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Bangladesh Krishak Sramik Awami League (BaKSAL) ( bn, বাংলাদেশ কৃষক শ্রমিক আওয়ামী লীগ "Bangladesh Worker-Peasant's People's League"; বাকশাল) was a political front comprising
Bangladesh Awami League Bangladesh (}, ), officially the People's Republic of Bangladesh, is a country in South Asia. It is the eighth-most populous country in the world, with a population exceeding 165 million people in an area of . Bangladesh is among the mos ...
,
Communist Party of Bangladesh The Communist Party of Bangladesh ( bn, বাংলাদেশের কমিউনিস্ট পার্টি) is a Marxism-Leninism, Marxist–Leninist communist party in Bangladesh. History After the Partition of India, partitioni ...
, National Awami Party (Muzaffar) and Jatiyo League. Following the Fourth Amendment to the Constitution of Bangladesh, enacted on 25 January 1975,
Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Sheikh Mujibur Rahman ( bn, শেখ মুজিবুর রহমান; 17 March 1920 – 15 August 1975), often shortened as Sheikh Mujib or Mujib and widely known as Bangabandhu (meaning ''Friend of Bengal''), was a Bengali politi ...
formed BaKSAL on 24 February. In addition, with the presidential order, all other political parties were outlawed with the formation of BaKSAL. The party advocated
state socialism State socialism is a political and economic ideology within the socialist movement that advocates state ownership of the means of production. This is intended either as a temporary measure, or as a characteristic of socialism in the transition ...
as a part of the group of reforms under the theory of the Second Revolution. BaKSAL was the decision-making council to achieve the objectives of the Second Revolution. BaKSAL was dissolved after the
assassination of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman The first president of Bangladesh, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, and most of his family were killed during the early hours of 15 August 1975 by a group of young Bangladesh Army personnel who invaded his Dhanmondi 32 residence as part of a coup d ...
in August 1975. With the end of BaKSAL, all the political parties who had merged with BaKSAL, including the Awami League, again became independent political parties.


Background

Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Sheikh Mujibur Rahman ( bn, শেখ মুজিবুর রহমান; 17 March 1920 – 15 August 1975), often shortened as Sheikh Mujib or Mujib and widely known as Bangabandhu (meaning ''Friend of Bengal''), was a Bengali politi ...
(aka Mujibur) and his
Awami League In Urdu language, Awami is the adjectival form for '' Awam'', the Urdu language word for common people. The adjective appears in the following proper names: *Awami Colony, a neighbourhood of Landhi Town in Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan *Awami Front, wa ...
won a landslide victory in the
1973 Bangladeshi general election General elections were held in newly independent Bangladesh on 7 March 1973. The result was a victory for the Bangladesh Awami League, who won 293 of the 300 seats, including eleven constituencies where they were elected unopposed without a vote. ...
. Backing for the government waned, however, as supporters became disillusioned by widespread corruption. In the face of growing unrest, on 28 December 1974 Mujibur declared a state of emergency, which gave him the power to ban any political group. He pushed the Fourth Amendment to the constitution through parliament on 25 January 1975. It dissolved all political parties and gave him the authority to institute one-party rule.


Formation

On 24 February 1975, Mujibur formed a new party, the Bangladesh Krishak Sramik Awami League (BaKSAL), which all MPs were required to join. Any MP who missed a parliamentary session, abstained, or failed to vote with the party would lose their seat. All civilian government employees, professionals, and trade union leaders were pressed to join the party. All other political organisations were banned. Most Awami League politicians and many from other parties joined BaKSAL, seeing no other way to retain any political power. The Jatiyo Samajtantrik Dal,
Purba Banglar Sarbahara Party Purba Banglar Sarbahara Party ( bn, পূর্ব বাংলার সর্বহারা পার্টি, Proletarian Party of East Bengal) is a communist party in Bangladesh. The party played a role in the independence struggle of the c ...
, Purbo Bangla Sammobadi Dal-Marxbadi-Leninbadi ( East Bengal Communist Party Marxist–Leninist), East Pakistan Communist Party, and
Bangladesh Communist Party (Leninist) The Bangladesh Communist Party (Leninist) was a communist party in Bangladesh. BCP(L) was founded in Calcutta in the fall of 1971, by several small communist splinter factions. The core of founders of BCP(L) consisted of Kazi Zafar Ahmed, Rashed K ...
did not join BaKSAL. According to political science professor Talukder Maniruzzaman, BaKSAL was in practice "the Awami League under a different name". BaKSAL was scheduled to officially replace the nation's other political organisations, whether those political parties agreed or not, and associations, on 1 September 1975. Organizationally, President Mujibur Rahman, BaKSAL chairman, appointed for the national party a fifteen-member executive committee, a 120-member central committee, and five front organisations, namely, Jatiya Krishak League, Jatiya Sramik League, Jatiya Mahila League, Jatiya Juba League and Jatiya Chhatra League (peasants, workers, women, youth, and students respectively). All members of the executive committee and central committee were to enjoy the status of ministers. BaKSAL was also designed to overhaul the administrative system of the country to make it people-oriented.


