Balbridie is the site of a
Neolithic long house in
Aberdeenshire
Aberdeenshire ( sco, Aiberdeenshire; gd, Siorrachd Obar Dheathain) is one of the 32 council areas of Scotland.
It takes its name from the County of Aberdeen which has substantially different boundaries. The Aberdeenshire Council area includ ...
,
Scotland, situated on the south bank of the
River Dee, east of
Banchory
Banchory (, sco, Banchry, gd, Beannchar) is a burgh or town in Aberdeenshire, Scotland. It is about west of Aberdeen, near where the Feugh River meets the River Dee.
Prehistory and archaeology
In 2009, a farmer discovered a short cist bu ...
. The site is one of the earliest known permanent
Neolithic settlements in Scotland, dating from 3400 to 4000 BC. This is the largest Neolithic long house to be excavated in Britain. In a
European context, Whittle has indicated the rarity of such large Neolithic timber houses, citing Balbridie, a hall in
Cambridgeshire
Cambridgeshire (abbreviated Cambs.) is a county in the East of England, bordering Lincolnshire to the north, Norfolk to the north-east, Suffolk to the east, Essex and Hertfordshire to the south, and Bedfordshire and Northamptonshire to th ...
, and
Fengate
Fengate is a predominantly industrial area of the city of Peterborough, in the Peterborough district, in the ceremonial county of Cambridgeshire, England. For electoral purposes it forms part of Peterborough East ward. The industrial estate is k ...
as a small set of such finds.
Neolithic features found in a later excavation at
Dreghorn included post holes indicating a large rectangular structure comparable to Balbridie.
In 2022, a study of nitrogen content ancient grain at the site by the
University of Stavanger
The University of Stavanger ( Norwegian: ''Universitetet i Stavanger,'' UiS) is a university located in Stavanger, Norway. UiS was established in 2005 when the former Stavanger University College (''Høgskolen i Stavanger''; HiS) received unive ...
and
Durham University published in the journal
''Antiquity'' revealed details of neolithic farming techniques at the site suggesting that manure was not used in the area because of the quality of its soil.
Discovery
The Balbridie site was discovered in 1976 by
aerial photography
Aerial photography (or airborne imagery) is the taking of photographs from an aircraft or other airborne platforms. When taking motion pictures, it is also known as aerial videography.
Platforms for aerial photography include fixed-wing airc ...
carried out by the
. The unusually dry summer revealed previously undetected
cropmark
Cropmarks or crop marks are a means through which sub-surface archaeological, natural and recent features may be visible from the air or a vantage point on higher ground or a temporary platform. Such marks, along with parch marks, soil marks an ...
s suggesting a very large structure.
Subsequent archaeological work on site allowed the conceptual reconstruction of an enormous timber structure including the identification of large timber
posthole
In archaeology a posthole or post-hole is a cut feature used to hold a surface timber or stone. They are usually much deeper than they are wide; however, truncation may not make this apparent. Although the remains of the timber may survive, most ...
s.
Relationship to other very early features
The vicinity of Balbridie includes a number of other notable archaeological features including the Neolithic site of
Bucharn. Watt has pointed out that this local area attracted an unusual density of very early settlement in Scotland. Balbridie is not only close to the
River Dee but also to the
Elsick Mounth
The Elsick Mounth is an ancient trackway crossing the Grampian Mountains in the vicinity of Netherley, Scotland. This trackway was one of the few means of traversing the Grampian Mounth area in prehistoric and medieval times. The highest pa ...
trackway
Historic roads (historic trails in USA and Canada) are paths or routes that have historical importance due to their use over a period of time. Examples exist from prehistoric times until the early 20th century. They include ancient trackways ...
, the route of early crossings inland through the lower Grampian Mountains.
See also
*
Coy Burn
Coy Burn is a stream that rises in the hills north of Banchory in Aberdeenshire, Scotland. Coy Burn discharges to the River Dee at Milton of Crathes.
History
The Coy Burn along with certain other natural waters of Scotland has been under st ...
References
;Notes
;Bibliography
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4th-millennium BC architecture in Scotland
Populated places established in the 4th millennium BC
Neolithic Scotland
Neolithic settlements
Former populated places in Scotland
1976 in Scotland
4th-millennium BC establishments
Scheduled Ancient Monuments in Aberdeenshire
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