Bartosz Paprocki (also ''Bartholomeus Paprocky'' or ''Bartholomew Paprocki'', pl, Bartłomiej (Bartosz) Paprocki, cs, Bartoloměj Paprocký z Hlahol a Paprocké Vůle; ca. 1540/43 in Paprocka Wola near Sierpc – 27 December 1614 in

Lviv Lviv ( uk, Львів) is the largest city in Western Ukraine, western Ukraine, and the List of cities in Ukraine, seventh-largest in Ukraine, with a population of . It serves as the administrative centre of Lviv Oblast and Lviv Raion, and is o ...

, Poland, today Ukraine) was a Polish and Czech writer, historiographer, translator, poet,

heraldist Heraldry is a discipline relating to the design, display and study of armorial bearings (known as armory), as well as related disciplines, such as vexillology, together with the study of ceremony, rank and pedigree. Armory, the best-known branch ...

and pioneer in Polish and Bohemian-Czech

genealogy Genealogy () is the study of families, family history, and the tracing of their lineages. Genealogists use oral interviews, historical records, genetic analysis, and other records to obtain information about a family and to demonstrate kin ...

(often referred to as the "father of Polish and Bohemian-Czech genealogy"). Among his many historical works, are the famous publications "Gniazdo Cnoty, Zkąd Herby Rycerstwa slawnego Krolestwa Polskiego..." (The Nest of Virtues, whence the coat of arms of the Knights of the Polish Kingdom, Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Ruthenia, Prussia, Mazovia, Samogitia, and other States to the kingdom of the dukes, and lords have their genesis) in 1578 and "Herby rycerstwa polskiego" (Armorials of the Polish knighthood) in 1584. Paprocki was active in Poland until the turn of the sixteenth to seventeenth century when for political reasons he became an

émigré An ''émigré'' () is a person who has emigrated, often with a connotation of political or social self-exile. The word is the past participle of the French ''émigrer'', "to emigrate". French Huguenots Many French Huguenots fled France followin ...

(political

exile Exile is primarily penal expulsion from one's native country, and secondarily expatriation or prolonged absence from one's homeland under either the compulsion of circumstance or the rigors of some high purpose. Usually persons and peoples suf ...

) in

Moravia Moravia ( , also , ; cs, Morava ; german: link=yes, Mähren ; pl, Morawy ; szl, Morawa; la, Moravia) is a historical region in the east of the Czech Republic and one of three historical Czech lands, with Bohemia and Czech Silesia. The ...

and

Bohemia Bohemia ( ; cs, Čechy ; ; hsb, Čěska; szl, Czechy) is the westernmost and largest historical region of the Czech Republic. Bohemia can also refer to a wider area consisting of the historical Lands of the Bohemian Crown ruled by the Bohem ...

. He is also founder of the Polish village of Bartoszowiny in Świętokrzyskie Province.

Biography

Paprocki was born in the parish of Paprocka Wola near Sierpc,

Poland Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It is divided into 16 administrative provinces called voivodeships, covering an area of . Poland has a population of over 38 million and is the fifth-most populou ...

. He was the son of Jędrzej Paprocki and Elżbiety (Elżbieta) Jeżewska. Born into a noble family, Paprocki's family were members of the

Polish nobility The ''szlachta'' (Polish: endonym, Lithuanian: šlėkta) were the noble estate of the realm in the Kingdom of Poland, the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth who, as a class, had the dominating position in ...

, who bore the '' Jastrzębiec'' Polish coat of arms. Paprocki studied at the

Jagiellonian University The Jagiellonian University ( Polish: ''Uniwersytet Jagielloński'', UJ) is a public research university in Kraków, Poland. Founded in 1364 by King Casimir III the Great, it is the oldest university in Poland and the 13th oldest university in ...

in Krakow, then stayed with wealthy relatives, among others. He began writing poems and soon after dedicated himself to

historiography Historiography is the study of the methods of historians in developing history as an academic discipline, and by extension is any body of historical work on a particular subject. The historiography of a specific topic covers how historians h ...

and

heraldry Heraldry is a discipline relating to the design, display and study of armorial bearings (known as armory), as well as related disciplines, such as vexillology, together with the study of ceremony, rank and pedigree. Armory, the best-known bran ...

. His works devoted to the

nobility Nobility is a social class found in many societies that have an aristocracy. It is normally ranked immediately below royalty. Nobility has often been an estate of the realm with many exclusive functions and characteristics. The character ...

of the

Polish Crown The Crown of the Kingdom of Poland ( pl, Korona Królestwa Polskiego; Latin: ''Corona Regni Poloniae''), known also as the Polish Crown, is the common name for the historic Late Middle Ages territorial possessions of the King of Poland, incl ...

