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The Baltimore Stallions (known officially as the "Baltimore Football Club" and previously as the "Baltimore CFL Colts" in its inaugural season) were a
Canadian Football League The Canadian Football League (CFL; french: Ligue canadienne de football—LCF) is a professional sports league in Canada. The CFL is the highest level of competition in Canadian football. The league consists of nine teams, each located in a c ...
team based in
Baltimore, Maryland Baltimore ( , locally: or ) is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Maryland, fourth most populous city in the Mid-Atlantic, and the 30th most populous city in the United States with a population of 585,708 in 2020. Baltimore wa ...
, in the United States, which played the
1994 File:1994 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The 1994 Winter Olympics are held in Lillehammer, Norway; The Kaiser Permanente building after the 1994 Northridge earthquake; A model of the MS Estonia, which sank in the Baltic Sea; Nels ...
and 1995 seasons. They were the most successful American team in the CFL's generally ill-fated southern expansion effort into the United States, and by at least one account, the winningest expansion team in North American professional sports history at the time. They had winning records in each season, and in both years advanced to the championship game. In 1995, they became the only American franchise to win the Grey Cup. In the final weeks of the Stallions' second season, it became public knowledge that the
Maryland Stadium Authority The Maryland Stadium Authority, MSA, was created by Chapter 283, Acts of 1986 Maryland General Assembly. Its initial mission was to return the National Football League (NFL) to Baltimore. Maryland sought a new football team after former Baltimore ...
and City of Baltimore were in serious negotiations with Art Modell, the long-time owner of the Cleveland Browns of the
National Football League The National Football League (NFL) is a professional American football league that consists of 32 teams, divided equally between the American Football Conference (AFC) and the National Football Conference (NFC). The NFL is one of the majo ...
, (NFL) to move his franchise to Baltimore for the 1996 season. The Stallions ownership group knew they had no reasonable prospect of successfully competing with the overwhelmingly more popular brand in their home country. Even before the agreement with Modell became official within a month of the Stallions' Grey Cup triumph, the CFL team's ownership group was actively seeking to re-locate their team elsewhere. They ultimately chose to move their football organization to
Montreal Montreal ( ; officially Montréal, ) is the second-most populous city in Canada and most populous city in the Canadian province of Quebec. Founded in 1642 as '' Ville-Marie'', or "City of Mary", it is named after Mount Royal, the triple- ...
, reviving the dormant franchise based there as the third and current iteration of the
Montreal Alouettes The Montreal Alouettes ( French: Les Alouettes de Montréal) are a professional Canadian football team based in Montreal, Quebec. Founded in 1946, the team has folded and been revived twice. The Alouettes compete in the East Division of the Cana ...
. The Stallions franchise was dissolved, thus becoming one of three Grey Cup champions in the modern era to subsequently fold (the others being the Ottawa Rough Riders and the original Alouettes). The CFL considers the Stallions to be a separate franchise from the Alouettes.


