, also romanized as Bunwa, was a
Japanese era name
The , also known as , is the first of the two elements that identify years in the Japanese era calendar scheme. The second element is a number which indicates the year number within the era (with the first year being ""), followed by the literal ...
(年号, ''nengō'', lit. year name) of the
Northern Court during the
Era of Northern and Southern Courts after ''
Kannō'' and before ''
Enbun.'' This period spanned the years from September 1352
[Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "''Bunwa''" i]
''Japan encyclopedia'', p. 93
n.b., Louis-Frédéric is pseudonym of Louis-Frédéric Nussbaum, ''see'
Deutsche Nationalbibliothek Authority File
through March 1356. The emperor in Kyoto was .
[Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). ''Annales des empereurs du japon'', pp. 302-303; Nussbaum, p. 175.] Go-Kōgon's
Southern Court
The were a set of four emperors (Emperor Go-Daigo and his line) whose claims to sovereignty during the Nanboku-chō period spanning from 1336 through 1392 were usurped by the Northern Court. This period ended with the Southern Court definitively ...
rival in Yoshino during this time-frame was .
Nanboku-chō overview
During the
Meiji period, an Imperial decree dated March 3, 1911 established that the legitimate reigning monarchs of this period were the direct descendants of
Emperor Go-Daigo through Emperor Go-Murakami, whose had been established in exile in
Yoshino, near Nara.
[Thomas, Julia Adeney. (2001)]
''Reconfiguring modernity: concepts of nature in Japanese political ideology'', p. 199 n57
citing Mehl, Margaret. (1997). ''History and the State in Nineteenth-Century Japan.'' p. 140-147.
Until the end of the
Edo period, the militarily superior pretender-Emperors supported by the
Ashikaga shogunate had been mistakenly incorporated in Imperial chronologies though it was acknowledged that the
Imperial Regalia
The Imperial Regalia, also called Imperial Insignia (in German ''Reichskleinodien'', ''Reichsinsignien'' or ''Reichsschatz''), are regalia of the Holy Roman Emperor. The most important parts are the Crown, the Imperial orb, the Imperial sce ...
were not in their possession.
This illegitimate had been established in
Kyoto by
Ashikaga Takauji.
Change of era
* 1352, also called : The new era name was created to mark the accession of Emperor Go-Kōgon. The previous era ended and the new one commenced in ''Kannō'' 3.
[Titsingh, p. 302.]
In this time frame,
Shōhei (1346–1370) was the Southern Court equivalent ''nengō.''
Events of the Bunna era
* 1352 (''Bunna 1, 11th month''): The grandfather of the emperor is advanced from the rank of ''
dainagon to ''
nadaijin.''
* 1353 (''Bunna 2''): Kyoto occupied by southern forces under
Yamana Tokiuji; and the capital was retaken by the Ashikaga.
[Ackroyd, Joyce. (1982) ''Lessons from History: The Tokushi Yoron'', p.329.]
* 1354 (''Bunna 3''): Takauji flees with
Go-Kōgon;
Kitabatake Chikafusa dies.
* 1355 (''Bunna 4''): Kyoto taken by southern army; Kyoto retaken again by the Ashikaga forces.
Notes
References
*
Ackroyd, Joyce. (1982) ''Lessons from History: The
Tokushi Yoron
The is an Edo period historical analysis of Japanese history written in 1712 by Arai Hakuseki (1657–1725).
Hakuseki's innovative effort to understand and explain the history of Japan differs significantly from previous chronologies which were c ...
.'' Brisbane:
University of Queensland Press.
* Mehl, Margaret. (1997). ''History and the State in Nineteenth-Century Japan.'' New York:
St Martin's Press
St. Martin's Press is a book publisher headquartered in Manhattan, New York City, in the Equitable Building. St. Martin's Press is considered one of the largest English-language publishers, bringing to the public some 700 titles a year under si ...
.
OCLC 419870136* Nussbaum, Louis Frédéric and Käthe Roth. (2005). ''Japan Encyclopedia.'' Cambridge:
Harvard University Press.
OCLC 48943301* Thomas, Julia Adeney. (2001). ''Reconfiguring Modernity: Concepts of Nature in Japanese Political Ideology.'' Berkeley:
University of California Press. ;
*
Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). ''
Nihon Odai Ichiran
Japan ( ja, 日本, or , and formally , ''Nihonkoku'') is an island country in East Asia. It is situated in the northwest Pacific Ocean, and is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan, while extending from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north ...
''; ou
''Annales des empereurs du Japon.'' Paris: Royal Asiatic Society, Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland
OCLC 5850691
External links
* National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar
-- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection
{{DEFAULTSORT:Bunna
Japanese eras
1350s in Japan