"Gniazdo Cnoty" (1578) and "Herby rycerstwa polskiego" (1584) deepened and contributed to consolidating the knowledge of the genealogy of Poland's noble families. In 1584,

Bolesław I the Brave Bolesław I the Brave ; cs, Boleslav Chrabrý; la, Boleslaus I rex Poloniae (17 June 1025), less often known as Bolesław the Great, was Duke of Poland from 992 to 1025, and the first King of Poland in 1025. He was also Duke of Bohemia betwe ...

was first mentioned in a book by Paprocki. Paprocki married Jadwiga Kossobudzka, his wife was the daughter of a

castellan A castellan is the title used in Medieval Europe for an appointed official, a governor of a castle and its surrounding territory referred to as the castellany. The title of ''governor'' is retained in the English prison system, as a remnant ...

from Sierpc and widow of her former husband named Wisniowski. Paprocki's wife was a wealthy woman and older than Paprocki. They had no children and his

marriage Marriage, also called matrimony or wedlock, is a culturally and often legally recognized union between people called spouses. It establishes rights and obligations between them, as well as between them and their children, and between ...

was unfortunate; Paprocki was tyrannized by his wife. Paprocki's unfortunate marital experience, led him to flee his home, where he remained a fierce

misogynist Misogyny () is hatred of, contempt for, or prejudice against women. It is a form of sexism that is used to keep women at a lower social status than men, thus maintaining the societal roles of patriarchy. Misogyny has been widely practiced f ...

until his death. Summoned to

Warsaw Warsaw ( pl, Warszawa, ), officially the Capital City of Warsaw,, abbreviation: ''m.st. Warszawa'' is the capital and largest city of Poland. The metropolis stands on the River Vistula in east-central Poland, and its population is officiall ...

, Paprocki worked in the court of Andrzej Taranowski, who was secretary to king

Sigismund II Augustus Sigismund II Augustus ( pl, Zygmunt II August, lt, Žygimantas Augustas; 1 August 1520 – 7 July 1572) was King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania, the son of Sigismund I the Old, whom Sigismund II succeeded in 1548. He was the first ruler ...

and Polish

ambassador An ambassador is an official envoy, especially a high-ranking diplomat who represents a state and is usually accredited to another sovereign state or to an international organization as the resident representative of their own government or s ...

to the court of Sultan Selim II in

Constantinople la, Constantinopolis ota, قسطنطينيه , alternate_name = Byzantion (earlier Greek name), Nova Roma ("New Rome"), Miklagard/Miklagarth (Old Norse), Tsargrad ( Slavic), Qustantiniya (Arabic), Basileuousa ("Queen of Cities"), Megalopolis (" ...

(

Istanbul ) , postal_code_type = Postal code , postal_code = 34000 to 34990 , area_code = +90 212 (European side) +90 216 (Asian side) , registration_plate = 34 , blank_name_sec2 = GeoTLD , blank_i ...

). On returning home, Paprocki learned of his wife's death, which occurred in 1572. On his return he also received the dignity of

cup-bearer A cup-bearer was historically an officer of high rank in royal courts, whose duty was to pour and serve the drinks at the royal table. On account of the constant fear of plots and intrigues (such as poisoning), a person must have been regarded as ...

(Polish ''

Podczaszy Deputy cup-bearer () was since the 13th century a court office in Poland and later in Lithuania. Deputy cup-bearer was the deputy of the cup-bearer, with the time more important than his superior. Since the 14th–16th century an honorable court ...

'') of

Dobrzyń Land Dobrzyń Land ( pl, ziemia dobrzyńska) is a historical region in central-northern Poland. It lies northeast of the Vistula River, south of the Drwęca, and west of the Skrwa. The territory approximately corresponds with the present-day powia ...

, having settled there. Between the years 1570-80 Paprocki aligned with the unfortunate political efforts of the Zborowski family, joined ranks with the Catholic Party and supported the Austrian Habsburg's candidacy of

Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian II (31 July 1527 – 12 October 1576) was Holy Roman Emperor from 1564 until his death in 1576. A member of the Austrian House of Habsburg, he was crowned King of Bohemia in Prague on 14 May 1562 and elected King of Germany (Kin ...

for the Polish throne (

royal election Royal may refer to: People * Royal (name), a list of people with either the surname or given name * A member of a royal family Places United States * Royal, Arkansas, an unincorporated community * Royal, Illinois, a village * Royal, Iowa, ...

