Burleydam is a small English village in the

civil parish In England, a civil parish is a type of administrative parish used for local government. It is a territorial designation which is the lowest tier of local government below districts and counties, or their combined form, the unitary authority ...

Dodcott cum Wilkesley Dodcott cum Wilkesley is a civil parishes in England, civil parish in the unitary authority of Cheshire East and the ceremonial county of Cheshire, England. The hamlet of Wilkesley (at ) lies 2½ miles to the west of Audlem and 7 miles to the sou ...

in the unitary authority of

Cheshire East Cheshire East is a unitary authority area with Borough status in the United Kingdom, borough status in the ceremonial county of Cheshire, England. The local authority is Cheshire East Council. Towns within the area include Crewe, Macclesfield, Co ...

and the ceremonial county of

Cheshire Cheshire ( ) is a ceremonial and historic county in North West England, bordered by Wales to the west, Merseyside and Greater Manchester to the north, Derbyshire to the east, and Staffordshire and Shropshire to the south. Cheshire's county t ...

, near the border with

Shropshire Shropshire (; alternatively Salop; abbreviated in print only as Shrops; demonym Salopian ) is a landlocked historic county in the West Midlands region of England. It is bordered by Wales to the west and the English counties of Cheshire to th ...

. It is on the A525. The nearest town is Whitchurch in Shropshire, around 8 km (5 miles) to the west; nearby small settlements include

Barnett Brook Barnett Brook is a hamlet in the Newhall and Dodcott cum Wilkesley civil parishes in the Cheshire East area of Cheshire, England. The hamlet is situated around a road bridge carrying Sheppenhall Lane across Barnett Brook, a tributary of the Rive ...

, Grindley Green and Royal's Green in Dodcott cum Wilkesley;

Dodd's Green Dodd's Green (also Dod's Green, Dodds Green and Doddsgreen) is a small settlement within the Civil parishes in England, civil parish of Newhall, Cheshire, Newhall in the Cheshire East division of the Ceremonial counties of England, ceremonial coun ...

and Newhall in Newhall civil parish; and Old Woodhouses and New Woodhouses in Shropshire. The land was granted to

Combermere Abbey Combermere Abbey is a former monastery, later a country house, near Burleydam, between Nantwich, Cheshire and Whitchurch in Shropshire, England, located within Cheshire and near the border with Shropshire. Initially Savigniac and later Cisterci ...

, a

Cistercian The Cistercians, () officially the Order of Cistercians ( la, (Sacer) Ordo Cisterciensis, abbreviated as OCist or SOCist), are a Catholic religious order of monks and nuns that branched off from the Benedictines and follow the Rule of Saint ...

monastery A monastery is a building or complex of buildings comprising the domestic quarters and workplaces of monastics, monks or nuns, whether living in communities or alone (hermits). A monastery generally includes a place reserved for prayer which ...

, at its foundation in 1133. The village lies at the south-east edge of Combermere Park, around 750 m to the south east of the main (Stone Lodge) entrance. It benefited from the patronage of the Cotton family, later the Viscounts Combermere, who gained the abbey and its estates after its

dissolution Dissolution may refer to: Arts and entertainment Books * ''Dissolution'' (''Forgotten Realms'' novel), a 2002 fantasy novel by Richard Lee Byers * ''Dissolution'' (Sansom novel), a 2003 historical novel by C. J. Sansom Music * Dissolution, in mu ...

History

The village is historically sometimes spelled Burladame, Burledam and Burley Dam.Latham, ed., p. 32 Land at Burleydam was part of the lands granted to the

at its foundation in 1133. After its

in 1538, the abbey's estate was given to Sir George Cotton; the family, later the Viscounts Combermere, remained major land owners in the area until the 20th century. They took the

Royalist A royalist supports a particular monarch as head of state for a particular kingdom, or of a particular dynastic claim. In the abstract, this position is royalism. It is distinct from monarchism, which advocates a monarchical system of governme ...

side in the

Civil War A civil war or intrastate war is a war between organized groups within the same state (or country). The aim of one side may be to take control of the country or a region, to achieve independence for a region, or to change government policies ...