Executive committee

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Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Sheikh Mujibur Rahman ( bn, শেখ মুজিবুর রহমান; 17 March 1920 – 15 August 1975), often shortened as Sheikh Mujib or Mujib and widely known as Bangabandhu (meaning ''Friend of Bengal''), was a Bengali politi ...
(Chairman) # Syed Nazrul Islam (Vice-Chairman) # Muhammad Mansur Ali (Secretary General) # Abul Hasnat Muhammad Qamaruzzaman # Abdul Mannan #
Khondaker Mostaq Ahmad Khondaker Mostaq Ahmad (also spelled Khandakar Mushtaq Ahmed; – 5 March 1996) was a Bangladeshi politician. He was the President of Bangladesh from 15 August to 6 November 1975, after the assassination of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman. He was part ...
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Abdul Malek Ukil Abdul Malek Ukil ( bn, আব্দুল মালেক উকিল; 1 October 192417 October 1987) was the President of Bangladesh Awami League, Speaker of Parliament, Home Minister, Health Minister, a member of Parliament for many years and a ...
# Professor M. Yousuf Ali # Manaranjan Dhar # Muzaffar Ahmed Chowdhury #
Sheikh Abdul Aziz Sheikh Abdul Aziz (1952 – 11 August 2008) was chairman of the Jammu Kashmir Peoples League and a prominent member of the All Parties Hurriyat Conference, an alliance of Kashmiri separatist groups at the forefront of the political struggle again ...
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Mohiuddin Ahmed Mohiuddin Ahmed (died 28 January 2010) was a Bangladesh Army officer who was convicted of the Assassination of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman. On 28 January 2010, Ahmed was hanged along with Sultan Shahriar Rashid Khan, A.K.M. Mohiuddin Ahmed, Syed Faro ...
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Gazi Golam Mostafa Gazi Golam Mostafa (died 19 January 1981) was a Bangladesh Awami League politician and a former member of the East Pakistan provincial assembly. He was nicknamed the "Lord of the Bastis". ("Basti" means "slum" in Bengali.) Career Mostafa was a ...
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Zillur Rahman Mohammed Zillur Rahman (9 March 1929 – 20 March 2013) was the President of Bangladesh from 2009 to 2013. He was also a senior presidium member of the Awami League. He is the third president of Bangladesh, after Sheikh Mujibur Rahman and Ziaur ...
# Sheikh Fazlul Haque Mani # Abdur Razzaq