). Paprocki supported the

Danzig rebellion The rebellion of the city of Danzig ( Gdańsk) was a revolt from December 1575 to December 1577 of the city against the outcome of the 1576 Polish–Lithuanian royal election. The Polish throne was contested by Stephen Báthory and the Holy Roma ...

, and in 1577 participated in the Siege of Danzig. Following the unsuccessful efforts of

Maximilian III, Archduke of Austria Maximilian III of Austria, briefly known as Maximilian of Poland during his claim for the throne (12 October 1558 – 2 November 1618), was the Archduke of Further Austria from 1612 until his death. Biography Born in Wiener Neustadt, Maximilian ...

for the Polish crown and after the victory of

Sigismund III Vasa Sigismund III Vasa ( pl, Zygmunt III Waza, lt, Žygimantas Vaza; 20 June 1566 – 30 April 1632 N.S.) was King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1587 to 1632 and, as Sigismund, King of Sweden and Grand Duke of Finland from 1592 to ...

in 1588 at the Battle of Byczyna, Paprocki was forced to leave

and went into political

. Paprocki spent 22 years in Moravia and

. He learned the

Czech language Czech (; Czech ), historically also Bohemian (; ''lingua Bohemica'' in Latin), is a West Slavic language of the Czech–Slovak group, written in Latin script. Spoken by over 10 million people, it serves as the official language of the Czech Re ...

and wrote alongside new poems about the history and the coat of arms of Bohemia and Moravia. He also translated the poems of

Jan Kochanowski Jan Kochanowski (; 1530 – 22 August 1584) was a Polish Renaissance poet who established poetic patterns that would become integral to the Polish literary language. He is commonly regarded as the greatest Polish poet before Adam Mickiewicz. ...

. Later he received Bohemian indygenat (nobility citizenship

naturalization Naturalization (or naturalisation) is the legal act or process by which a non-citizen of a country may acquire citizenship or nationality of that country. It may be done automatically by a statute, i.e., without any effort on the part of the in ...

). He was admirer of Michał Sędziwój's (Michael Sendivogius) scientific achievements, whom he dedicated the third part of his book ''"Ogród królewski..."'' published in 1599. In 1610 at the end of his life and stricken religious wars in the

Czech lands The Czech lands or the Bohemian lands ( cs, České země ) are the three historical regions of Bohemia, Moravia, and Czech Silesia. Together the three have formed the Czech part of Czechoslovakia since 1918, the Czech Socialist Republic sin ...

, Paprocki returned to Poland. Destitute he lived in

Wąchock Wąchock is a town in Starachowice County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, Poland, near Starachowice, within the historical region of Lesser Poland. In 2006, it had 2,777 inhabitants. History Wachock received its town charter in 1454, lost it in ...

and Ląd monasteries. Paprocki died suddenly on 27 December 1614 in

, and was buried in a crypt at the

Franciscan , image = FrancescoCoA PioM.svg , image_size = 200px , caption = A cross, Christ's arm and Saint Francis's arm, a universal symbol of the Franciscans , abbreviation = OFM , predecessor = , ...

abbey in the city of Lviv. Paprocki is considered the father of Polish and Bohemian-Czech genealogy and a valuable source of Polish, Moravian and Bohemian-Czech heraldry. He was the author of many historical works, occasional poetry,

satire Satire is a genre of the visual, literary, and performing arts, usually in the form of fiction and less frequently non-fiction, in which vices, follies, abuses, and shortcomings are held up to ridicule, often with the intent of shaming o ...

panegyric A panegyric ( or ) is a formal public speech or written verse, delivered in high praise of a person or thing. The original panegyrics were speeches delivered at public events in ancient Athens. Etymology The word originated as a compound of gr ...

s and pamphlets.

Works

Polish

* ''Dziesiecioro przykazań meżowo'',

Kraków Kraków (), or Cracow, is the second-largest and one of the oldest cities in Poland. Situated on the Vistula, Vistula River in Lesser Poland Voivodeship, the city dates back to the seventh century. Kraków was the official capital of Poland un ...

