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The genus ''Bacterium'' was a taxon described in 1828 by
Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg (19 April 1795 – 27 June 1876) was a German Natural history, naturalist, zoologist, comparative anatomist, geologist, and microscopy, microscopist. Ehrenberg was an Evangelicalism, evangelist and was considered to ...
. The type species was later changed from ''Bacterium triloculare'' to ''Bacterium coli'' (now ''
Escherichia coli ''Escherichia coli'' (),Wells, J. C. (2000) Longman Pronunciation Dictionary. Harlow ngland Pearson Education Ltd. also known as ''E. coli'' (), is a Gram-negative, facultative anaerobic, rod-shaped, coliform bacterium of the genus '' Esc ...
'') as it was lost. In 1951 and then in 1954 it was recognised as a ''nomen generum rejiciendum'', which means a generic name to be rejected; this also applied to its family ''Bacteriaceae''. This genus included non-spore forming rods whose relation to other species was obscure (a " taxonomy dumping group"). This is different from the genus
Bacillus ''Bacillus'' (Latin "stick") is a genus of Gram-positive, rod-shaped bacteria, a member of the phylum '' Bacillota'', with 266 named species. The term is also used to describe the shape (rod) of other so-shaped bacteria; and the plural ''Bacill ...
, whose members were spore forming rods (''sensu'' Cohn 1872COHN (F.): Untersuchungen über Bakterien. Beitrage zur Biologie der Pflanzen Heft 2, 1872, 1, 127-224.).


Species

Many species were placed under the genus. Given that the genus was abolished in the process of forming the Bacteriological Code there is no such thing as an official list of species present. These are those accepted by Breed and Conn in 1935: * ''Bacterium tumefaciens'', now '' Agrobacterium radiobacter'' * ''Bacterium aerogenes'', now '' Klebsiella aerogenes'' * ''Bacterium violaceum'', now ''
Chromobacterium violaceum ''Chromobacterium violaceum'' is a Gram-negative, facultative anaerobic, non-sporing coccobacillus. It is motile with the help of a single flagellum which is located at the pole of the coccobacillus. Usually, there are one or two more lateral ...
'' * ''Bacterium amylovorum'', now ''
Erwinia amylovora Fire blight, also written fireblight, is a contagious disease affecting apples, pears, and some other members of the family Rosaceae. It is a serious concern to apple and pear producers. Under optimal conditions, it can destroy an entire orchard ...
'' * ''Bacterium zopfii'', now '' Kurthia zopfii'' * ''Bacterium monocytogenes'', now ''
Listeria monocytogenes ''Listeria monocytogenes'' is the species of pathogenic bacteria that causes the infection listeriosis. It is a facultative anaerobic bacterium, capable of surviving in the presence or absence of oxygen. It can grow and reproduce inside the host ...
'' * ''Bacterium pneumoniae'', now ''
Klebsiella pneumoniae ''Klebsiella pneumoniae'' is a Gram-negative, non-motile, encapsulated, lactose- fermenting, facultative anaerobic, rod-shaped bacterium. It appears as a mucoid lactose fermenter on MacConkey agar. Although found in the normal flora of the mo ...
''


See also

*
Bacteria Bacteria (; singular: bacterium) are ubiquitous, mostly free-living organisms often consisting of one Cell (biology), biological cell. They constitute a large domain (biology), domain of prokaryotic microorganisms. Typically a few micrometr ...
*
Bacterial taxonomy Bacterial taxonomy is the taxonomy, i.e. the rank-based classification, of bacteria. In the scientific classification established by Carl Linnaeus, each species has to be assigned to a genus ( binary nomenclature), which in turn is a lower lev ...


References

{{reflist Obsolete bacteria taxa Taxa named by Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg