Baarin (
Mongolian ',
Chinese 巴林 ''Bālín'') is a dialect of
Mongolian spoken mainly in
Inner Mongolia.
Location and classification
Baarin is spoken in the
Baarin Right Banner,
Baarin Left Banner,
Ar Khorchin Banner
Ar Horqin Banner ( Mongolian: ''Aru Qorčin qosiɣu''; ) is a banner of eastern Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China. It is under the administration of Chifeng City, about to the south-southwest. The banner lies on China National Highwa ...
and
Ongniud Banner
Ongniud Banner ( Mongolian: ''Oŋniɣud qosiɣu''; ) is a banner of eastern Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China
China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's most populous c ...
of
Ulanhad and in the
Jirin Banner of
Tongliao in Inner Mongolia. It has been grouped together with
Khorchin and
Kharchin or as an intermediate variant between these two on the one hand and
Chakhar,
Khalkha and
Ordos on the other hand. On the other hand, it is part of
Southern Mongolian as far as its
Standard language
A standard language (also standard variety, standard dialect, and standard) is a language variety that has undergone substantial codification of grammar and usage, although occasionally the term refers to the entirety of a language that includes ...
is concerned and has therefore been grouped into such a variety as well.
Phonology
Baarin has the short
vowel phonemes and the corresponding long vowels. The
consonant phonemes are . That is, as in Khalkha and Khorchin, the basic
phonation
The term phonation has slightly different meanings depending on the subfield of phonetics. Among some phoneticians, ''phonation'' is the process by which the vocal folds produce certain sounds through quasi-periodic vibration. This is the defini ...
contrast in
plosive
In phonetics, a plosive, also known as an occlusive or simply a stop, is a pulmonic consonant in which the vocal tract is blocked so that all airflow ceases.
The occlusion may be made with the tongue tip or blade (, ), tongue body (, ), lips ...
s and
affricate
An affricate is a consonant that begins as a stop and releases as a fricative, generally with the same place of articulation (most often coronal). It is often difficult to decide if a stop and fricative form a single phoneme or a consonant pair. ...
s is based on
aspiration, not on
voicedness
Voice or voicing is a term used in phonetics and phonology to characterize speech sounds (usually consonants). Speech sounds can be described as either voicelessness, voiceless (otherwise known as ''unvoiced'') or voiced.
The term, however, i ...
. This even includes . In contrast to Khalkha and akin to Khorchin,
palatalized consonants have already lost their phoneme status and conveyed it to the new vowel phonemes .
Morphology
The
accusative takes the form , e.g. 'language-Acc'. The
genitive
In grammar, the genitive case (abbreviated ) is the grammatical case that marks a word, usually a noun, as modifying another word, also usually a noun—thus indicating an attributive relationship of one noun to the other noun. A genitive can al ...
, on the other hand, tends to contain one , but it is still based on . Due to this,
homophony with the accusative can occur in a few cases, e.g. ''ternə'' (accusative and genitive of the distal demonstrative), but not ''əni'' (proximal accusative) vs. ''ənni'' (proximal genitive). There is no
allative and no cognate of the old
sociative case, but an additional
case
Case or CASE may refer to:
Containers
* Case (goods), a package of related merchandise
* Cartridge case or casing, a firearm cartridge component
* Bookcase, a piece of furniture used to store books
* Briefcase or attaché case, a narrow box to c ...
in ''-tar'' < ''dotura'' 'inside' with fairly narrow meaning has been assumed.
[Bayarmendü 1997: 94-95]
References
Bibliography
* Bayarmendü, Borǰigin (1997): ''Baγarin aman ayalγun-u sudulul. Kökeqota: Öbür mongγul-un arad-un keblel-ün qoriy-a.
*
Janhunen, Juha (2003): Mongol dialects. In: Juha Janhunen (ed.): ''The Mongolic languages''. London: Routledge: 177–191.
* Luvsanvandan, Š. (1959): Mongol hel ajalguuny učir. In: ''Mongolyn sudlal 1''.
* Sečenbaγatur et al. (2005): ''Mongγul kelen-ü nutuγ-un ayalγun-u sinǰilel-ün uduridqal''. Kökeqota: Öbür mongγul-un arad-un keblel-ün qoriy-a.
* Svantesson, Jan-Olof, Anna Tsendina, Anastasia Karlsson, Vivan Franzén (2005): ''The Phonology of Mongolian''. New York: Oxford University Press.
{{DEFAULTSORT:Baarin Dialect
Agglutinative languages
Central Mongolic languages