''Bythinella'' is a
genus of very small
freshwater snail
Freshwater snails are gastropod mollusks which live in fresh water. There are many different families. They are found throughout the world in various habitats, ranging from ephemeral pools to the largest lakes, and from small seeps and springs ...
s, an
aquatic gastropod
The gastropods (), commonly known as snails and slugs, belong to a large taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda ().
This class comprises snails and slugs from saltwater, from freshwater, and from land. T ...
mollusk in the
family Bythinellidae
Bythinellidae is a family of small freshwater snails with an operculum, aquatic gastropod molluscs in the order Littorinimorpha
Littorinimorpha is a large order of snails, gastropods, consisting primarily of sea snails (marine species), ...
(according to the
taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005).
These
gonochoristic
In biology, gonochorism is a sexual system where there are only two sexes and each individual organism is either male or female. The term gonochorism is usually applied in animal species, the vast majority of which are gonochoric.
Gonochorism c ...
snails are small animals, with a shell length of about 2–4 mm.
[Bichain ''et al.'' (2007)] ''
Amnicola
''Amnicola'' is a genus of very small freshwater snails which have an operculum. ''Amnicola'' species are aquatic prosobranch gastropod mollusks in the family Amnicolidae according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda (Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005).
'' ...
'' is a close relative, containing
North American snails with essentially similar appearance and
ecology. The
scientific name
In taxonomy, binomial nomenclature ("two-term naming system"), also called nomenclature ("two-name naming system") or binary nomenclature, is a formal system of naming species of living things by giving each a name composed of two parts, bot ...
means "small ''
Bithynia
Bithynia (; Koine Greek: , ''Bithynía'') was an ancient region, kingdom and Roman province in the northwest of Asia Minor (present-day Turkey), adjoining the Sea of Marmara, the Bosporus, and the Black Sea. It bordered Mysia to the southwest, Pa ...
''"; the latter snail genus is somewhat similar at a casual glance (though much larger) but not at all closely related among the
Rissooidea
Rissooidea, originally named Rissoacea by Gray, 1847, is a taxonomic superfamily of small and minute marine snails, belonging to the clade Littorinimorpha.Gofas, S. (2013). Rissooidea. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at htt ...
.
Distribution
The present genus occurs in
spring
Spring(s) may refer to:
Common uses
* Spring (season), a season of the year
* Spring (device), a mechanical device that stores energy
* Spring (hydrology), a natural source of water
* Spring (mathematics), a geometric surface in the shape of a ...
s, and sometimes
caves or
groundwater, from
Catalonia across central
Europe to the
Aegean Region
The Aegean Region () is one of the 7 Geographical regions of Turkey, geographical regions of Turkey. The largest city in the region is İzmir. Other big cities are Manisa, Aydın, Denizli, Muğla, Afyonkarahisar and Kütahya.
Located in w ...
of
Turkey. In and around
France a particularly high diversity of these snails is found. Due to the limited range and special and easily destroyed
habitat, these snails are liable to become
endangered species
An endangered species is a species that is very likely to become extinct in the near future, either worldwide or in a particular political jurisdiction. Endangered species may be at risk due to factors such as habitat loss, poaching and inv ...
.
Species
More than 80
species and
subspecies
In biological classification, subspecies is a rank below species, used for populations that live in different areas and vary in size, shape, or other physical characteristics (morphology), but that can successfully interbreed. Not all species ...
are recognized at present. However, it is not at all clear that all of those recognized as good species are actually that distinct, and some in fact seem to be local
morph
Morph may refer to:
Biology
* Morph (zoology), a visual or behavioral difference between organisms of distinct populations in a species
* Muller's morphs, a classification scheme for genetic mutations
* "-morph", a suffix commonly used in tax ...
s instead of valid
taxa. Some undescribed species are also known to exist.
* ''
Bythinella anatolica'' Yıldırım, Kebapçı & Bahadır Koca, 2015
* ''
Bythinella aneliae
''Bythinella'' is a genus of very small freshwater snails, an aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family Bythinellidae (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005).
These gonochoristic snails are small animals, with a ...
'' Georgiev & Stoycheva, 2011
* ''
Bythinella angelovi
''Bythinella'' is a genus of very small freshwater snails, an aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family Bythinellidae (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005).
These gonochoristic snails are small animals, with a ...
'' Glöer & Georgiev, 2011
* ''
Bythinella anianensis'' (Paladilhe, 1870)
* ''
Bythinella austriaca
''Bythinella austriaca'' is a species of very small freshwater snail with an operculum, an aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family Amnicolidae.
