''Byrsonima'' is one of about 75

genera Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial nomenclat ...

in the

Malpighiaceae Malpighiaceae is a family of flowering plants in the order Malpighiales. It comprises about 73 genera and 1315 species, all of which are native to the tropics and subtropics. About 80% of the genera and 90% of the species occur in the New World ( ...

, a

family Family (from la, familia) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its ...

flowering plant Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae (), commonly called angiosperms. The term "angiosperm" is derived from the Greek words ('container, vessel') and ('seed'), and refers to those plants th ...

s in the order Malpighiales. In particular in

American English American English, sometimes called United States English or U.S. English, is the set of variety (linguistics), varieties of the English language native to the United States. English is the Languages of the United States, most widely spoken lan ...

, they are known as locustberries (which also may refer specifically to '' Byrsonima coccolobifolia'' or ''

Byrsonima lucida ''Byrsonima lucida'' is a species of plant in the Malpighiaceae family. It is endemic to islands in the Caribbean and to the U.S. state of Florida. It is a shrub or small tree, and produces pink flowers. Its natural habitat is hammocks in dry l ...

''). Another widely seen common name is serrets or serrettes. Nanche

''Byrsonima'' comprises over 135

species In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate s ...

tree In botany, a tree is a perennial plant with an elongated stem, or trunk, usually supporting branches and leaves. In some usages, the definition of a tree may be narrower, including only woody plants with secondary growth, plants that are ...

shrub A shrub (often also called a bush) is a small-to-medium-sized perennial woody plant. Unlike herbaceous plants, shrubs have persistent woody stems above the ground. Shrubs can be either deciduous or evergreen. They are distinguished from trees ...

s, and

subshrub A subshrub (Latin ''suffrutex'') or dwarf shrub is a short shrub, and is a woody plant. Prostrate shrub is a related term. "Subshrub" is often used interchangeably with "bush".Jackson, Benjamin, Daydon; A Glossary of Botanic Terms with their Der ...

s found in the

New World The term ''New World'' is often used to mean the majority of Earth's Western Hemisphere, specifically the Americas."America." ''The Oxford Companion to the English Language'' (). McArthur, Tom, ed., 1992. New York: Oxford University Press, p. 3 ...

tropics The tropics are the regions of Earth surrounding the Equator. They are defined in latitude by the Tropic of Cancer in the Northern Hemisphere at N and the Tropic of Capricorn in the Southern Hemisphere at S. The tropics are also referred to ...

and

subtropics The subtropical zones or subtropics are geographical and climate zones to the north and south of the tropics. Geographically part of the temperate zones of both hemispheres, they cover the middle latitudes from to approximately 35° north and ...

from southern

Mexico Mexico (Spanish: México), officially the United Mexican States, is a country in the southern portion of North America. It is bordered to the north by the United States; to the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; to the southeast by Guatema ...

, southeastern

Florida Florida is a state located in the Southeastern region of the United States. Florida is bordered to the west by the Gulf of Mexico, to the northwest by Alabama, to the north by Georgia, to the east by the Bahamas and Atlantic Ocean, and to ...

, and the

Caribbean The Caribbean (, ) ( es, El Caribe; french: la Caraïbe; ht, Karayib; nl, De Caraïben) is a region of the Americas that consists of the Caribbean Sea, its islands (some surrounded by the Caribbean Sea and some bordering both the Caribbean Se ...

to southeastern

Brazil Brazil ( pt, Brasil; ), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: ), is the largest country in both South America and Latin America. At and with over 217 million people, Brazil is the world's fifth-largest country by area ...

. The plants have entire leaves, yellow flowers, and fleshy, edible fruits called nance; '' B. crassifolia'' in particular is known by that name, as it is an

underutilized crop Neglected and underutilized crops are terms used to describe domesticated plant species used in previous centuries for food, fibre, fodder, oil or medicinal properties, but which have in recent times, been reduced in importance and value for vario ...

of some commercial importance in

Latin America Latin America or * french: Amérique Latine, link=no * ht, Amerik Latin, link=no * pt, América Latina, link=no, name=a, sometimes referred to as LatAm is a large cultural region in the Americas where Romance languages — languages derived f ...

. They are primarily pollinated by various

oligolectic The term oligolecty is used in pollination ecology to refer to bees that exhibit a narrow, specialized preference for pollen sources, typically to a single family or genus of flowering plants. The preference may occasionally extend broadly to mult ...

native bees (e.g., '' Centris'', '' Epicharis'', and '' Tetrapedia'') that are specialized to collect floral oils, as the flowers do not offer the typical floral rewards. The fruits of serrette trees are important in the diets of certain wildlife, such as the

golden conure The golden parakeet or golden conure, (''Guaruba guarouba''), is a medium-sized golden-yellow Neotropical parrot native to the Amazon Basin of interior northern Brazil. It is the only species placed in the genus ''Guaruba''. Its plumage is most ...

(''Guaruba guarouba''), while the leaves of ''Byrsonima'' are food for some of the curious

American moth-butterflies Hedylidae, the "American moth-butterflies", is a family of insects in the order Lepidoptera, representing the superfamily Hedyloidea. They have traditionally been viewed as an extant sister group of the butterfly superfamily Papilionoidea. In ...

(Hedylidae). Plantings of ''B. crassifolia'' in the dry

savanna A savanna or savannah is a mixed woodland-grassland (i.e. grassy woodland) ecosystem characterised by the trees being sufficiently widely spaced so that the canopy does not close. The open canopy allows sufficient light to reach the ground to ...

s of

Oaxaca Oaxaca ( , also , , from nci, Huāxyacac ), officially the Free and Sovereign State of Oaxaca ( es, Estado Libre y Soberano de Oaxaca), is one of the 32 states that compose the political divisions of Mexico, Federative Entities of Mexico. It is ...

may even be suitable as substitute habitat for the

Tehuantepec jackrabbit The Tehuantepec jackrabbit (''Lepus flavigularis'') is a jackrabbit endemic to Mexico. Description It is easily distinguished from other species by two black stripes that run from the base of the ears to the nape, and by its white flanks. Its un ...