History

For some 30 years, Baltimore had been home to the Baltimore Colts, a popular NFL team that suddenly moved literally overnight to Indianapolis in 1984. The former Philadelphia Stars of the United States Football League (USFL) nominally represented Baltimore in spring 1985. However, after being blocked from Memorial Stadium, the Colts' old home, due to objections from the
Major League Baseball Major League Baseball (MLB) is a professional baseball organization and the oldest major professional sports league in the world. MLB is composed of 30 total teams, divided equally between the National League (NL) and the American League (A ...
Baltimore Orioles, they were forced to play well outside the city bounds in College Park. The Stars had planned to move to Memorial Stadium in fall 1986, but the league failed before this could happen. In the years after the Colts left, Baltimore made two serious bids to get another NFL team. It heavily wooed the St. Louis Cardinals football team owned by the Bidwill family, but they ultimately moved to
Phoenix, Arizona Phoenix ( ; nv, Hoozdo; es, Fénix or , yuf-x-wal, Banyà:nyuwá) is the List of capitals in the United States, capital and List of cities and towns in Arizona#List of cities and towns, most populous city of the U.S. state of Arizona, with 1 ...
as the Phoenix (later Arizona) Cardinals. In 1993, an ownership group failed to win an NFL expansion franchise, the Baltimore Bombers. Soon after the expansion effort failed, entrepreneur and former Washington Redskins assistant Jim Speros was granted a CFL expansion franchise for Baltimore that would play in Memorial Stadium. Attempting to trade on the city's love for its long-lost Baltimore Colts, Speros adopted a color scheme that added silver to the Baltimore Colts' traditional colors of blue and white, as well as a stylized horse's head logo. He also invited the old Baltimore Colts Marching Band, which had stayed together along with the old team's uniformed cheerleaders for over a decade, to play at his games. He recruited the remaining Baltimore Colts football fan clubs ("Colt Corrals") to follow and support the new CFL franchise. He initially called the team the "Baltimore CFL Colts". However, the NFL went to court and successfully obtained a legal injunction against the franchise's use of any version of "Colts" in their name just hours before the team was to play its first game. Speros not only had to discard tons of purchased merchandise and souvenirs along with an advertising campaign, but also had to quickly change the franchise's official name to the "Baltimore Football Club" (which some just called the "Baltimore CFL's") while keeping the team's distinctive horse's head logo. Local fans tended to continue referring to the team as the "Baltimore Colts" anyway, and team officials tacitly encouraged this. For example, for most of the 1994 season, Memorial Stadium's public address announcer, Jack Taylor, would announce the team as "your Baltimore CFL..." – followed by a pause, during which time the crowd shouted "COLTS!" – after which he would conclude, "...football team." Number 19 was never issued out of respect to the Baltimore Colts' great Johnny Unitas.


1994 season

Speros's approach to building the team was simple. He knew Canadian football was very different from the
American game The American Game is an American breed of game fowl, chickens bred specifically for cockfighting. It has many color varieties, and may also be kept for ornament. History The American Game was bred for cockfighting. The full-size ("large fow ...
, so he made a point of hiring personnel and players with CFL experience. In contrast, the other American CFL teams stocked their rosters with former NFL players, former college football players, and locally-known players. Speros hired career CFL assistant Jim Popp as general manager, and named longtime CFL coach Don Matthews as head coach. Popp and Matthews, in turn, brought in experienced CFL players like QB Tracy Ham, RB Mike Pringle, LB O. J. Brigance, DT Jearld Baylis, DE Elfrid Payton. One of the more prominent NFL castoffs was K Donald Igwebuike; the team also offered a tryout to former
Super Bowl XXII Super Bowl XXII was an American football game between the National Football Conference (NFC) champion Washington Redskins and American Football Conference (AFC) champion Denver Broncos to decide the National Football League (NFL) champion for ...
MVP
Timmy Smith Timothy LaRay Smith (born January 21, 1964) is an American former professional football player who was a running back in the National Football League (NFL) for the Washington Redskins and the Dallas Cowboys. He played college football for the ...
, who had been out of football several years by that point, but Smith failed to make the regular season roster. It also helped that Memorial Stadium had been originally built to accommodate baseball as well as football. Using Memorial Stadium's baseball seating configuration gave it a field large enough to accommodate the full 150-yard length and 65-yard width of a regulation CFL field. Even though they lacked an official name, the team finished second in the CFL East Division, with a 12–6 regular season record – more wins than any CFL expansion team before or since. In addition, the team was ranked third in the entire CFL in team scoring, and second in team defense. Mike Pringle was the team's offensive standout. Among other accomplishments, he earned the league's leading rushing title with a record 1,972 yards and thirteen touchdowns. Pringle also returned 38 kicks for 814 yards, which made him a CFL All-Star, Eastern All-Star, and a Terry Evanshen Trophy winner. In the playoffs, Baltimore hosted the Toronto Argonauts in the East semifinals at Memorial Stadium and won the game, 34–15. After the semifinal game, Baltimore ended up defeating the favored Winnipeg Blue Bombers at Winnipeg Stadium 14–12 to become the first (and only) American and expansion team to make it to the Grey Cup. In the Grey Cup game, Baltimore was up against the
B.C. Lions The BC Lions are a professional Canadian football team based in Vancouver, British Columbia. The Lions compete in the West Division of the Canadian Football League (CFL), and play their home games at BC Place. The Lions played their first season ...
at BC Place Stadium in what amounted to a road game. Baltimore had the upper hand against the Lions, leading 17–10 at halftime and silencing the Lions' faithful; however, the Lions came back in the second half, winning by a score of 26–23 on a last-second Lui Passaglia field goal.


