''Bundwerk'' is a method of building with timber that was used especially in the 19th century in

Austria Austria, , bar, Östareich officially the Republic of Austria, is a country in the southern part of Central Europe, lying in the Eastern Alps. It is a federation of nine states, one of which is the capital, Vienna, the most populous ...

South Tyrol it, Provincia Autonoma di Bolzano – Alto Adige lld, Provinzia Autonoma de Balsan/Bulsan – Südtirol , settlement_type = Autonomous province , image_skyline = , image_alt ...

and

Bavaria Bavaria ( ; ), officially the Free State of Bavaria (german: Freistaat Bayern, link=no ), is a state in the south-east of Germany. With an area of , Bavaria is the largest German state by land area, comprising roughly a fifth of the total lan ...

. After log construction and

timber framing Timber framing (german: Holzfachwerk) and "post-and-beam" construction are traditional methods of building with heavy timbers, creating structures using squared-off and carefully fitted and joined timbers with joints secured by large wooden ...

, ''bundwerk'' is one of the most widespread forms of timber building techniques. It involved using wooden beams that were arranged partly in a lattice or diagonally over a cross. It often decorated the front and gable sides of agricultural buildings, frequently the grain barn or ''Stadel'' of quadrangular farms (''Vierseithöfen''). In northeastern

Upper Bavaria Upper Bavaria (german: Oberbayern, ; ) is one of the seven administrative districts of Bavaria, Germany. Geography Upper Bavaria is located in the southern portion of Bavaria, and is centered on the city of Munich, both state capital and seat o ...

''bundwerk'' is especially varied and colourful. By contrast, in the

Werdenfelser Land The Werdenfelser Land is a region of Upper Bavaria that extends from Mittenwald in the south to Farchant. It includes parts of the Bavarian Alps. From the Middle Ages until the Thirty Years' War, the Werdenfelser Land was subject to the Prince-Bi ...

and the region around

Innsbruck Innsbruck (; bar, Innschbruck, label=Bavarian language, Austro-Bavarian ) is the capital of Tyrol (state), Tyrol and the List of cities and towns in Austria, fifth-largest city in Austria. On the Inn (river), River Inn, at its junction with the ...

only a few places exhibit this type of timber building throughout. ''Bundwerk'' had its heyday between 1830 and 1860 when artists and woodcarvers, as well as carpenters, decorated the ''bundwerk'' with paintings and carvings, often with mythical creatures or Christian symbols.

Literature

* Jüngling, Armin: ''Das Bundwerk am Bauernhaus des Chiemgaus.'' 1978 * Stoermer, Hans W.: ''Zimmererkunst am Bauernhaus: Bayrisch-Alpines Bundwerk.'' 1981 * Werner, Paul: ** ''Das Bundwerk: eine alte Zimmermannstechnik: Konstruktion, Gestaltung, Ornamentik.'' 1985; 1988 ** ''Bundwerk in Bayern.'' 1988 ** ''Das Bundwerk in Bayern.'' 2000 - ** ''Fratzen und Schlangen am Stadel Bundwerk; das schönste Zeugnis bäuerlicher Baukultur.'' In: ''Unser Bayern.'' 2000 * Enno Burmeister: ''Bundwerkstadel im Rupertiwinkel.'' 1989 * Günther Knesch: ** ''Der Bundwerkstadel Architektur und Volkskunst im östlichen Oberbayern.'' 1989 ** ''Wie alt ist das niederbayerische Bundwerk.'' In: ''Bayerisches Jahrbuch für Volkskunde.'' 1989 ** ''Der Bundwerkstadel von Nodern aus der Zeit um 1600.'' In: ''Ars Bavarica.'' 1989 ** ''Zansham, ein reichgestalteter Bundwerkstadel des 19. Jahrhunderts.'' In: ''Forschungen zur historischen Volkskultur.'' 1989 ** ''Der „Stiefel“ am niederbayerischen Bundwerk.'' In: ''Ars Bavarica.'' 1991 ** ''Bundwerkstadel aus Ostoberbayern 28 Bauaufnahmen.'' 1991 ** ''Holzbau in Niederbayern: Ständerbau, Bundwerk, Blockbau am Stadel.'' In: ''Niederbayern.'' 1995 ** ''Der Bundwerkstadel von Feldkirchen bei Trostberg Bauwerk und Bedeutung.'' In: ''Ars Bavarica.'' 1996 ** ''Bundwerkstadel in Niederbayern eine Dokumentation.'' 1997 ** ''Bundwerkstadel bäuerliche Baukunst in Niederbayern.'' In: ''Ostbairische Grenzmarken.'' 1998 ** ''Der Bundwerkstadel beim „Wagenhofer“.'' In: ''Das Salzfass.'' 1998 ** ''Löwen am Bundwerk.'' In: ''Schönere Heimat.'' 2001 ** ''Ein Bundwerkstadelbilderbogen.'' In: ''Das Salzfass.'' 2001 * ''Die Bundwerkbau in einigen Landschaften des Alpenvorlandes und des Alpenlandes.'' In: ''Historischer Holzbau in Europa.'' 1999

External links

{{Commonscat Timber framing Building Structural system Vernacular architecture Woodworking