, and Royalist troops under Lord Capell were quartered in Burleydam in 1643. The Combermere Arms dates from the mid-16th century, or earlier according to tradition; landlords are recorded from 1850.Latham, ed., pp. 98–99 The existing building is claimed to date in part from the late 17th and early 18th centuries. By 1820, the road through the village was the

toll road A toll road, also known as a turnpike or tollway, is a public or private road (almost always a controlled-access highway in the present day) for which a fee (or ''toll'') is assessed for passage. It is a form of road pricing typically implemented ...

to Whitchurch in Shropshire (now the A530/ A525), and the Combermere Arms became a popular

coaching inn The coaching inn (also coaching house or staging inn) was a vital part of Europe's inland transport infrastructure until the development of the railway, providing a resting point ( layover) for people and horses. The inn served the needs of tra ...

. In the 19th century, Burleydam Races occurred annually for three days, with a Race Ball being held at the Combermere Arms. Burleydam is recorded as an ecclesiastical parish in Daniel King's ''Vale Royal'' of 1656. A chapel at Burleydam, noted by

Francis Gastrell Francis Gastrell (10 May 1662 – 24 November 1725) was Bishop of Chester and a writer on deism. He was a friend of Jonathan Swift, mentioned several times in ''A Journal to Stella'', and chaplain to Robert Harley, when Harley was Speaker of th ...

in around 1720, was built after the dissolution by the Cotton family; it is said to have been unconsecrated, but had a curate and served the abbey and tenants. The present St Mary's and St Michael's Church was built by Sir Lynch Cotton in 1769, as a private chapel to the abbey.

Samuel Johnson Samuel Johnson (18 September 1709 – 13 December 1784), often called Dr Johnson, was an English writer who made lasting contributions as a poet, playwright, essayist, moralist, critic, biographer, editor and lexicographer. The ''Oxford ...

attended a service on 24 July 1774 while staying at the abbey. It became an

Anglican parish church A parish church in the Church of England is the church which acts as the religious centre for the people within each Church of England parish (the smallest and most basic Church of England administrative unit; since the 19th century sometimes ca ...

in 1869; the first incumbent, Revd Thomas Meredyth, had previously been the abbey's chaplain. Burials started in the churchyard the same year, with Lady Susan, wife of Wellington Stapleton-Cotton, Viscount Combermere, being the earliest burial.Latham, ed., pp. 71–72 The church was extended in 1886. The population of Burleydam in 1779 was assessed as approximately 15 people. The village had a school from around 1850 until 1974. In 1866, it was located behind the vicarage. A purpose-built school opened on 21 October 1872, on land donated by Viscount Combermere, and was extended in 1900 and 1913. The first head-teacher of the new school was Edward Storer and Joseph A. Warner held the post from 1893 to 1924. Both Lady Combermere and Lady Crossley (wife of Sir Kenneth Crossley, who purchased Combermere Abbey in 1919) were active in support. Pupil numbers increased from 21 in 1866, to 43 in 1872, with a peak of 144 in the 20th century, declining to 15 in 1974, when the school was closed.Latham, ed., pp. 93–94 Burleydam had a post office, mentioned in a gazetteer of 1870–72, which also served as a village shop. By 1908 it was located opposite the Combermere Arms. In the 1920s it was run by Mrs Whittle and later by Mr T. Lea.Latham, ed., p. 87, plate opposite p. 95 The doctor from nearby Wrenbury held twice-weekly surgeries in its back room. The building opposite the Combermere Arms was demolished in around 1960, and both post office and shop closed in the early 1970s.