1995 season

After the 1994 season, the CFL announced that the League's five U.S. teams—Baltimore, the San Antonio Texans (the former
Sacramento Gold Miners The Sacramento Gold Miners were a Canadian football team based in Sacramento, California. The franchise was the first American team in the Canadian Football League. The Gold Miners inherited a home stadium, front office staff and much of the rost ...
), the Shreveport Pirates and the expansion Memphis Mad Dogs and Birmingham Barracudas—would be placed in a new South Division, while the Canadian teams would reside in the North Division. Just before the start of the 1995 season, a name-the-team fan poll was held to decide a new team name. After the team finished the first week of its second season still calling itself "the Baltimore Football Club", the fan poll ended; Speros publicly announced that Baltimore's team would be known as the "Baltimore Stallions". The name change was a convenient one in that it allowed Baltimore's logo and colors to remain unchanged from the 1994 season. Despite the changes to their name and team re-alignment, the Stallions returned with virtually the same roster for their next season. The exception was the signing of former Posse kicker Carlos Huerta to replace Igwebuike, who moved on to play with Memphis. With essentially the same team from the 1994 season, optimism and Grey Cup expectations were high for the Stallions. Optimism became reality as Baltimore continued their on-field dominance from the previous season. They started the season 2–3, but did not lose another game for the rest of the season. They ultimately finished with a 15–3 regular season record – first place in the South Division, and tying the Calgary Stampeders for the best record in the CFL. Quarterback Tracy Ham with Mike Pringle and Robert Drummond were the most potent backfield in the CFL. Chris Armstrong became the team's top receiver and the defense continued dominating opponents by allowing only 369 points-against, ranking the squad third in team defense. Mike Pringle had a slight drop-off from his 1994 numbers by rushing for 1,791 yards, being named the
CFL's Most Outstanding Player The Most Outstanding Player Award is annually awarded to the best player in the Canadian Football League. The two nominees for the award are the Terry Evanshen Trophy winner from the East Division, and the Jeff Nicklin Memorial Trophy winner fro ...
. After defeating Winnipeg 36–21 in the divisional semifinals, the Stallions defeated the Texans 21–11 in the South final in what is (as of the 2019 season) the last meaningful CFL game played in the United States. This vaulted them to the Grey Cup final for the second straight season. They traveled to Regina's Taylor Field to face the 15–3 North Division champion Stampeders, who were led by coach Wally Buono, QB Doug Flutie, and his two top receivers, Allen Pitts and Dave Sapunjis. During the game, the winds at Taylor Field were particularly strong and gusted up to 85 km/h (52.8 mph). That did not slow down the Stallions, as they defeated the Stampeders, 37–20 to become the first American team to win the Grey Cup, with Tracy Ham becoming the Grey Cup's Most Valuable Player. Counting the playoffs, the Stallions ended the season on a 16-game winning streak.


Fan support

In addition to being the most successful of the U.S. CFL teams on the field, Baltimore was far and away the most successful of the CFL's American teams at the box office. It had significant fan support and strong attendance – averaging 37,347 in 1994 (best in the CFL), and 30,112 in 1995 (second best). Fan support in Baltimore was driven by a number of factors not present in the CFL's other U.S. markets. Their success on the field was one obvious factor. However many fans were motivated to support the CFL out of antipathy towards the NFL, which had not only backed the re-location of the NFL Colts to Indianapolis, but had subsequently spurned several attempts to return an NFL franchise to the city. Another major factor in Baltimore's success at the gate was the
1994–95 Major League Baseball strike The 1994–95 Major League Baseball strike was the eighth and longest work stoppage in baseball history, as well as the fourth in-season work stoppage in 22 years. The strike began on August 12, 1994, and resulted in the remainder of that season ...
, which wiped out the last two months of the Orioles' season. Baltimore was also a significantly more heavily populated market than the other CFL American markets and the only one to have previously hosted an NFL team, giving the Stallions a larger base from which to draw fans.


