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The Buxheim Organ Book (
German German(s) may refer to: * Germany (of or related to) **Germania (historical use) * Germans, citizens of Germany, people of German ancestry, or native speakers of the German language ** For citizens of Germany, see also German nationality law **Ger ...
: ''Buxheimer Orgelbuch'') is a manuscript created around 1460/1470 with 256 original compositions and arrangements for keyboard instruments for the
Buxheim Charterhouse Buxheim Charterhouse (german: Reichskartause Buxheim) was formerly a monastery of the Carthusians (the largest charterhouse in GermanyKlöster in Bayern: Buxheim) and is now a monastery of the Salesians. It is situated in Buxheim near Memmingen i ...
in
Germany Germany,, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It is the second most populous country in Europe after Russia, and the most populous member state of the European Union. Germany is situated betwe ...
, in today's district of
Unterallgäu Unterallgäu is a Districts of Germany, ''Landkreis'' (district) in Swabia (Bavaria), Swabia, Bavaria, Germany. Neighboring districts are (from the north clockwise) Neu-Ulm (district), Neu-Ulm, Günzburg (district), Günzburg, Augsburg (district), ...
. Most of the composers are anonymous, but some are also known composers of the time (e.g.
John Dunstable John Dunstaple (or Dunstable, – 24 December 1453) was an English composer whose music helped inaugurate the transition from the medieval to the Renaissance periods. The central proponent of the ''Contenance angloise'' style (), Dunstaple was ...
,
Guillaume Du Fay Guillaume Du Fay ( , ; also Dufay, Du Fayt; 5 August 1397(?) – 27 November 1474) was a French composer and music theorist of the early Renaissance. Considered the leading European composer of his time, his music was widely performed and repr ...
,
Gilles Binchois Gilles de Bins dit Binchois (also Binchoys; – 20 September 1460) was a Franco-Flemish composer of early Renaissance music. A central figure of the Burgundian School, Binchois and his colleague Guillaume Du Fay were deeply influenced by the ...
,
Walter Frye Walter Frye (died 1474?) was an English composer of the early Renaissance. Life Nothing certain is known about his life. He may have been a "Walter Cantor" at Ely Cathedral between 1443 and 1466, and he may have been the Walter Frye who joined ...
,
Conrad Paumann Conrad Paumann (c. 1410January 24, 1473) was a German organist, lutenist and composer of the early Renaissance. A blind musician, he was one of the most talented musicians of the 15th century, and his performances created a sensation wherever h ...
).


Structure

In addition to arrangements of secular chansons, dances and songs, it contains about fifty pieces of liturgical character and about thirty preludes, in which rhapsodic-figurative and purely chordal parts alternate. The pieces are mostly two- and three-part, but several are four-part. The research is still at odds with the origins of the Buxheim Organ Book. There are no records of its use, so it can therefore be regarded as a transcript for teaching (or illustration) purposes. Presumably it came from a writer from the southern German area and was in the possession of the Buxheim Charterhouse near
Memmingen Memmingen (; Swabian: ''Memmenge'') is a town in Swabia, Bavaria, Germany. It is the economic, educational and administrative centre of the Danube-Iller region. To the west the town is flanked by the Iller, the river that marks the Baden-Wü ...
from 16th century and until 1883, when it was offered for sale and has been owned by the
Bavarian State Library The Bavarian State Library (german: Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, abbreviated BSB, called ''Bibliotheca Regia Monacensis'' before 1919) in Munich is the central " Landesbibliothek", i. e. the state library of the Free State of Bavaria, the bigg ...
in
Munich Munich ( ; german: München ; bar, Minga ) is the capital and most populous city of the States of Germany, German state of Bavaria. With a population of 1,558,395 inhabitants as of 31 July 2020, it is the List of cities in Germany by popu ...
since then. The manuscript is often attributed to
Conrad Paumann Conrad Paumann (c. 1410January 24, 1473) was a German organist, lutenist and composer of the early Renaissance. A blind musician, he was one of the most talented musicians of the 15th century, and his performances created a sensation wherever h ...
, because his "Fundamentum organisandi" is included in its entirety. This would mean that the manuscript originates from Munich, since from 1450 until his death in 1473, Paumann worked as a
Bavaria Bavaria ( ; ), officially the Free State of Bavaria (german: Freistaat Bayern, link=no ), is a state in the south-east of Germany. With an area of , Bavaria is the largest German state by land area, comprising roughly a fifth of the total lan ...
n court organist in Munich. Paumann's "Fundamentum organisandi" is also included in the
Lochamer-Liederbuch The ''Lochamer-Liederbuch'' (Lochamer Song Book or Locham Song Book) is an extensive collection of German songs at the transition from the late Middle Ages to the Renaissance. It dates from the mid-15th century and is regarded as one of the most i ...
, compiled around the same time. The tabular inscription of the Buxheim Organ Book consists of a seven-line system and letters, the so-called "older" German
organ tablature Organ tablature is a form of musical notation used by the north German Baroque organ school, although there are also forms of organ tablature from other countries such as Italy, Spain, Poland, and England. Portions of Johann Sebastian Bach's Orgelb ...
.


Discography

* ''Buxheimer Orgelbuch'' vol. 1, Joseph Payne, Berner Münster (1995
Naxos 8.553 466
* ''Buxheimer Orgelbuch'' vol. 2, Joseph Payne, Emmaus-Kapelle, Hatzfeld (1995
Naxos 8.553 467
* ''Buxheimer Orgelbuch'' vol. 3, Joseph Payne, Southern College of 7th-Day Adventists, Tennessee (1995
Naxos 8.553 468
* ''Das Buxheimer Orgelbuch'', Joseph Kelemen, Hofkirche Innsbruck (
SACD Super Audio CD (SACD) is an optical disc format for audio storage introduced in 1999. It was developed jointly by Sony and Philips, Philips Electronics and intended to be the successor to the Compact Disc (CD) format. The SACD format allows mul ...
, 2010
OehmsCalssics OC645


References


Further reading

Codex Faenza The ''Codex Faenza'' (Faenza, Biblioteca Comunale 117) abbreviated as "(I-FZc 117)", and sometimes known as ''Codex Bonadies'', is a 15th-century musical manuscript containing some of the oldest preserved keyboard music along with additional vocal ...


External links


Digital version
of ''Das Buxheimer Orgelbuch, Handschrift mus. 3725 in'' Bavarian State Library'','' Munich, hg. v. Bertha Antonia Wallner, Kassel u. Basel 1955 * Buxheimer Orgelbuch: in
International Music Score Library Project The International Music Score Library Project (IMSLP), also known as the Petrucci Music Library after publisher Ottaviano Petrucci, is a subscription-based digital library of public-domain music scores. The project, which uses MediaWiki software ...


Literature

* ''Lord R.S.'' The Buxheim Organ Book: a study in the history of organ music in Southern Germany during the fifteenth century. Diss., Yale University, 1960. * ''Southern E.'' The Buxheim Organ Book. New York, 1963. * ''Zöbeley H.R.'' Die Musik des Buxheimer Orgelbuchs. Spielvorgang, Niederschrift, Herkunft, Faktur // Münchner Veröffentlichungen zur Musikgeschichte, 10. Tutzing: H. Schneider, 1964. __FORCETOC__ {{Authority control Musical notation Organs (music) Keyboard instruments Renaissance music manuscript sources Renaissance music German music 15th-century books