Central Committee

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Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Sheikh Mujibur Rahman ( bn, শেখ মুজিবুর রহমান; 17 March 1920 – 15 August 1975), often shortened as Sheikh Mujib or Mujib and widely known as Bangabandhu (meaning ''Friend of Bengal''), was a Bengali politi ...
# Syed Nazrul Islam # Muhammad Mansur Ali # Abdul Mannan # Abdul Malik Ukil #
Khondaker Mostaq Ahmad Khondaker Mostaq Ahmad (also spelled Khandakar Mushtaq Ahmed; – 5 March 1996) was a Bangladeshi politician. He was the President of Bangladesh from 15 August to 6 November 1975, after the assassination of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman. He was part ...
# A.H.M Kamaruzzaman # Kazi Linchon # Mahmudullah #
Abdus Samad Azad Abdus Samad Azad ( bn, আব্দুস সামাদ আজাদ; 15 January 1922 – 27 April 2005) was a Bangladeshi diplomat and politician. He was elected to Bangladesh's parliament five times from 1970 to 2001. He was also elected Mem ...
# M. Yousuf Ali # Phani Bhushan Majumder #
Kamal Hossain Kamal Hossain (born 20 April 1937) is a founding leader, lawyer and politician of Bangladesh. He is known as the "father of the Bangladeshi constitution" and regarded as an icon of secular democracy in the Indian subcontinent. Hossain currently ...
# Muhammad Sohrab Hossain #
Abdur Rab Serniabat Abdur Rob Serniabat (1921-1975) was a Bangladeshi politician and the former water resources minister. He was the brother-in-law of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, founding father of Bangladesh, and the maternal uncle of Sheikh Hasina, the four-time prim ...
# Manaranjan Dhar # Abdul Matin # Asaduzzanan # Md Korban Ali # Dr. Azizul Rahman Mallik # Dr. Muzaffar Ahmed Chowdhury #
Tofael Ahmed Tofail Ahmed (born 22 October 1943) is a Bangladeshi politician. He is a 7-term Jatiya Sangsad member representing the Bhola-1, Bhola-2 and Bakerganj-1 constituencies since 1973. Previously he served as the Minister of Commerce and Minister of ...
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Shah Moazzam Hossain Shah Moazzem Hossain (known as SM Hossain; 10 January 1939 – 14 September 2022) was a Bangladesh Nationalist Party politician and the last Deputy Prime Minister of Bangladesh. He was elected as the Jatiya Sangsad member representing the Rangpu ...
# Abdul Momin Talukdar #
Dewan Farid Gazi Dewan Farid Gazi ( bn, দেওয়ান ফরিদ গাজী; 1 March 1924– 19 November 2010) was a Bangladeshi politician born in Devpara, Nabiganj Upazila, Sylhet. He was elected as Member of Parliament for the Habiganj-1 (Nabi ...
# Professor Nurul Islam Choudhry #
Taheruddin Thakur Taheruddin Thakur (died 17 February 2009) was a Bangladeshi politician. He served as the Minister of State for Information at the cabinet of President Sheikh Mujibur Rahman. Career Thakur was arrested on 14 August 1996 for the charge of assassi ...
# Moslemuddin Khan # Professor Abu Sayeed #
Nurul Islam Manzur Nurul Islam Manzur ( bn, নূরুল ইসলাম মঞ্জুর; 26 May 1936 – 26 May 2020) was a former Bangladesh Awami League politician and the former State Minister of Communication in the cabinet of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman ...
# KM Obaidur Rahman # Dr. Khitish Chandra Mandal # Reazuddin Ahmad # M. Baitullah # Rahul Quddus (Secretary) #
Zillur Rahman Mohammed Zillur Rahman (9 March 1929 – 20 March 2013) was the President of Bangladesh from 2009 to 2013. He was also a senior presidium member of the Awami League. He is the third president of Bangladesh, after Sheikh Mujibur Rahman and Ziaur ...
# Mohiuddin Ahmad MP # Sheikh Fazlul Haque Mani # Abdur Razzaq # Sheikh Shahidul Islam # Anwar Choudhry #
Syeda Sajeda Chowdhury Syeda Sajeda Chowdhury (8 May 1935 – 11 September 2022) was a Bangladeshi politician. She served as a Jatiya Sangsad member representing the Faridpur-2 constituency from 2008 till her death in 2022. She also served as the Environment and Fores ...
# Taslima Abed # Abdur Rahim # Abdul Awal # Lutfur Rahman # A.K. Muzibur Rahman # Dr. Mofiz Choudhry # Dr. Alauddin Ahammad # Dr. Ahsanul Haq # Raushan Ali # Azizur Rahman Akkas #
Sheikh Abdul Aziz Sheikh Abdul Aziz (1952 – 11 August 2008) was chairman of the Jammu Kashmir Peoples League and a prominent member of the All Parties Hurriyat Conference, an alliance of Kashmiri separatist groups at the forefront of the political struggle again ...
# Salahuddin Yusuf # Michael Sushil Adhikari # Kazi Abdul Hakim # Mollah Jalaluddin # Shamsuddin Mollah # Gour Chandra Bala # Gazi Ghulam Mustafa # Shamsul Haq # Shamsuzzoha # Rafiqueuddin Bhuiya # Syed Ahmad # Shamsur Rahman Khan Shahjahan # Nurul Haq # Kazi Zahirul Qayyum # Capt.(Retd) Sujjat Ali # M.R. Siddiqui # MA Wahab #
Chittaranjan Sutar Chittaranjan Sutar (23 March 1928 - 27 November 2002) is a Bangladeshi politician and former Member of Parliament of Bangladesh from Bakerganj-14 (now Pirojpur-1). Biography Suttar was an Awami League politician, he was sent to India to act a ...
, # Sayeda Razia Banu # Ataur Rahman Khan # Khandakar Muhammad Illyas # Mong Pru Saire # Professor Muzaffar Ahmed Chowdhury # Ataur Rahman # Pir Habibur Rahman # Syed Altaf Hossain # Muhammad Farhad #
Matia Chowdhury Matia Chowdhury (born 30 June 1942) is a Bangladeshi politician serving as the incumbent Deputy Leader of the House, and the incumbent Member of Parliament from Sherpur-2. She was the Minister of Agriculture under the first, second and third pre ...
# Hazi Danesh # Taufiq Inam (Secretary) # Nurul Islam (Secretary) # Fayezuddin Ahmed (Secretary) # Mahbubur Rahman (Secretary) # Abdul Khaleque # Muzibul Haq (Secretary) # Abdur Rahim (Secretary) # Moinul Islam (Secretary) # Sayeeduzzaman (Secretary) # Anisuzzaman (Secretary) # Dr. A. Sattar (Secretary) # M.A Samad (Secretary) # Abu Tahir (Secretary) # Al Hossaini (Secretary) # Dr Tajul Hossain (Secretary) # Motiur Rahman. Chairman of Trading Corporation of Bangladesh # Maj. Gen K.M. Safiullah # Air Vice Marshal Abdul Karim Khandker # Commodore M.H. Khan # Maj Gen. Khalilur Rahman # A.K. Naziruddin Ahmed # Dr.
Abdul Matin Chowdhury Abdul Matin Chowdhury (1 May 1921 – 24 June 1981) was a Bangladeshi academic and physicist. He served as the 14th Vice-chancellor of the University of Dhaka. Education Chowdhury passed entrance examination from Arunchandra High School in No ...
# Dr. Mazharul Islam # Dr. Sramul Haq # Badal Ghosh # ATM Syed Hossain # Nurul Islam # Dr. Nilima Ibrahim # Dr. Nurul Islam PG Hospital #
Obaidul Huq Obaidul Huq (31 October 1911 – 13 October 2007) was a Bangladeshi journalist, cinematographer, playwright and writer. He was awarded Ekushey Padak in 1981 by the Government of Bangladesh. Early life and education Huq was born to Bazlul Huq K ...
Editor
Observer An observer is one who engages in observation or in watching an experiment. Observer may also refer to: Computer science and information theory * In information theory, any system which receives information from an object * State observer in co ...
# Anwar Hossain Manju Editor Ittefaq # Mizanur Rahman Editor Bangladesh Press International # Manawarul Islam # Abu Thaer Bhuiyan # Brig. A. N. M. Nuruzzaman DG Jatiya Rakkhi Bahini # Kamruzzaman teachers Association # Dr. Mazhar Ali Kadri


