was a after ''

Shōka is a form of ''ikebana''. Written with the same ''kanji'' characters, it is also pronounced and known as ''Shōka''. History The painter Sōami and the art patron and ''shōgun'' Ashikaga Yoshimasa were supporters of the style as early as t ...

'' and before '' Kōchō.'' This period spanned the years from April 1260 to February 1261. The reigning emperor was .

Change of era

* 1260 : The new era name was created to mark an event or a number of events. The years of the Shōgen era were part of a period marked by famine and

epidemic An epidemic (from Greek ἐπί ''epi'' "upon or above" and δῆμος ''demos'' "people") is the rapid spread of disease to a large number of hosts in a given population within a short period of time. For example, in meningococcal infection ...

s; and the era name was changed in quick succession in the hope that this might bring them to a close. The previous era ended and a new one commenced in ''Shōka'' 3.

Events of the ''Bun'ō'' era

* 1260 (''Bun'ō 1''): Crop failures brought widespread starvation.Totman, Conrad D. (2000). * 1260 (''Bun'ō 1''): Nichiren preached in the streets of Kamakura. * July 16, 1260 (''Bun'ō 1, 7th day of the 6th month''): Nichiren submitted a formal remonstrance to Hojo Tokiyori; this was the "Treatise on Securing Peace in the Land through the Establishment of True Buddhism" (''Rissho Ankoku Ron'') * 1260 (''Bun'ō 1''): Buddhism was introduced from Japan to the

Ryūkyū Kingdom The Ryukyu Kingdom was a kingdom in the Ryukyu Islands from 1429 to 1879. It was ruled as a Tributary system of China, tributary state of Ming dynasty, imperial Ming China by the King of Ryukyu, Ryukyuan monarchy, who unified Okinawa Island t ...

.Schwarz, Henry B. (1908). * 1260 (''Bun'ō 1''): The rise of

pirates Piracy is an act of robbery or criminal violence by ship or boat-borne attackers upon another ship or a coastal area, typically with the goal of stealing cargo and valuable goods, or taking hostages. Those who conduct acts of piracy are call ...

and increased raids from safe havens in Tsushima began to develop into a major problem.

Notes

References

* Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric and Käthe Roth. (2005)
''Japan encyclopedia.''
Cambridge:

Harvard University Press Harvard University Press (HUP) is an academic publishing house established on January 13, 1913, as a division of Harvard University. It is a member of the Association of University Presses. Its director since 2017 is George Andreou. The pres ...

.
OCLC 58053128
* Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). ''

Nihon Odai Ichiran Japan is an island country in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean off the northeast coast of the Asian mainland, it is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan and extends from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea in t ...

''; ou
''Annales des empereurs du Japon.''
Paris: Royal Asiatic Society, Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland
OCLC 5850691
* Totman, Conrad D. (1999). ''A History of Japan.'' Boston: Blackwell. ;
OCLC 59570371
* Varley, H. Paul. (1980). ''A Chronicle of Gods and Sovereigns: Jinnō Shōtōki of Kitabatake Chikafusa.'' New York:

Columbia University Press Columbia University Press is a university press based in New York City New York, often called New York City (NYC), is the most populous city in the United States, located at the southern tip of New York State on one of the world's la ...

.
OCLC 6042764

External links

National Diet Library The is the national library of Japan and among the largest libraries in the world. It was established in 1948 for the purpose of assisting members of the in researching matters of public policy. The library is similar in purpose and scope to ...

, "The Japanese Calendar
-- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection
{{DEFAULTSORT:Buno 1260 in Asia 1261 in Asia 1260s in Japan Japanese eras 13th-century neologisms