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''Butyriboletus'' is a
The following species are recognized, though more may yet be described from Japan, Mexico and China.
*'' Butyriboletus abieticola''
*'' Butyriboletus appendiculatus''
*'' Butyriboletus autumniregius''
*'' Butyriboletus brunneus''
*'' Butyriboletus cepaeodoratus''
*'' Butyriboletus fechtneri''
*'' Butyriboletus floridanus''
*'' Butyriboletus frostii''
*'' Butyriboletus fuscoroseus''
*'' Butyriboletus huangnianlaii''
*'' Butyriboletus loyo''
*'' Butyriboletus peckii''
*'' Butyriboletus persolidus''
*'' Butyriboletus primiregius''
*'' Butyriboletus pulchriceps''
*'' Butyriboletus querciregius''
*'' Butyriboletus regius''
*'' Butyriboletus roseoflavus''
*'' Butyriboletus roseogriseus''
*'' Butyriboletus roseopurpureus''
*'' Butyriboletus sanicibus''
*'' Butyriboletus subappendiculatus''
*'' Butyriboletus ventricosus''
*'' Butyriboletus yicibus''
genus
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...
of fungi
A fungus ( : fungi or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified as a kingdom, separately from ...
in the family Boletaceae. The genus was circumscribed in 2014 by mycologists David Arora and Jonathan L. Frank to accommodate "butter bolete" species that were shown by molecular analysis
Genetic testing, also known as DNA testing, is used to identify changes in DNA sequence or chromosome structure. Genetic testing can also include measuring the results of genetic changes, such as RNA analysis as an output of gene expression, or ...
to be phylogenetically distinct from '' Boletus''. ''Butyriboletus'' contains 24 ectomycorrhiza
An ectomycorrhiza (from Greek ἐκτός ', "outside", μύκης ', "fungus", and ῥίζα ', "root"; pl. ectomycorrhizas or ectomycorrhizae, abbreviated EcM) is a form of symbiotic relationship that occurs between a fungal symbiont, or mycobi ...
l species found in Asia, Europe, North America and north Africa.
The group had earlier been classified as the section ''Appendiculati'' within the large genus ''Boletus''. They were given the common name "butter boletes" as the color of their stalk, flesh and pores was similar to that of butter. Genetic analysis
Genetic analysis is the overall process of studying and researching in fields of science that involve genetics and molecular biology. There are a number of applications that are developed from this research, and these are also considered parts of ...
published in 2013 shows that these species are part of a ''regius'' clade
A clade (), also known as a monophyletic group or natural group, is a group of organisms that are monophyletic – that is, composed of a common ancestor and all its lineal descendants – on a phylogenetic tree. Rather than the English term, ...
(named for '' B. regius''), distinct from the core group of the type species '' B. edulis'' and relatives within the Boletineae
The Boletineae are a suborder of the fungal order Boletales. Families in the Boletineae include the Boletaceae and the Paxillaceae.
Taxa
*Paxillaceae
**''Alpova''
**''Austrogaster''
**'' Gyrodon''
**''Hydnomerulius''
**'' Meiorganum''
**'' Mel ...
. The narrowing of ''Boletus'' to this latter group meant that this group would need to be placed in a separate genus, with ''Boletus appendiculatus'' (now '' Butyriboletus appendiculatus'') designated as the type species
In zoological nomenclature, a type species (''species typica'') is the species name with which the name of a genus or subgenus is considered to be permanently taxonomically associated, i.e., the species that contains the biological type specimen ...
. The genus name itself is derived from the Latin
Latin (, or , ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally a dialect spoken in the lower Tiber area (then known as Latium) around present-day Rome, but through the power of the ...
''butyrum'' "butter".
The butter boletes have red or brown caps, yellow pores and stipes that turn blue when cut or bruised in many species, and olive-brown spindle-shaped spores. Their flesh is usually mild tasting. '' Butyriboletus roseoflavus'' is a highly regarded edible mushroom sold in markets in southwestern and southeastern China, while two other species—'' B. yicibus'' and '' B. sanicibus''—are eaten to a lesser degree in Yunnan Province
Yunnan , () is a landlocked province in the southwest of the People's Republic of China. The province spans approximately and has a population of 48.3 million (as of 2018). The capital of the province is Kunming. The province borders the C ...
.
Species
The following species are recognized, though more may yet be described from Japan, Mexico and China.
*'' Butyriboletus abieticola''
*'' Butyriboletus appendiculatus''
*'' Butyriboletus autumniregius''
*'' Butyriboletus brunneus''
*'' Butyriboletus cepaeodoratus''
*'' Butyriboletus fechtneri''
*'' Butyriboletus floridanus''
*'' Butyriboletus frostii''
*'' Butyriboletus fuscoroseus''
*'' Butyriboletus huangnianlaii''
*'' Butyriboletus loyo''
*'' Butyriboletus peckii''
*'' Butyriboletus persolidus''
*'' Butyriboletus primiregius''
*'' Butyriboletus pulchriceps''
*'' Butyriboletus querciregius''
*'' Butyriboletus regius''
*'' Butyriboletus roseoflavus''
*'' Butyriboletus roseogriseus''
*'' Butyriboletus roseopurpureus''
*'' Butyriboletus sanicibus''
*'' Butyriboletus subappendiculatus''
*'' Butyriboletus ventricosus''
*'' Butyriboletus yicibus''
References
External links
* {{Taxonbar, from=Q17311833 Boletales genera