A Bankart lesion is a type of shoulder
injury that occurs following a
dislocated shoulder
A dislocated shoulder is a condition in which the head of the humerus is detached from the shoulder joint. Symptoms include shoulder pain and instability. Complications may include a Bankart lesion, Hill-Sachs lesion, rotator cuff tear, or inj ...
.
It is an
injury of the
anterior (
inferior)
glenoid labrum of the shoulder. When this happens, a pocket at the front of the glenoid forms that allows the humeral head to dislocate into it. It is an indication for
surgery and often accompanied by a
Hill-Sachs lesion, damage to the posterior
humeral
The humerus (; ) is a long bone in the arm that runs from the shoulder to the elbow. It connects the scapula and the two bones of the lower arm, the radius and ulna, and consists of three sections. The humeral upper extremity consists of a rou ...
head.
A bony Bankart is a Bankart lesion that includes a
fracture of the anterior-inferior
glenoid cavity
The glenoid fossa of the scapula or the glenoid cavity is a bone part of the shoulder. The word ''glenoid'' is pronounced or (both are common) and is from el, gléne, "socket", reflecting the shoulder joint's ball-and-socket form. It is a sha ...
of the
scapula bone.
The Bankart lesion is named after English orthopedic surgeon
Arthur Sydney Blundell Bankart (1879–1951).
Diagnosis
The diagnosis is usually initially made by a combination of physical exam and
medical imaging, where the latter may be
projectional radiography
Projectional radiography, also known as conventional radiography, is a form of radiography and medical imaging that produces two-dimensional images by x-ray radiation. The image acquisition is generally performed by radiographers, and the images a ...
(in cases of bony Bankart) and/or
MRI
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a medical imaging technique used in radiology to form pictures of the anatomy and the physiological processes of the body. MRI scanners use strong magnetic fields, magnetic field gradients, and radio waves ...
of the shoulder. The presence of intra-articular contrast allows for better evaluation of the
glenoid labrum. Type V
SLAP tear
Slap or slapping may refer to:
* Slapping (strike), a method of striking with the palm of the hand
* Slapping (music), a musical technique used with stringed instruments
* Slap tonguing, a musical technique used on wind instruments
* ''Slap'' ...
s extends into the Bankart defect.
Treatment
Arthroscopic repair of Bankart injuries have good success rates, though nearly one-third of patients require further surgery for continued instability after the initial procedure in a study of young adults, with higher re-operation rates in those less than 20 years of age. Options for repair include an
arthroscopic
Arthroscopy (also called arthroscopic or keyhole surgery) is a minimally invasive surgical procedure on a joint in which an examination and sometimes treatment of damage is performed using an arthroscope, an endoscope that is inserted into the j ...
technique or a more invasive open
Latarjet procedure, with the open technique tending to have a lower incidence of recurrent dislocation, but also a reduced range of motion following surgery.
Gallery
File:Shoulder dislocation with Bankart and Hill-Sachs lesion, before and after reduction.jpg, X-ray at left shows anterior dislocation in a young man after trying to get up from his bed. X-ray at right shows same shoulder after reduction and internal rotation, revealing both a bony Bankart lesion and a Hill-Sachs lesion.
File:CT. Bony Bankart lesion at the antero-inferior glenoid. Clearly dislocated at the cranial part. Humeral head is still centered..jpg, CT scan showing a bony Bankart lesion at the antero-inferior glenoid
File:Post Dislocated shoulder MRI 01.png, MRI of the shoulder after an anterior dislocation showing a Hill-Sachs lesion and labral Bankart lesion
File:Bankart lesion seen at arthroscopy.png, Bankart lesion seen at arthroscopy
Arthroscopy (also called arthroscopic or keyhole surgery) is a minimally invasive surgical procedure on a joint in which an examination and sometimes treatment of damage is performed using an arthroscope, an endoscope that is inserted into the ...
File:CR. Bony Bankart lesion with stationary fragment at the inferior glenoid..jpg, Radiograph showing a bony Bankart lesion with stationary fragment at the inferior glenoid
File:3-D CT reconstruction of Bankart lesion which occurred post anterior shoulder dislocation.jpg, 3-D CT reconstruction of a bankart lesion which occurred post anterior shoulder dislocation. This subject's humerus remains mildly superiorly subluxated. Fracture marked by a black arrow.
See also
*
Terms for anatomical location
Standard anatomical terms of location are used to unambiguously describe the anatomy of animals, including humans. The terms, typically derived from Latin or Greek roots, describe something in its standard anatomical position. This position pro ...
References
External links
Bankart lesion- zadeh.co.uk
{{Dislocations, sprains and strains
Dislocations, sprains and strains
Orthopedic problems
Lesion