In the end

After the 1995 season, the CFL decided to disband three of its five American franchises and return to its traditional east–west divisional alignment for the 1996 season. The two remaining American teams, Baltimore and San Antonio, were to be placed in the CFL's East Division. However, this strategy collapsed on the week of the South Division final, when longtime Cleveland Browns owner Art Modell announced he would be moving his team to Baltimore. Speros had initially not believed the rumors of Modell courting Baltimore when they cropped up in September. However, as soon as the move was announced, local support for the Stallions dried up almost overnight. The loss of support was so dramatic that the Stallions were forced to basically give away tickets for the South Division final. The Grey Cup victory celebration at Inner Harbor went almost unnoticed in the local media. Speros and CFL officials soon realized that while the Stallions had been successful, they could not compete head-to-head with an NFL team. Although city officials as high as Mayor Kurt Schmoke harbored hope that the Stallions could coexist with Modell's team–which was eventually reconstituted as the Baltimore Ravens–it soon became apparent that there wasn't enough advertising revenue or fan support to go around. Additionally, continuing to use Memorial Stadium would have been a logistical nightmare once the NFL season began in September, and no other stadium in the Baltimore area was suitable or large enough even for temporary use. Rather than risk being reduced to "minor league" status in Baltimore, Speros announced plans to move the franchise. He was actually very close to moving the franchise to Houston, Texas, to take the place of the NFL's recently departed Houston Oilers in the Astrodome, with then- Houston Astros owner Drayton McLane as a minority partner. However, under prodding from CFL officials who believed the American experiment was a lost cause, Speros began talks with officials in
Montreal Montreal ( ; officially Montréal, ) is the second-most populous city in Canada and most populous city in the Canadian province of Quebec. Founded in 1642 as '' Ville-Marie'', or "City of Mary", it is named after Mount Royal, the triple- ...
. CFL commissioner Larry Smith believed the defending CFL champions would be a better vehicle for bringing the CFL back to Montreal rather than what would have essentially been an expansion team. At a league meeting on February 2, 1996; Speros was granted permission to move the Stallions to Montreal, effectively ending the American experiment. Although Speros seriously considered whether to keep the Stallions name, he ultimately decided to give up the Stallions franchise and reconstitute his organization as the third and current incarnation of the
Montreal Alouettes The Montreal Alouettes ( French: Les Alouettes de Montréal) are a professional Canadian football team based in Montreal, Quebec. Founded in 1946, the team has folded and been revived twice. The Alouettes compete in the East Division of the Cana ...
. Speros kept the Alouettes for only one year before selling the franchise to Robert C. Wetenhall in 1997. Sixteen former Baltimore Stallions players earned tryouts for NFL teams in 1996.


Historical note

The CFL does not officially consider the Stallions to be part of the Alouettes' history. According to official league records, Speros canceled the Stallions franchise after the 1995 season and reclaimed the dormant Alouettes franchise. Consequently, when Speros moved the team to Montreal, all of the Stallions players were released from their contracts, though Popp managed to re-sign many of them. The current Alouettes claim the history of the 1946–1986 Alouettes as their own, and the CFL has recognized the Alouettes as having suspended operations from 1987 to 1995. As of the end of the 2016 season, team president Mark Weightman is the only remaining link between the Stallions and Alouettes. General manager Jim Popp followed the team to Montreal as general manager and guided the franchise to 8 Grey Cup Finals, winning 3 of them – giving him a total of 10 Grey Cup Finals appearances and 4 Grey Cups with the Stallions/Alouettes organization. Popp resigned as general manager at the end of the team's 2016 season. Weightman served as an operations intern for the Stallions in 1995 and then joined the Alouettes as an operations staffer in 1996.