Distribution
The distribution of this species is Carpathian ( eastern alpine and Carpathian).
...
'' (Frauenfeld, 1856)
* ''
Bythinella badensis''
* ''
Bythinella bavarica''
* † ''
Bythinella bearnensis'' Cossmann & Peyrot, 1918
* ''
Bythinella bicarinata
''Bythinella bicarinata'' is a species of very small freshwater snail, an aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family Amnicolidae.
Shell description
The shell of this species measures about 2.2–2.6 mm long and has a pupoidal shape (shaped ...
'' - synonyms: ''B. dunkeri'', ''B. lalindei'', ''B. moulinsii'', ''B. poujolensis''
* ''
Bythinella blidariensis
''Bythinella'' is a genus of very small freshwater snails, an aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family Bythinellidae (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005).
These gonochoristic snails are small animals, with ...
'' Glöer, 2013
* ''
Bythinella bouldouyrensis'' Girardi, 2015
* ''
Bythinella bouloti'' Girardi, Bichain & Wienin, 2002
[ Girardi H., Bichain J. M. & Wienin M. (2002) "Description de deux nouvelles espèces de Bythinella (Mollusca: Caenogastropoda: Hydrobiidae) de l’exsurgence de Castelbouc (Lozère, France)". ''Documents Malacologiques'' 3: 43-54. ]
* ''
Bythinella calimanica
''Bythinella'' is a genus of very small freshwater snails, an aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family Bythinellidae (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005).
These gonochoristic snails are small animals, with ...
'' Falniowski, Szarowska & Sirbu, 2009
* ''
Bythinella calquierensis'' Girardi & Boeters, 2015
* ''
Bythinella carcasonis'' Boeters & Falkner, 2008
* ''
Bythinella carinulata''
* ''
Bythinella cebennensis''
(Dupuy, 1851) - synonym: ''B. anianensis'')
* ''
Bythinella charpentieri
''Bythinella'' is a genus of very small freshwater snails, an aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family Bythinellidae (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005).
These gonochoristic snails are small animals, with a ...
'' (Roth, 1855)
* ''
Bythinella chinensis'' Liu & Zhang, 1979
* † ''
Bythinella contemta'' Brusina, 1897
* † ''
Bythinella cvijici'' Pavlović, 1935
* † ''
Bythinella cyclothyra'' (Boettger, 1869)
* ''
Bythinella cylindrica''
* ''
Bythinella dacica
''Bythinella'' is a genus of very small freshwater snails, an aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family Bythinellidae (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005).
These gonochoristic snails are small animals, with ...
'' Grossu, 1946
* † ''
Bythinella dalmatica'' Brusina, 1897
* ''
Bythinella dedovi
''Bythinella'' is a genus of very small freshwater snails, an aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family Bythinellidae (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005).
These gonochoristic snails are small animals, with a ...
'' Glöer & Georgiev, 2011
* ''
Bythinella dierckingi
''Bythinella'' is a genus of very small freshwater snails, an aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family Bythinellidae (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005).
These gonochoristic snails are small animals, with a ...
'' Glöer & Georgiev, 2011
* ''
Bythinella dispersa'' Radoman, 1976
* ''
Bythinella drimica'' Radoman, 1976
* ''
Bythinella dromensis'' Boeters & Falkner, 2008
* ''
Bythinella elenae'' Glöer & Georgiev, 2011
* † ''
Bythinella elongata'' Roshka, 1973
* † ''
Bythinella eugenii'' Jekelius, 1944
* ''
Bythinella eurystoma''
(Paladilhe, 1870)
* ''
Bythinella eutrepha'' (Paladilhe, 1867)
* † ''
Bythinella falloti
''Bythinella'' is a genus of very small freshwater snails, an aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family Bythinellidae (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005).
These gonochoristic snails are small animals, with a s ...
'' Degrange-Touzin, 1892
* ''
Bythinella falniowskii
''Bythinella'' is a genus of very small freshwater snails, an aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family Bythinellidae (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005).
These gonochoristic snails are small animals, with ...
'' Glöer, 2013
* ''
Bythinella feheri
''Bythinella'' is a genus of very small freshwater snails, an aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family Bythinellidae (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005).
These gonochoristic snails are small animals, with ...