Geography and economy

Burleydam is a small scattered settlement centred at , which stretches along the A525 (Whitchurch Road) at the junction with Dodd's Green Lane. The village is at an elevation of around 75 m. Two brooks, the Burley and the Walkmill, run through the village; one is crossed by Burleydam Bridge. The brooks join Barnett Brook, a tributary of the

River Weaver The River Weaver is a river, navigable in its lower reaches, running in a curving route anti-clockwise across west Cheshire, northern England. Improvements to the river to make it navigable were authorised in 1720 and the work, which included ...

.Cheshire Federation of Women's Institutes, pp. 46–47 The narrow strip of woodland of Walkmill Covert lies immediately to the north east of the village. Local businesses include Burleydam Nurseries in the village centre, which specialises in

chrysanthemum Chrysanthemums (), sometimes called mums or chrysanths, are flowering plants of the genus ''Chrysanthemum'' in the family Asteraceae. They are native to East Asia and northeastern Europe. Most species originate from East Asia and the center ...

s. In 1990,

dairy farming Dairy farming is a class of agriculture for long-term production of milk, which is processed (either on the farm or at a dairy plant, either of which may be called a dairy A dairy is a business enterprise established for the harvesting or ...

was a major employer; there are several farms near the village including Blue Bache Farm, Burleydam Farm, Goldsmith House Farm, Lower Farm and Rookery Farm.

Landmarks

The Combermere Arms is a traditional public house on the junction with Dodd's Green Lane, with oak beams and "beautiful panelling" on the interior. It is recommended by ''

The Good Pub Guide ''The Good Pub Guide'' is a long-running Restaurant rating, critical publication which lists and rates public houses (pubs) in the United Kingdom.poltergeist In ghostlore, a poltergeist ( or ; German for "rumbling ghost" or "noisy spirit") is a type of ghost or spirit that is responsible for physical disturbances, such as loud noises and objects being moved or destroyed. Most claims or fictional descr ...

-like spirit, which two clergymen tricked into entering a bottle which they then buried beneath the steps of the main entrance. In one version of this story, the ghost is a murdered monk. The red-brick St Mary's and St Michael's Church dates from 1769 and is listed at grade II. The cast-iron churchyard gates and railings, also listed, come from

Lleweni Hall Lleweni Hall (Welsh: ''Plas Lleweni''; sometimes also referred to as Llewenny Palace) was a stately home in Denbighshire, northeast Wales, around north-east of Denbigh on the banks of the River Clwyd. It was the principal seat of the Salusb ...

in Wales, which the Cotton family had acquired by marriage. They are older than the church, dating from the early 18th century.Hartwell ''et al.'', p. 196 The gate piers are composed of open ironwork tracery.

Johnson Johnson is a surname of Anglo-Norman origin meaning "Son of John". It is the second most common in the United States and 154th most common in the world. As a common family name in Scotland, Johnson is occasionally a variation of ''Johnston'', a ...

noted both the church and its gates and railings on his 1774 visit; he described the latter as being "of great elegance." The interior of the church has "beautiful"

stained glass Stained glass is coloured glass as a material or works created from it. Throughout its thousand-year history, the term has been applied almost exclusively to the windows of churches and other significant religious buildings. Although tradition ...

windows dating from the early 20th century, including an "exquisite" children's window donated by Lady Crossley. There is also a bust commemorating

Stapleton Cotton, 1st Viscount Combermere Field Marshal Stapleton Cotton, 1st Viscount Combermere (14 November 1773 – 21 February 1865), was a British Army officer, diplomat and politician. As a junior officer he took part in the Flanders Campaign, in the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War an ...

References

Sources

*Cheshire Federation of Women's Institutes. ''The Cheshire Village Book'' (Countryside Books & CFWI; 1990) () *Hartwell C, Hyde M, Hubbard E, Pevsner N. ''The Buildings of England: Cheshire'' (2nd edn) (Yale University Press; 2011) () *Local History Group, Latham FA (ed.). ''Wrenbury and Marbury'' (The Local History Group; 1999) ()

External links