Roster and accomplishments


Canadian Football Hall of Fame

*8 Tracy Ham, inducted in 2010, Quarterback 1994–1995, won 83rd Grey Cup *27 Mike Pringle, inducted in 2008, Running back 1994–1995, won 83rd Grey Cup *56 Elfrid Payton, inducted in 2010, Defensive end 1994–1995, won 83rd Grey Cup * Don Matthews, inducted in 2011, Head Coach 1994–1995, won 83rd Grey Cup


Awards and accomplishments


1994

Divisional Awards * Most Valuable Player of the East DivisionMike Pringle (RB) * Most Outstanding Rookie of the East Division
Matt Goodwin Matthew Goodwin (born 19 October 1960) is an Australian former rugby league footballer who played in the 1980s and 1990s. Playing career From 1983 until 1989 Goodwin played a total of 119 games for the Penrith Panthers, in the process scoring ...
(DB) * Most Outstanding Offensive Lineman Award of the East Division
Shar Pourdanesh Shahriar Pourdanesh (born July 19, 1970) is a former American football offensive lineman who played in the National Football League for the Washington Redskins, Pittsburgh Steelers, and Oakland Raiders from 1996 to 2001 when in 2001 a severe knee ...
(OT) CFL Awards * CFL's Most Outstanding Offensive Lineman Award
Shar Pourdanesh Shahriar Pourdanesh (born July 19, 1970) is a former American football offensive lineman who played in the National Football League for the Washington Redskins, Pittsburgh Steelers, and Oakland Raiders from 1996 to 2001 when in 2001 a severe knee ...
(OT) * CFL's Most Outstanding Rookie Award
Matt Goodwin Matthew Goodwin (born 19 October 1960) is an Australian former rugby league footballer who played in the 1980s and 1990s. Playing career From 1983 until 1989 Goodwin played a total of 119 games for the Penrith Panthers, in the process scoring ...
(DB) * CFLPA's Most Outstanding Community Service AwardO. J. Brigance (LB) * CFL's Coach of the YearDon Matthews * Grey Cup's Most Valuable Player
Karl Anthony Karl Anthony (born March 14, 1967) is an American former professional football player who was a defensive back in the Canadian Football League (CFL). He was a CFL All-Star with the Calgary Stampeders in 1993. He won a Grey Cup championship ...
(CB) 1994 Eastern All-Stars ''Offense'' * Mike Pringle (RB) * Peter Tuipulotu (FB) * Chris Armstrong (SB) * Nick Subis (C) *
Shar Pourdanesh Shahriar Pourdanesh (born July 19, 1970) is a former American football offensive lineman who played in the National Football League for the Washington Redskins, Pittsburgh Steelers, and Oakland Raiders from 1996 to 2001 when in 2001 a severe knee ...
(OT) ''Defense'' *
Irvin Smith Irvin Smith (born March 12, 1967) is a former gridiron football defensive back. Smith played college football at Maryland. Smith attended Poolesville High School in Poolesville, Maryland, where he led the team to the state championship game in ...
(CB) * Michael Brooks (DS) ''Special Teams'' *
Josh Miller Joshua or Josh Miller may refer to: Musicians *Joshua Miller, American musician with duo Nemesis also featured in '' Jacob and Joshua: Nemesis Rising'' *Josh Miller, musician with The Pappy Johns Band Sportsmen * Josh Miller (field hockey) in 2 ...
(P) 1994 CFL All-Stars ''Offense'' * Mike Pringle (RB) *
Shar Pourdanesh Shahriar Pourdanesh (born July 19, 1970) is a former American football offensive lineman who played in the National Football League for the Washington Redskins, Pittsburgh Steelers, and Oakland Raiders from 1996 to 2001 when in 2001 a severe knee ...
(OT) ''Defense'' *
Irvin Smith Irvin Smith (born March 12, 1967) is a former gridiron football defensive back. Smith played college football at Maryland. Smith attended Poolesville High School in Poolesville, Maryland, where he led the team to the state championship game in ...
(CB) ''Special Teams'' *
Josh Miller Joshua or Josh Miller may refer to: Musicians *Joshua Miller, American musician with duo Nemesis also featured in '' Jacob and Joshua: Nemesis Rising'' *Josh Miller, musician with The Pappy Johns Band Sportsmen * Josh Miller (field hockey) in 2 ...
(P)


