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Baron de Longueuil () is a title of French nobility that was granted originally by
King Louis XIV of France , house = Bourbon , father = Louis XIII , mother = Anne of Austria , birth_date = , birth_place = Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye, Saint-Germain-en-Laye, France , death_date = , death_place = Palace of Vers ...
to a Norman military officer, Charles le Moyne de Longueuil. Its continuing recognition since the cession of Canada by France to Britain is based on the Treaty of Paris (1763), which reserved to those of French descent all rights which they had enjoyed before the cession. The title descends to the heirs general of the first grantee, and as such survives today in the person of Michael Grant, the 12th Baron de Longueuil, a
cognatic Cognatic kinship is a mode of descent calculated from an ancestor counted through any combination of male and female links, or a system of bilateral kinship Bilateral descent is a system of family lineage in which the relatives on the moth ...
descendant of the 1st Baron.


History

The Seigniory of Longueuil was first granted in 1657 to
Charles le Moyne de Longueuil et de Châteauguay Charles le Moyne de Longueuil et de Châteauguay (2 August 1626 – February 1685),: gives dates (1 August 1626; d. at Ville-Marie, 1683) and mentions names/actions of several sons. was a French officer and merchant who was a prominent figur ...
, Sieur de Longueuil, and it was raised to the label of Barony of Longueuil in 1700 by King Louis XIV in recognition of Le Moyne's services. Le Moyne had named the land that was granted to him in 1657 after the French hometown of his mother, Longueil in Normandy. By 1710, the barony had expanded to include land from the Saint Lawrence River to the
Richelieu River The Richelieu River () is a river of Quebec, Canada, and a major right-bank tributary of the St. Lawrence River. It rises at Lake Champlain, from which it flows northward through Quebec and empties into the St. Lawrence. It was formerly ...
, and south along the west bank of the river to the Seigniory of DeLéry. Charles Le Moyne died in Montreal in 1729, and the barony passed to his son, also named Charles Le Moyne (1687–1755), the second baron. His son and the third baron, Charles-Jacques Le Moyne (1724-1756), was reported missing in action in the aftermath of the
Battle of Lake George The Battle of Lake George was fought on 8 September 1755, in the north of the Province of New York. It was part of a campaign by the British to expel the French from North America, in the French and Indian War. On one side were 1,584 French, Can ...
, during the Seven Years' War. His wife Marie-Anne-Catherine Fleury Deschambault refused to acknowledge his death until 1759, and shortly after the battle gave birth to twin girls. She married William Grant in 1770, the son of the Laird of Blairfindy,
Moray Moray () gd, Moireibh or ') is one of the 32 local government council areas of Scotland. It lies in the north-east of the country, with a coastline on the Moray Firth, and borders the council areas of Aberdeenshire and Highland. Between 1975 ...
, Scotland. The barony was to be inherited by her surviving daughter, Marie-Charles-Joseph Le Mote de Longueuil, and Grant arranged a marriage to his nephew,
Captain Captain is a title, an appellative for the commanding officer of a military unit; the supreme leader of a navy ship, merchant ship, aeroplane, spacecraft, or other vessel; or the commander of a port, fire or police department, election precinct, e ...
David Alexander Grant of the British 84th Regiment. The couple were wed in 1781, and their eldest son became the fifth Baron de Longueuil in 1841. At one point, the barony included an area of about , and as the population of the area increased, much of it was sold into
freehold Freehold may refer to: In real estate *Freehold (law), the tenure of property in fee simple * Customary freehold, a form of feudal tenure of land in England * Parson's freehold, where a Church of England rector or vicar of holds title to benefice ...
. When the seigneurial system was abolished in 1854, what had not been sold was
entailed In English common law, fee tail or entail is a form of trust established by deed or settlement which restricts the sale or inheritance of an estate in real property and prevents the property from being sold, devised by will, or otherwise alie ...
. Although dissolved, the Barony of Longueuil continued to receive seigneurial revenues until 1969. After the
conquest of New France Conquest is the act of military subjugation of an enemy by force of arms. Military history provides many examples of conquest: the Roman conquest of Britain, the Mauryan conquest of Afghanistan and of vast areas of the Indian subcontinent, ...
, the descendants of Charles le Moyne maintained that, since Britain had promised to respect the ancient land tenures, it was obliged to recognize Longueuil as a barony. It was not until 1880, however, that a formal request for recognition was made to Queen Victoria. The matter was submitted to the law officers of the crown, who ruled the claim to be well grounded and the rank and title of Charles Colmore Grant, seventh Baron de Longueuil, were formally recognized by royal proclamation, the royal recognition being officially announced as follows: ''The Queen has been graciously pleased to recognize the right of Charles Colmore Grant, Esquire, to the title of Baron de Longueuil, of Longueuil, in the province of Quebec, Canada. This title was conferred on his ancestor, Charles Le Moyne, by letters-patent of nobility signed by King Louis XIV in the year 1700.'' On 10 May 2004, the city of
Longueuil Longueuil () is a city in the province of Quebec, Canada. It is the seat of the Montérégie administrative region and the central city of the urban agglomeration of Longueuil. It sits on the south shore of the Saint Lawrence River directly acr ...
in the province of Quebec was granted arms by the
Canadian Heraldic Authority The Canadian Heraldic Authority (CHA; french: Autorité héraldique du Canada) is part of the Canadian honours system under the Canadian monarch, whose authority is exercised by the Governor General of Canada. The authority is responsible for t ...
based on the arms granted by King Louis XIV in 1668 to the original Charles le Moyne, sieur de Longueuil, in the presence of the
Lieutenant-Governor of Quebec The lieutenant governor of Quebec (; French (masculine): ''Lieutenant-gouverneur du Québec'', or (feminine): ''Lieutenante-gouverneure du Québec'') is the viceregal representative in Quebec of the , who operates distinctly within the provinc ...
and
Raymond Grant, 11th Baron de Longueuil Raymond David Grant, 11th Baron de Longueuil (1924 – 6 October 2004) was a nobleman possessing the only French colonial title to be officially recognized by the British Crown. For much of his life, he was a professional painter residing in Fra ...
.VILLE DE LONGUEUIL
Grant of Arms, Supporters and Flag. May 10, 2004. In 2007, an uninhabited island of the Saint Lawrence River formerly known as ''île Verte'' (between Montreal and
Longueuil Longueuil () is a city in the province of Quebec, Canada. It is the seat of the Montérégie administrative region and the central city of the urban agglomeration of Longueuil. It sits on the south shore of the Saint Lawrence River directly acr ...
) was renamed to '' Îlot de la Baronnie'' in honour of them.