(''Lepus flavigularis''), an

endangered species An endangered species is a species that is very likely to become extinct in the near future, either worldwide or in a particular political jurisdiction. Endangered species may be at risk due to factors such as habitat loss, poaching and inv ...

presently only found in three small relict populations. '' Maricao'' (''B. spicata'') is the namesake tree and floral emblem of

Maricao, Puerto Rico Maricao () is a Maricao barrio-pueblo, town and the second-least populous Municipalities of Puerto Rico, municipality of Puerto Rico; it is located at the western edge of the Cordillera Central, Puerto Rico, Cordillera Central. It is a small town ...

, and figured on the

coat of arms A coat of arms is a heraldry, heraldic communication design, visual design on an escutcheon (heraldry), escutcheon (i.e., shield), surcoat, or tabard (the latter two being outer garments). The coat of arms on an escutcheon forms the central ele ...

of this city.

Selected species

* ''

Byrsonima basiloba ''Byrsonima basiloba'' is a species of plant Plants are predominantly photosynthetic eukaryotes of the kingdom Plantae. Historically, the plant kingdom encompassed all living things that were not animals, and included algae and fungi; ...

A.Juss. Adrien-Henri de Jussieu (23 December 1797 – 29 June 1853) was a French botanist. Born in Paris as the son of botanist Antoine Laurent de Jussieu, he received the degree of Doctor of Medicine in 1824 with a treatise of the plant family Euph ...

* '' Byrsonima coccolobifolia'' (

Spreng. Kurt Polycarp Joachim Sprengel (3 August 1766 – 15 March 1833) was a German botanist and physician who published an influential multivolume history of medicine, ''Versuch einer pragmatischen Geschichte der Arzneikunde'' (1792–99 in four vo ...

) Kunth * '' Byrsonima coriacea'' ( L.) Kunth * '' Byrsonima crassa''

Nied. Franz Josef Niedenzu (29 November 1857 – 30 September 1937) was a German botanist born in Köppernig. He is remembered for his work with the botanical family Malpighiaceae. For most of his career he was a professor and subsequently rector a ...

* '' Byrsonima crassifolia'' (L.) Kunth – nance, savanna serrette, golden spoon, ''murici, muruci'' (Brazil), ''nanche'' (Mexico) * '' Byrsonima crispa''

* '' Byrsonima cydonaefolia''

* '' Byrsonima horneana'' Britton & Small (

Puerto Rico Puerto Rico (; abbreviated PR; tnq, Boriken, ''Borinquen''), officially the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico ( es, link=yes, Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico, lit=Free Associated State of Puerto Rico), is a Caribbean island and Unincorporated ...

) * ''

Byrsonima intermedia ''Byrsonima intermedia'' is a species of plant in the Malpighiaceae family. It is found in Brazil and Paraguay. References External links * * intermedia Intermedia is an art theory term coined in the mid-1960s by Fluxus artist Dic ...

* '' Byrsonima laxiflora'' Griseb. * '' Byrsonima laevigata'' (Poir.) DC. * ''

'' (Mill.) DC. – locustberry, clam cherry, gooseberry * '' Byrsonima myricifolia'' Griseb. * '' Byrsonima ophiticola'' Small ex Britton (Puerto Rico) * ''

Byrsonima sericea ''Byrsonima sericea'' is a species of semi-deciduous tree native to Brazil, Bolivia, Peru, Guyana, and French Guiana. Description The tree is medium-sized and usually grows 6–18 meters tall. Flowers are tall orange plumes which develop into sm ...

'' A.Juss. * ''

Byrsonima spicata ''Byrsonima'' is one of about 75 genera in the Malpighiaceae, a family (biology), family of flowering plants in the order Malpighiales. In particular in American English, they are known as locustberries (which also may refer specifically to ''Brs ...

'' (Cav.) DC. – ''maricao'' * '' Byrsonima subterranea'' Brade et

Markgr. Friedrich Markgraf (1 February 1897 in Berlin-Friedenau – 8 March 1987 in Zurich) was a German botanist. Life and work After secondary school, Markgraf studied biology at the Friedrich Wilhelm University Berlin. In 1922 he was awarded a ...

* ''

Byrsonima tuberosa ''Byrsonima'' is one of about 75 genera in the Malpighiaceae, a family of flowering plants in the order Malpighiales. In particular in American English, they are known as locustberries (which also may refer specifically to '' Byrsonima coccolobif ...

'' * ''

Byrsonima variabilis ''Byrsonima'' is one of about 75 genera in the Malpighiaceae, a family of flowering plants in the order Malpighiales. In particular in American English, they are known as locustberries (which also may refer specifically to '' Byrsonima coccolobif ...

'' A.Juss. * ''

Byrsonima verbascifolia ''Byrsonima'' is one of about 75 genera in the Malpighiaceae, a family of flowering plants in the order Malpighiales. In particular in American English, they are known as locustberries (which also may refer specifically to '' Byrsonima coccolobif ...

'' ( L.) Rich. ex

Juss. Antoine Laurent de Jussieu (; 12 April 1748 – 17 September 1836) was a French botanist, notable as the first to publish a natural classification of flowering plants; much of his system remains in use today. His classification was based on an e ...

References

External links

Malpighiaceae
Malpighiaceae - description, taxonomy, phylogeny, and nomenclature

Malpighiaceae genera {{Malpighiaceae-stub