''Bacillus submarinus'' is a species in the genus '' Bacillus,'' meaning it is rod shaped while being capable of producing endospores. ''B. submarinus'' is Gram + , where there is a thick layer of peptidoglycan in its cell wall.

Description

''Bacillus submarinus'' is a gram positive, aerobic meaning that it requires oxygen for metabolism. ''B. submarinus'' is a sporulating bacteria which is when the cell puts it genetic information in a spore during a cell's dormant phase, rod-shaped, bacterium of the genus ''Bacillus'' that is commonly found in the ocean at extreme depths and pressures. As with other members of the genus ''Bacillus'', it can form an

endospore An endospore is a dormant, tough, and non-reproductive structure produced by some bacteria in the phylum Bacillota. The name "endospore" is suggestive of a spore or seed-like form (''endo'' means 'within'), but it is not a true spore (i.e., no ...

a bud that contains genetic information in the chance the bacteria cell dies, later when conditions become more hospitable the bacteria returns, surviving extreme conditions.

Habitat

This species is commonly found in the ocean waters, primarily in the Atlantic Ocean. ''Bacillus submarinus'' is able to live in oceans at a depth of more than 5000 m, withstanding extreme hydrostatic pressure that is above

1.1x10^8

Pa or around 15954 Psi. In contrast, the human femur can only withstand a maximum of 1,700 Psi before shattering.

Reproduction

''Bacillus submarinus'' divide symmetrically to make two daughter cells, producing a single endospore that can remain viable for decades and is resistant to unfavourable environmental conditions such as ocean

acidification Acidification may refer to: * Ocean acidification, decrease in the pH of the Earth's oceans * Freshwater acidification, atmospheric depositions and soil leaching of SOx and NOx * Soil acidification, buildup of hydrogen cations, which reduces the ...

. They do not reproduce like eukaryotic cells by

mitosis In cell biology, mitosis () is a part of the cell cycle in which replicated chromosomes are separated into two new nuclei. Cell division by mitosis gives rise to genetically identical cells in which the total number of chromosomes is mainta ...

but, a process known as binary fission. In binary fission the DNA in the prokaryote is not condensed in structures similar to chromosomes, but make a copy of the DNA and the cell divides in half.

Uses

''Bacillus submarinus'' is proven to decompose oil that is found in the ocean such as after an oil spill. As ''B. submarinus'' begins the process of decomposing oil in the ocean they form

tarball Tarball may refer to: * Tarball (computing), a type of archive file * Tarball (oil), a blob of semi-solid oil found on or near the ocean {{Disambiguation ...

s. In these tarballs the ''B. submarinus'' works with other organisms such as '' Chromobacterium violaceum'' and ''

Candida marina Candida, or Cándida (Spanish), may refer to: Biology and medicine * ''Candida'' (fungus), a genus of yeasts ** Candidiasis, an infection by ''Candida'' organisms * Malvasia Candida, a variety of grape Places * Candida, Campania, a ''comune ...

'' to change the chemical structure of the oil by decomposing it and causing the molecules in oil to bond to other materials around organism.

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q85744792 submarinus Marine biology