Letters patent

The original letters patent issued by Louis XIV are titled as follows: :''"Erection en baronnie de la seigneurie de Longueuil en faveur de Charles Lemoyne de Longueuil" donné à Versailles, le vingt-sixième du mois de janvier, l'an de grâce mil sept cent, et de notre règne, la cinquante-septième – signé Louis'' :("Elevation to the rank of barony of the seigniory of Longueuil in favour of Charles Lemoyne of Longueuil" given at Versailles, the 26 January, in the year of our Lord seventeen hundred, and the fifty-seventh year of our reign – signed Louis) An extract, providing for the devolution of the title, reads as follows: :''"A ces causes, de notre grâce spéciale, pleine puissance et autorité royalle, nous avons créé, érigé, élevé et décoré, créons, érigeons et décorons par ces présentes signées de notre main, la dite terre et seigneurie de Longueuil, scituée en notre pays de Canada, en titre, nom et dignité de baronnie pour en jouir par le dit Sieur Charles Le Moyne, ses enfants, successeurs, ayant cause, et les descendants d'iceux en légitime mariage, plainement et paisiblement, relevant de nous à cause de nostre couronne..." :("For these reasons, we, of our peculiar grace, absolute power and royal authority, have created, established, exalted and decorated, and do by these presents signed with our hand create, establish and decorate, the said land and seigniory of Longueuil, situate in our country of Canada, with the title, name and dignity of a barony for the enjoyment of the said Sieur Charles Le Moyne, his children and successors according to law, and the descendants of the same born in lawful wedlock, in full and peaceable subjection to us by right of our crown..."


List of Barons de Longueuil

*1700–1729 Charles II le Moyne, 1st Baron de Longueuil *1729–1755 Charles III le Moyne, 2nd Baron de Longueuil *1755-1755 Charles-Jacques le Moyne, 3rd Baron de Longueuil *1755–1841 Marie-Charles le Moyne, 4th Baroness de Longueuil *1841–1848 Charles William Grant, 5th Baron de Longueuil *1848–1879 Charles James Irwin Grant, 6th Baron de Longueuil *1879–1898 Charles Colmore Grant, 7th Baron de Longueuil *1898–1931 Reginald Charles Grant, 8th Baron de Longueuil *1931–1938 John Charles Moore Grant, 9th Baron de Longueuil *1938–1959 Ronald Charles Grant, 10th Baron de Longueuil *1959–2004
Raymond Grant, 11th Baron de Longueuil Raymond David Grant, 11th Baron de Longueuil (1924 – 6 October 2004) was a nobleman possessing the only French colonial title to be officially recognized by the British Crown. For much of his life, he was a professional painter residing in Fra ...
*2004–present Michael Grant, 12th Baron de Longueuil


See also

*
Canadian Hereditary Peers Canadian peers and baronets (french: pairs et baronnets canadiens) exist in both the peerage of France recognized by the Monarch of Canada (the same as the Monarch of the United Kingdom) and the peerage of the United Kingdom. In 1627, French C ...
*
Canadian titles debate The Canadian titles debate originated with the presentation to the House of Commons of Canada of the Nickle Resolution in 1917. This resolution marked the earliest attempt to establish a Government of Canada policy requesting the sovereign, in the r ...


Notes

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External links


Portrait of Charles le Moyne du Longueuil, 3rd Baron du Longueuil, 1724–1755
at the McCord Museum
Société d'histoire de Longueuil – Ressources et documentation
*Michel Pratt Édition révisée et augmentée, 30 mai 2005, Dictionnaire historique de Longueuil, de Jacques-Cartier et de Montréal-Sud. at: https://web.archive.org/web/20100407054725/http://marigot.ca/dictio/longueuil/g.html Le Moyne family