'' Glöer, 2013
* ''
Bythinella friderici'' Boeters & Falkner, 2008
* ''
Bythinella galerae'' Girardi, Bichain & Wienin, 2002
* ''
Bythinella georgievi'' Glöer, 2013
* ''
Bythinella gibbosa'' (Moquin-Tandon, 1856)
* ''
Bythinella gloeeri'' Georgiev, 2009
* ''
Bythinella golemoensis'' Glöer & Mrkvicka, 2015
* ''
Bythinella gregoi'' Glöer & Erőss, 2015
* ''
Bythinella grossui'' Falniowski, Szarowska & Sirbu, 2009
* ''
Bythinella guranensis'' (Paladilhe, 1870)
* ''
Bythinella hansboetersi
''Bythinella'' is a genus of very small freshwater snails, an aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family Bythinellidae (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005).
These gonochoristic snails are small animals, with a s ...
'' Glöer & Pešić, 2006
* ''
Bythinella intermedia''
* ''
Bythinella istanbulensis
''Bythinella'' is a genus of very small freshwater snails, an aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family Bythinellidae (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005).
These gonochoristic snails are small animals, with a s ...
'' Yıldırım, Kebapçı & Yüce, 2015
* ''
Bythinella istoka'' Glöer & Pešić, 2014
* ''
Bythinella izvorica
''Bythinella'' is a genus of very small freshwater snails, an aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family Bythinellidae (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005).
These gonochoristic snails are small animals, with a s ...
'' Glöer & Georgiev, 2011
* ''
Bythinella kapelana'' Radoman, 1976
* ''
Bythinella kazdaghensis'' Odabaşi & Georgiev, 2014
* ''
Bythinella kleptuzica
''Bythinella'' is a genus of very small freshwater snails, an aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family Bythinellidae (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005).
These gonochoristic snails are small animals, with a s ...
'' Glöer & Georgiev, 2011
* ''
Bythinella lancevelei'' Locard, 1894
* ''
Bythinella luteola'' Radoman, 1976
* ''
Bythinella magdalenae'' Yıldırım, Kebapçı & Bahadır Koca, 2015
* ''
Bythinella magna'' Radoman, 1976
* ''
Bythinella major'' (Pascal, 1873)
* ''
Bythinella margritae'' Glöer & Georgiev, 2011
* ''
Bythinella marici'' Glöer & Pešić, 2014
* ''
Bythinella markovi'' Glöer & Georgiev, 2009
* † ''
Bythinella megarensis
''Bythinella'' is a genus of very small freshwater snails, an aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family Bythinellidae (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005).
These gonochoristic snails are small animals, with a s ...
'' Bukowski, 1896
* ''
Bythinella melovskii'' Glöer & Slavevska-Stamenković, 2015
* ''
Bythinella micherdzinskii
''Bythinella'' is a genus of very small freshwater snails, an aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family Bythinellidae (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005).
These gonochoristic snails are small animals, with a s ...
'' Falniowski, 1980
* ''
Bythinella molcsanyi'' H. Wagner, 1941
* ''
Bythinella muranyii'' Glöer & Erőss, 2015
* ''
Bythinella nipponica'' Mori, 1937
* ''
Bythinella nonveilleri'' Glöer, 2008
* ''
Bythinella occasiuncula'' Boeters & Falkner, 2001
* ''
Bythinella opaca'' (Gallenstein, 1848)
* ''
Bythinella pannonica''
* ''
Bythinella padiraci
''Bythinella padiraci'' is a species of very small freshwater snail, an aquatic gastropod
The gastropods (), commonly known as snails and slugs, belong to a large taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropo ...
''
* ''
Bythinella parvula'' Locard, 1893
* ''
Bythinella pesterica'' Glöer, 2008
* † ''
Bythinella polita'' (Pavlović, 1927)
* ''
Bythinella pupoides''
* ''
Bythinella radomani'' Falniowski, Szarowska & Sirbu, 2009
* ''
Bythinella ravnogorica'' Glöer & Georgiev, 2009
* ''
Bythinella rhodopensis'' Glöer & Georgiev, 2011
* ''
Bythinella rilaensis
''Bythinella'' is a genus of very small freshwater snails, an aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family Bythinellidae (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005).
These gonochoristic snails are small animals, with a s ...
'' Georgiev & Glöer, 2013
* ''
Bythinella robiciana''
* † ''
Bythinella rothi'' (Brusina, 1884)
* ''
Bythinella rouchi'' Boeters & Falkner, 2008
* ''
Bythinella rouveyrolensis'' Girardi, 2015
* ''
Bythinella rubiginosa''
(Boubee, 1833) - synonym: ''B. simoniana'')
* ''
Bythinella reyniesii
''Bythinella reyniesii'' is a species of very small freshwater snail, an Aquatic animal, aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family Amnicolidae.
