Pierre Le Gros (12 April 1666 Paris – 3 May 1719 Rome) was a French sculptor, active almost exclusively in Baroque Rome where he was the pre-eminent sculptor for nearly two decades.Gerhard Bissell, ''Pierre le Gros, 1666–1719'', Reading ...

. In 1876 archeologists discovered the tombs of those once believed to be the seven Maccabean martyrs depicted in 2 Maccabees 7–41. It is highly unlikely that these are in fact the Jewish martyrs that had offered their lives in Jerusalem. They are remembered each year on 1 August, the same day as the miracle of the fusing of the two chains. The third altar in the left aisle holds a mosaic of

Saint Sebastian Saint Sebastian (in Latin: ''Sebastianus''; Narbo, Gallia Narbonensis, Roman Empire c. AD 255 – Rome, Italia, Roman Empire c. AD 288) was an early Christian saint and martyr. According to traditional belief, he was killed during the Diocle ...

from the seventh century. This mosaic is related to an outbreak of plague in

Pavia Pavia (, , , ; la, Ticinum; Medieval Latin: ) is a town and comune of south-western Lombardy in northern Italy, south of Milan on the lower Ticino river near its confluence with the Po. It has a population of c. 73,086. The city was the cap ...

, in northern Italy. The relics of Sebastian were taken there in order to stop a 680 outbreak of plague, since Sebastian was believed to have been born in Lombardy, and an altar was constructed for his relics at a San Pietro in Vincoli in Pavia. As a symbol of the subsequently reinforced relationship between Pavia and Rome, an identical altar to Sebastian was built at the Roman church of the same name, resulting in a parallel cult for the saint in both regions.

Gallery

File:'Moses' by Michelangelo JBU010.jpg, Michelangelo's tomb for Julius II File:Roma san pietro in vincoli catene.jpg, Reliquary containing the chains of St Peter File:Sanpietroinvincoli.jpg, Frescos by Giacomo Coppi (1577) in the raised tribune File:San Pietro in Vincoli - Tomba del Card. Cinzio Passeri Aldobrandini 1.jpg, Tomb of Cardinal Cinzio Aldobrandini by Bizzaccheri and Le Gros File:S. Pietro in Vincoli 017.JPG, Mosaic of St. Sebastian File:S. Pietro in Vincoli 021.JPG, Tomb with relief "Cardinal Nicholas before St Peter" by

List of Cardinal-Priests since 1405

List of the cardinals titular of the church :... * Deusdedit (c. 1078 – c. 1098) * Albericus (attested 1100) *

Benedictus Benedictus may refer to: Music * Benedictus (Song of Zechariah), ''Benedictus'' (''Song of Zechariah''), the canticle sung at Lauds, also called the Canticle of Zachary * The second part of the Sanctus, part of the Eucharistic prayer * Benedictus ...

(c. 1102 – c. 1127) * Matthaeus (c. 1127 – c. 1137) * Comes (1138 – 1139) * Guillelmus of Pavia (1158 – 1176) Zenker, pp. 118–123. :... * Antonio Arcioni (12 June 1405 – 21 July 1405) * Antonio Correr (9 May 1408 – 9 May 1409) * João Afonso Esteves da Azambuja (6 June 1411 – 23 January 1415) *

Juan de Cervantes Juan de Cervantes (c. 1380 or 1382 in Seville, Spain – 25 November 1453, buried in Seville Cathedral) was a Cardinal of the Catholic Church. Cervantes studied at the University of Salamanca and obtained a doctorate in civil and canon law ...

(27 May 1426 – 27 March 1447) *

Nicholas of Cusa Nicholas of Cusa (1401 – 11 August 1464), also referred to as Nicholas of Kues and Nicolaus Cusanus (), was a German Catholic cardinal, philosopher, theologian, jurist, mathematician, and astronomer. One of the first German proponents of Re ...

(3 January 1449 – 12 August 1464) *

Francesco della Rovere Pope Sixtus IV ( it, Sisto IV: 21 July 1414 – 12 August 1484), born Francesco della Rovere, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 9 August 1471 to his death in August 1484. His accomplishments as pope include ...

(20 November 1467 – 10 August 1471) *

Giuliano della Rovere Pope Julius II ( la, Iulius II; it, Giulio II; born Giuliano della Rovere; 5 December 144321 February 1513) was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 1503 to his death in February 1513. Nicknamed the Warrior Pope or the ...

(22 December 1471 – 1 November 1503) * Galeotto Franciotti della Rovere (6 December 1503 – 11 September 1507) * Sisto Gara della Rovere (11 September 1507 – 8 March 1517) * Leonardo Grosso della Rovere (9 March 1517 – 17 September 1520) *

Silvio Passerini Silvio Passerini (1469 – 20 April 1529) was an Italian cardinal. Biography Born in Cortona, Passerini was taken under the wing of the powerful Florentine Medici family, after his father, Rosado, was imprisoned for too openly supporting the Medi ...

(17 September 1520 – 5 January 1521) * Albrecht von Brandenburg (5 January 1521 – 24 September 1545) *

Jacopo Sadoleto Jacopo Sadoleto (July 12, 1477 – October 18, 1547) was an Italian Roman Catholic cardinal and counterreformer noted for his correspondence with and opposition to John Calvin. Life He was born at Modena in 1477, the son of a noted jurist, he a ...

(27 November 1545 – 18 October 1547) *

Jean du Bellay Jean du Bellay (1492 – 16 February 1560) was a French diplomat and cardinal, a younger brother of Guillaume du Bellay, and cousin and patron of the poet Joachim du Bellay. He was bishop of Bayonne by 1526, member of the ''Conseil privé'' ( ...

(26 October 1547 – 9 April 1548) *

Giulio della Rovere Giulio della Rovere, also known as Giulio Feltrio della Rovere (5 April 1533 – 3 September 1578) was an Italian Cardinal of the Catholic Church and a member of the della Rovere family. Della Rovere was the second son of Francesco Maria I dell ...

(9 April 1548 – 12 April 1570) *

Antoine Perrenot de Granvella Antoine Perrenot de Granvelle (20 August 151721 September 1586), Comte de La Baume Saint Amour, was a Bisontin (Free Imperial City of Besançon) statesman, made a cardinal, who followed his father as a leading minister of the Spanish Habsbur ...

(9 June 1570 – 9 July 1578) *

Giovanni Antonio Serbelloni Giovanni Antonio Serbelloni (also known as Gian Antonio, Gianantonio; 1519–1591) was an Italian Cardinal. Life Giovanni Antonio Serbelloni was born in Milan in 1519 to a prominent family. He was brother of Gabrio (condottiero and general) and G ...

(12 April 1570 – 9 June 1570) * Markus Sitticus von Hohenems Altemps (3 October 1578 – 17 August 1579) *

Stanislaus Hosius Stanislaus Hosius ( pl, Stanisław Hozjusz; 5 May 1504 – 5 August 1579) was a Polish Roman Catholic cardinal. From 1551 he was the Prince-Bishop of the Bishopric of Warmia in Royal Prussia and from 1558 he served as the papal legate to the H ...

(9 July 1578 – 3 October 1578) * Alfonso Gesualdo (17 August 1579 – 5 December 1580) * Marco Antonio Colonna (5 December 1580 – 13 October 1586) * Girolamo della Rovere (14 January 1587 – 7 February 1592) * Alessandro Ottaviano de' Medici (14 February 1592 – 21 February 1600) *

François de Joyeuse François de Joyeuse (24 June 1562 – 23 August 1615) was a French churchman and politician. Biography Born at Carcassonne, François de Joyeuse was the second son of Guillaume de Joyeuse and Marie Eléanor de Batarnay. As the younger son of a ...

(27 April 1594 – 24 March 1604) * Girolamo Agucchi (25 June 1604 – 27 April 1605) *

Cinzio Passeri Aldobrandini Cinzio Aldobrandini (1551 – 1 January 1610) was an Italian cardinal. Name In some documents he is known as Cinzio Personeni Aldobrandini or Cinzio Passeri Aldobrandini because, after settling in Romagna, the family varied its name according to ...

(1 June 1605 – 1 January 1610) * Lanfranco Margotti (11 January 1610 – 28 February 1611) *

Bartolomeo Cesi Bartolomeo Cesi (; 16 August 1556 – 11 July 1629) was an Italian painter and draftsman of the Bolognese School.Andrea Bayer. "Cesi, Bartolomeo" Grove Art Online. Oxford Art Online. Oxford University Press. Web. 7 November 2020 He made ea ...

(5 December 1611 – 7 January 1613) *

Bonifazio Bevilacqua Aldobrandini Bonifazio Bevilacqua Aldobrandini (1571 – 7 April 1627) was an Italian Cardinal. He was the uncle of Pope Gregory XIV. Biography In 1601, Pope Clement VIII associated Count Luigi Bevilacqua and his two brothers, Conte Bonifazio IV (1571–1627 ...

(7 January 1613 – 29 March 1621) * Michelangelo Tonti (13 October 1621 – 21 April 1622) * François d'Escoubleau de Sourdis (29 March 1621 – 13 October 1621) * Luigi Capponi (2 May 1622 – 20 August 1629) * Laudivio Zacchia (17 September 1629 – 30 August 1637) *

Antonio Barberini Antonio Barberini (5 August 1607 – 3 August 1671) was an Italian Catholic cardinal, Archbishop of Reims, military leader, patron of the arts and a prominent member of the House of Barberini. As one of the cardinal-nephews of Pope Urban VIII ...

(7 September 1637 – 26 May 1642) * Bernardino Spada (22 May 1642 – 19 February 1646) * Marzio Ginetti (19 February 1646 – 23 September 1652) *

Giovanni Battista Maria Pallotta Giovanni Battista Maria Pallotta (also Palotta or Palotto) (23 January, 1594 – 22 January, 1668) was an Italian Catholic Cardinal. Early life Pallotta was born in 1594 in Caldarola to a well respected family. He was the nephew of Cardinal Gio ...