, 1575 * ''Koło rycerskie w którem rozmaite zwierzęta swe rozmowy wiodą'', Kraków, 1576 (English: ''Knights gathering...'') * ''Panosza to jest wysławianie panów i paniąt ziem ruskich i podolskich'', Kraków, 1575 * ''Historia żalosna o pratkosci i okrutnosci Tatarskiej'', Kraków, 1575 * ''Gniazdo Cnoty, Zkąd Herby Rycerstwa slawnego Krolestwa Polskiego...'', Kraków, 1578 (English: ''The Nest of Virtues, whence the coat of arms of the Knights of the Polish Kingdom, Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Ruthenia, Prussia, Mazovia, Samogitia, and other States to the kingdom of the dukes, and lords have their genesis'') * ''Krótki a prawdziwy wypis z jechania do ziemi Wołoskiej Iwana Wojewody, którego Podkową zowią'', Kraków, 1578 (English: ''Short but True Excerpt in Coming of Iwan Wojewoda into the Land of Wallachia, Whom They Call "Horse Shoe"'') * ''Hetman'', Kraków, 1578 (English: ''Head Commander'') * ''Król'', Kraków, 1578 (English: ''King'') * ''Testament starca jednego, który miał trzech synow'', Kraków, 1578 * ''Historia barzo piekna i zalosna o Ekwanusie Krolu Skockim'', Kraków, 1578 * ''Wesele Bogiń'', Kraków, 1581 (English: ''Wedding Goddess'') * ''Herby rycerstwa polskiego na pięcioro ksiąg rozdzielone'', Kraków, 1584Herby rycerstwa polskiego przez Bartosza Paprockiego zebrane i wydane r. p. 1584; edition: Kazimierza Józefa Turowskiego, 1858, Wielkopolska Digital Library
/ref> (English: ''The heraldic arms of the Polish knighthood in five volumes'') *
Bartosza Paprockiego Dwie broszury polityczne z lat 1587 i 1588
' (English: ''Two of Bartosz Paprocki' political pamphlets from year 1587 and 1588'') * ''Pamięć nierządu'', 1588 * ''Nauka rozmanitych philosophów obieranie żony, Kraków'', 1590 (English: ''The lesson of different philosophers about wife choosing...'') * ''Gwałt na pogany'', 1595 * ''Próba cnót dobrych'', Kraków, kolem 1595 * ''Ogród królewski w którym krótko opisuje historye Cesarzów, Królow Polskich i Czeskich, arcyksiążąt Austryi, książąt Ruskich'', Praha, 1599 (English: ''Royal garden, in Which I Write Briefly About the History of Emperors, Polish and Czech Kings, Austrian Archdukes and Russian Dukes'') * ''Cathalogus arcybiskupów'', Kraków, 1613 * ''Nauka i przestrogi na różne przypadki ludzkie'', Kraków, 1613 (English: ''Lesson and a warning for different human cases...'') * ''Naprawa Rzeczypospoletej'', Kraków, 1895 * ''Upominek'', Kraków, 1900 * ''Odpowiedź'', Kraków, 1910

Czech

* ''Zrcadlo slavného Markrabí moravského'', 1593 (illustrated with woodcuts by Jan Willenberg (1571-1613). The work was originally written in Polish, translated into Czech by the Lutheran pastor Jan Wodiczko) (English: ''Mirror of a Famous Moravian margraviate'') * ''Kvalt na pohany'', 1595 * ''Nová kratochvíle'',

Prague Prague ( ; cs, Praha ; german: Prag, ; la, Praga) is the capital and largest city in the Czech Republic, and the historical capital of Bohemia. On the Vltava river, Prague is home to about 1.3 million people. The city has a temperate ...

, 1579-1600 * ''Ecclesia'', Prague, 1601 * ''Kšaft'', Prague, 1601 * ''Půst tělesný'', Prague, 1601 * ''Třinácte tabulí'', Prague, 1601 * ''Diadochus, tj. posloupnost knížat a králů českých, biskupů a arcibiskupů pražských a všech třech stavů slavného království českého, to jest panského, rytířského a městského'', Prague, 1602 (English: ''Diadochi, i.e. the sequence of Czech Princes and Kings, Bishops and Prague Archbishops and All Three Estates of the Famous Czech Kingdom, the Lords, Knights and Burghers'') * ''O valce Turecké a jiné Přibéhy: vybor z Diadochu'' (English: ''The Turkish war and other narratives: an anthology of the Diadochi'') * ''Obora'', Prague, 1602 * ''Panna, zenitba, zena ve staroceskie uprave polskych skladeb Reje z Naglovic'', Praha, 1602 * ''Historie o příbězích v království uherském'', Prague, 1602 * ''Štambuch slezský'',

Brno Brno ( , ; german: Brünn ) is a city in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic. Located at the confluence of the Svitava and Svratka rivers, Brno has about 380,000 inhabitants, making it the second-largest city in the Czech Republic ...

, 1609 (English: ''

Silesia Silesia (, also , ) is a historical region of Central Europe that lies mostly within Poland, with small parts in the Czech Silesia, Czech Republic and Germany. Its area is approximately , and the population is estimated at around 8,000,000. S ...

n friendship book lba amicorum')

External links

Genealogy of Paprocki family

References