Distribution
These snails live in spring (hydrosphere), springs. They were long believed to occur on ...
'' - synonyms: ''B. compressa'', ''B. parvula''
* ''
Bythinella samecana'' Clessin, 1911
* ''
Bythinella schmidtii
''Bythinella'' is a genus of very small freshwater snails, an aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family Bythinellidae (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005).
These gonochoristic snails are small animals, with a s ...
''
* † ''
Bythinella scitula
''Bythinella'' is a genus of very small freshwater snails, an aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family Bythinellidae (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005).
These gonochoristic snails are small animals, with a s ...
'' Brusina, 1892
* ''
Bythinella serborientalis
''Bythinella'' is a genus of very small freshwater snails, an aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family Bythinellidae (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005).
These gonochoristic snails are small animals, with a s ...
'' Radoman, 1976
* ''
Bythinella servainiana'' (Paladilhe, 1870)
* ''
Bythinella sirbui
''Bythinella'' is a genus of very small freshwater snails, an aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family Bythinellidae (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005).
These gonochoristic snails are small animals, with a s ...
'' Glöer, 2013
* ''
Bythinella slaveyae
''Bythinella'' is a genus of very small freshwater snails, an aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family Bythinellidae (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005).
These gonochoristic snails are small animals, with a s ...
'' Glöer & Georgiev, 2011
* ''
Bythinella smolyanica'' Glöer & Georgiev, 2011
* ''
Bythinella srednogorica'' Glöer & Georgiev, 2009
* ''
Bythinella stoychevae'' Georgiev, 2011
* ''
Bythinella syntriculus'' Boeters & Falkner, 2008
* ''
Bythinella szarowskae'' Glöer, 2013
* ''
Bythinella taraensis'' Glöer & Pešić, 2010
* ''
Bythinella temelkovi'' Georgiev & Glöer, 2014
* ''
Bythinella thermophila'' Glöer, Varga & Mrkvicka, 2015
* ''
Bythinella turca'' (Radoman, 1976)
* ''
Bythinella ullaensis'' Boeters & Falkner, 2008
* ''
Bythinella valkanovi
''Bythinella'' is a genus of very small freshwater snails, an aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family Bythinellidae (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005).
These gonochoristic snails are small animals, with a s ...
'' Glöer & Georgiev, 2011
* ''
Bythinella vesontiana''
* ''
Bythinella utriculus''
(Paladilhe, 1874)
* ''
Bythinella viridis'' (Poiret, 1801)
* ''
Bythinella viseuiana'' Falniowski, Szarowska & Sirbu, 2009
* † ''
Bythinella vitrellaeformis'' Lörenthey, 1902
* ''
Bythinella walkeri'' Glöer & Georgiev, 2009
* ''
Bythinella wantanensis'' Kang, 1983
* ''
Bythinella wilkei'' Yıldırım, Kebapçı & Bahadır Koca, 2015
* ''
Bythinella wufengensis'' Kang, 1983
* ''Bythinella'' sp. 'Dufort-Lacapelette'
* ''Bythinella'' sp. 'Padirac'
* ''Bythinella'' sp. 'Rogues'
* ''
Bythinella bertrandi'' Bernasconi, 2000
* ''
Bythinella jourdei'' Bernasconi, 2000
* ''
Bythinella pujolensis'' Bernasconi, 2000
* ''
Bythinella rondelaudi'' Bernasconi, 2000
* ''
Bythinella troyana'' Bernasconi, 2000
* ''
Bythinella vimperei
''Bythinella'' is a genus of very small freshwater snails, an aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family Bythinellidae (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005).
These gonochoristic snails are small animals, with a s ...
'' Bernasconi, 2000
* ''
Bythinella wawrzineki'' Bernasconi, 2002
* ''
Bythinella geisserti'' Boeters & Falkner, 2003
Footnotes
References
* (2007): A gleam in the dark: Phylogenetic species delimitation in the confusing spring-snail genus ''Bythinella'' Moquin-Tandon, 1856 (Gastropoda: Rissooidea: Amnicolidae). ''
Mol. Phylogenet. Evol.'' 45(3): 927–941.
PDF fulltext
External links
{{Taxonbar, from=Q2929206
Taxonomy articles created by Polbot
Gastropod genera