Activities

Many restrictive regulations coming from BaKSAL included the promulgation of the Newspaper Ordinance (June 1975; Annulment of Declaration) under which the declarations of all but four state owned newspapers were annulled. The Fourth Amendment was a direct attack on
press freedom Freedom of the press or freedom of the media is the fundamental principle that communication and expression through various media, including printed and electronic media, especially published materials, should be considered a right to be exerc ...
which allowed only the ''
Dainik Bangla ''Dainik Bangla'' is a Bengali-language daily newspaper in Bangladesh. The newspaper was closed in 1997 and was later revived on 4 September 2022 by an editorial panel led by Nazrul Islam Mazumder and Chowdhury Nafeez Sharafat. History ''Dainik P ...
'', ''
Bangladesh Observer ''The Bangladesh Observer'', founded by Hamidul Huq Choudhury in 1949, was the oldest, continuously published English-language daily newspaper in Bangladesh until it ceased publication in June 2010. History Since its inception as ''The Pakista ...
'', '' The Daily Ittefaq'', and '' Bangladesh Times'' to continue their publication and banned the rest of the press and newspaper industries. It brought the whole news media completely under the absolute control of the government.


Dissolution

The party contested in 1986 general election using "Boat" symbol and later in 1991 general election using "Bicycle" symbol.The party carried out independently until 1990s, when almost all of its party leaders deserted the organisation to merge with the
Bangladesh Awami League Bangladesh (}, ), officially the People's Republic of Bangladesh, is a country in South Asia. It is the eighth-most populous country in the world, with a population exceeding 165 million people in an area of . Bangladesh is among the mos ...
.


Legacy

Lawrence Lifschultz wrote in the ''
Far Eastern Economic Review The ''Far Eastern Economic Review'' (''FEER'') was an Asian business magazine published between 1946 and December 2009 in the English language. Based in Hong Kong, the news magazine published weekly until December 2004, when it converted to a m ...
'' in 1974 that Bangladeshis thought that "the corruption and malpractices and plunder of national wealth" was "unprecedented".


References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Baksal 1975 disestablishments in Bangladesh 1975 establishments in Bangladesh Bangladesh Awami League Defunct left-wing political party alliances Defunct political party alliances in Bangladesh Parties of one-party systems Political parties disestablished in 1975 Political parties established in 1975 Popular fronts Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Socialist parties in Bangladesh