''Bunyamwera orthobunyavirus'' (BUNV) is a negative-sense, single-stranded enveloped

RNA virus An RNA virus is a virusother than a retrovirusthat has ribonucleic acid (RNA) as its genetic material. The nucleic acid is usually single-stranded RNA ( ssRNA) but it may be double-stranded (dsRNA). Notable human diseases caused by RNA viruses ...

. It is assigned to the ''

Orthobunyavirus ''Orthobunyavirus'' is a genus of the ''Peribunyaviridae'' family in the order ''Bunyavirales''. There are currently ~170 viruses recognised in this genus. These have been assembled into 103 species and 20 serogroups. The name ''Orthobunyavirus' ...

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...

, in the ''

Bunyavirales ''Bunyavirales'' is an order of segmented negative-strand RNA viruses with mainly tripartite genomes. Member viruses infect arthropods, plants, protozoans, and vertebrates. It is the only order in the class ''Ellioviricetes''. The name ''Bunyavir ...

'' order. ''Bunyamwera orthobunyavirus'' can infect both humans and ''

Aedes aegypti ''Aedes aegypti'', the yellow fever mosquito, is a mosquito that can spread dengue fever, chikungunya, Zika fever, Mayaro and yellow fever viruses, and other disease agents. The mosquito can be recognized by black and white markings on its legs ...

'' (yellow fever mosquito). It is named for

Bunyamwera Bunyamwera is a town in Bundibugyo District, Uganda. It lies just outside of Rwenzori Mountains National Park, which is to the south. The town is north of Kagugu, southeast of Bunyana, and southwest of Butama. Other nearby settlements incl ...

, a town in western

Uganda }), is a landlocked country in East Africa East Africa, Eastern Africa, or East of Africa, is the eastern subregion of the African continent. In the United Nations Statistics Division scheme of geographic regions, 10-11-(16*) territor ...

, where it was isolated in 1943. Reassortant viruses derived from ''Bunyamwera orthobunyavirus'', such as '' Ngari virus'', have been associated with large outbreaks of

viral haemorrhagic fever Viral hemorrhagic fevers (VHFs) are a diverse group of animal and human illnesses in which fever and hemorrhage are caused by a viral infection. VHFs may be caused by five distinct families of RNA viruses: the families ''Filoviridae'', ''Flav ...

Kenya ) , national_anthem = "Ee Mungu Nguvu Yetu"() , image_map = , map_caption = , image_map2 = , capital = Nairobi , coordinates = , largest_city = Nairobi , ...

and

Somalia Somalia, , Osmanya script: 𐒈𐒝𐒑𐒛𐒐𐒘𐒕𐒖; ar, الصومال, aṣ-Ṣūmāl officially the Federal Republic of SomaliaThe ''Federal Republic of Somalia'' is the country's name per Article 1 of thProvisional Constituti ...

Molecular biology

The genetic structure of ''Bunyamwera orthobunyavirus'' is typical for ''

'' viruses, which are an order of enveloped negative-sense, single-stranded

RNA Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a polymeric molecule essential in various biological roles in coding, decoding, regulation and expression of genes. RNA and deoxyribonucleic acid ( DNA) are nucleic acids. Along with lipids, proteins, and carbohydra ...

viruses with a

genome In the fields of molecular biology and genetics, a genome is all the genetic information of an organism. It consists of nucleotide sequences of DNA (or RNA in RNA viruses). The nuclear genome includes protein-coding genes and non-coding ge ...

split into three parts—Small (S), Middle (M), and Large (L). The L RNA segment encodes an RNA-dependent

RNA polymerase In molecular biology, RNA polymerase (abbreviated RNAP or RNApol), or more specifically DNA-directed/dependent RNA polymerase (DdRP), is an enzyme that synthesizes RNA from a DNA template. Using the enzyme helicase, RNAP locally opens the ...

(L protein), the M RNA segment encodes two surface

glycoprotein Glycoproteins are proteins which contain oligosaccharide chains covalently attached to amino acid side-chains. The carbohydrate is attached to the protein in a cotranslational or posttranslational modification. This process is known as glycos ...

s (Gc and Gn) and a

nonstructural protein In virology, a nonstructural protein is a protein encoded by a virus but that is not part of the viral particle. They typically include the various enzymes and transcription factors the virus uses to replicate itself, such as a viral protease ( 3CL ...

(NSm), while the S RNA segment encodes a nucleocapsid protein (N) and, in an alternative overlapping

reading frame In molecular biology, a reading frame is a way of dividing the nucleic acid sequence, sequence of nucleotides in a nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) molecule into a set of consecutive, non-overlapping triplets. Where these triplets equate to amino acids or ...

, a second nonstructural protein (NSs). The genomic RNA segments are encapsidated by copies of the N protein in the form of

ribonucleoprotein Nucleoproteins are proteins conjugated with nucleic acids (either DNA or RNA). Typical nucleoproteins include ribosomes, nucleosomes and viral nucleocapsid proteins. Structures Nucleoproteins tend to be positively charged, facilitating in ...

(RNP) complexes. The N protein is the most abundant protein in virus particles and infected cells and, therefore, the main target in many serological and molecular diagnostics.

Molecular biology

Disease in humans

References

External links