(23 September 1652 – 21 April 1659) *

Ulderico Carpegna Ulderico Carpegna (24 June 1595 – 24 January 1679) was an Italian jurist and Cardinal. Biography Born at Scavolino, he was from a family of the Roman nobility, connected with the Montefeltro family. He became bishop of Gubbio

(21 April 1659 – 21 November 1661) *

Alderano Cybo Alderano Cybo (sometimes Alderano Cibo or Alderano Cybo-Malaspina) (16 July 1613 – 22 July 1700) was an Italian Catholic Cardinal. He served as the Secretary of State of Pope Innocent XI. Early life Cybo was born 16 July 1613 in Genoa, the f ...

(21 November 1661 – 24 May 1676) * Emmanuel Théodose de la Tour d'Auvergne de Bouillon (19 October 1676 – 19 October 1689) * Savo Millini (12 December 1689 – 10 February 1701) * Pierre de Bonzi (19 October 1689 – 28 November 1689) * Marcello Durazzo (21 February 1701 – 27 April 1710) * Fulvio Astalli (7 May 1710 – 16 April 1714) * Ferdinando d'Adda (16 April 1714 – 21 January 1715) * Lorenzo Casoni (21 January 1715 – 19 November 1720) * Lorenzo Corsini (16 December 1720 – 19 November 1725) * Gianantonio Davia (19 November 1725 – 11 February 1737) * Vincenzo Petra (11 February 1737 – 16 September 1740) * Francesco Antonio Finy (16 September 1740 – 11 March 1743) * Nicolò Maria Lercari (11 March 1743 – 21 March 1757) * Antonio Andrea Galli (23 May 1757 – 24 March 1767) * Gaetano Fantuzzi Gottifredi (6 April 1767 – 1 October 1778) * Lazzaro Opizio Pallavicino (14 December 1778 – 23 February 1785) * Giuseppe Doria Pamphili (11 April 1785 – 20 September 1802) * Girolamo Della Porta (20 September 1802 – 5 September 1812) * Tommaso Arezzo (29 April 1816 – 29 May 1820) * Paolo Giuseppe Solaro (24 November 1823 – 9 September 1824) * Joachim-Jean-Xavier d’Isoard (17 September 1827 – 15 April 1833) *

Castruccio Castracane degli Antelminelli Castruccio Castracane degli Antelminelli (Urbino, 21 September 1779 – Rome, 22 February 1852) was an Italian people, Italian clergyman, who was made a Cardinal (Catholicism), cardinal by Pope Gregory XVI in the Papal consistory, consistory of 1 ...

(29 July 1833 – 22 January 1844) *

Niccola Paracciani Clarelli Niccola Paracciani Clarelli (12 April 1799 – 7 July 1872) was a Catholic Cardinal and was Arch-Priest of St. Peter's Basilica at the Vatican. He was also Camerlengo of the Sacred College of Cardinals, Prefect of the Congregation for Bishops ...

(25 January 1844 – 22 February 1867) * Luis de la Lastra y Cuesta (12 July 1867 – 5 May 1876) * Giovanni Simeoni (18 December 1876 – 14 January 1892) *

Ignatius Persico Ignazio Camillo Guglielmo Maria Pietro Persico (30 January 1823, Naples – 7 December 1895) was an Italian Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church who served multiple assignments including as Vicar Apostolic, bishop, Apostolic delegate to Ire ...

(19 January 1893 – 7 December 1895) * Adolphe Perraud (25 June 1896 – 10 February 1906) *

Désiré-Joseph Mercier Désiré Félicien François Joseph Mercier (21 November 1851 – 23 January 1926) was a Belgian cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church and a noted scholar. A Thomist scholar, he had several of his works translated into other European languages. H ...

(18 April 1907 – 23 January 1926) * Luigi Capotosti (24 June 1926 – 16 February 1938) *

Teodósio de Gouveia Theodósio Clemente de Gouveia GCC GCIH (13 May 1889 - 6 February 1962) was a Portuguese Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church, who served as Archbishop of Lourenço Marques in Mozambique from 1940 until his death, and was elevated to the ca ...

(22 February 1946 – 6 February 1962) *

Leo Joseph Suenens Leo Jozef Suenens ( ) (16 July 1904 – 6 May 1996) was a Belgian prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as Archbishop of Mechelen-Brussels from 1961 to 1979, and was elevated to the cardinalate in 1962. Suenens was a leading voice at ...

(22 March 1962 – 6 May 1996) * Jean Marie Balland (21 February 1998 – 1 March 1998) *

Louis-Marie Billé Louis-Marie Billé (18 February 1938 – 12 March 2002) was a French clergyman, archbishop of Lyon from 6 September 1998 and a cardinal until his death in office. Life Louis Marie Billé studied Catholic Theology and Philosophy in Luçon ...

(21 February 2001 – 22 July 2001) * Pio Laghi (26 February 2002 – 10 January 2009) *

(20 November 2010 – present)

References

Bibliography

*Federico Gizzi, ''Le chiese medievali di Roma'', Newton Compton/Rome, 1998.

External links

* {{DEFAULTSORT:San Pietro in Vincoli Pietro in Vincoli Sites of papal elections Pietro in Vincoli 5th-century churches Burial places of popes Renaissance architecture in Rome Pietro in Vincoli