1995

Divisional Awards * Most Valuable Player of the East DivisionMike Pringle (RB) * Most Outstanding Rookie of the East DivisionChris Wright (WR) * Most Outstanding Offensive Lineman Award of the East DivisionMike Withycombe (OG) CFL Awards *
CFL's Most Outstanding Player Award The Most Outstanding Player Award is annually awarded to the best player in the Canadian Football League. The two nominees for the award are the Terry Evanshen Trophy winner from the East Division, and the Jeff Nicklin Memorial Trophy winner from ...
Mike Pringle (RB) * CFL's Most Outstanding Offensive Lineman AwardMike Withycombe (OG) * CFL's Coach of the YearDon Matthews * Grey Cup's Most Valuable PlayerTracy Ham (QB) 1995 Southern All-Stars ''Offense'' * Mike Pringle (RB) * Chris Armstrong (SB) * Mike Withycombe (OG) *
Shar Pourdanesh Shahriar Pourdanesh (born July 19, 1970) is a former American football offensive lineman who played in the National Football League for the Washington Redskins, Pittsburgh Steelers, and Oakland Raiders from 1996 to 2001 when in 2001 a severe knee ...
(OT) * Neal Fort (OT) ''Defense'' * Jerald Baylis (DT) * Elfrid Payton (DE) *
Tracy Gravely Tracy Gravely (born April 24, 1968) is a former all star linebacker in the Canadian Football League. A graduate of Concord University,(13 September 1989)Boone County Matchup Between Unbeaten Concord, Tech ''Point Pleasant Register'' where he wa ...
(LB) * O. J. Brigance (LB) *
Irvin Smith Irvin Smith (born March 12, 1967) is a former gridiron football defensive back. Smith played college football at Maryland. Smith attended Poolesville High School in Poolesville, Maryland, where he led the team to the state championship game in ...
(CB) * Charles Anthony (DB) ''Special Teams'' *
Josh Miller Joshua or Josh Miller may refer to: Musicians *Joshua Miller, American musician with duo Nemesis also featured in '' Jacob and Joshua: Nemesis Rising'' *Josh Miller, musician with The Pappy Johns Band Sportsmen * Josh Miller (field hockey) in 2 ...
(P) * Chris Wright (ST) 1995 CFL All-Stars ''Offense'' * Mike Pringle (RB) * Mike Withycombe (OG) * Neal Fort (OT) ''Defense'' * Jerald Baylis (DT) * O. J. Brigance (LB) *
Irvin Smith Irvin Smith (born March 12, 1967) is a former gridiron football defensive back. Smith played college football at Maryland. Smith attended Poolesville High School in Poolesville, Maryland, where he led the team to the state championship game in ...
(CB) * Charles Anthony (DB) ''Special Teams'' *
Josh Miller Joshua or Josh Miller may refer to: Musicians *Joshua Miller, American musician with duo Nemesis also featured in '' Jacob and Joshua: Nemesis Rising'' *Josh Miller, musician with The Pappy Johns Band Sportsmen * Josh Miller (field hockey) in 2 ...
(P) * Chris Wright (ST)


Television and radio announcers


See also

* CFL USA all-time records and statistics *
Comparison of Canadian and American football American and Canadian football are gridiron codes of football that are very similar; both have their origins in rugby football, but some key differences exist between the two codes. History Rugby football was introduced to North America in ...
* 1994 CFL season * 1995 CFL season * 82nd Grey Cup * 83rd Grey Cup


References


External links


Baltimore Stallions CFL Historical page
{{83rd Grey Cup 1994 establishments in Maryland 1995 disestablishments in Maryland Defunct Canadian Football League teams Defunct Canadian football teams in the United States